Alexander Fleming en
Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS, FRCS was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. In 1999, Time magazine named Fleming one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century, stating: Wikipedia [ - ]
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- Sir Alexander Fleming tr
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User Domain Famous People /user/narphorium/people
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- Person
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- An ingenuity in devising experiments, technical skill in implementing them, and uncanny powers of observation led to his two major discoveries: the enzyme lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin
- unknown
- bacteriology
- In 1906, Fleming graduated from St. Mary's Hospital Medical School in London and remained permanently with the hospital's bacteriology department.
- After graduation Fleming began working (at St. Mary's) in the laboratory of bacteriologist Almroth Wright, who was committed to the idea that the key to the treatment of bacterial infection and infectious diseases was immunization via vaccine therapy.
- In 1909, Fleming became one of the first to treat syphilis with Salvarsan, samples of which had been given to Wright by the German bacteriologist Ehrlich.
- During World War I Fleming and Wright were sent to Boulogne to tend the wounded who were dying not only of their wounds, but of the deadly infections septicemia, tetanus and gangrene.
- Antiseptics appeared not to help.
- Fleming made a study of infected wounds, and came to the conclusion that not only were antiseptics powerless against the infections, but also dangerous because they damaged the body cells just as much as the microbes.
- Fleming vowed to discover a "magic bullet" that would kill the microbes but leave the body unharmed.
- After the War, in 1918 Fleming returned to St. Mary's as a lecturer, and in 1920 was made Director of the Department of Systematic Bacteriology and Assistant Director of the Inoculation Department.
- Searching for antibacterial substances that would not be toxic to animal tissues, in 1921 Fleming made what he considered his most important discovery: that mucus from the nose, tears, saliva, other secretions, and even tissues contain a substance that can dissolve certain microbes with remarkable speed.
- Fleming's mentor Wright named this substance "lysozyme," but they found the action of lysozyme on the most pathogenic microbes too weak to be of major use.