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- Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau
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- http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau
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User Domain lindenb's types /user/lindenb/default_domain
- French chemist and politician. He is credited with producing the first systematic method of chemical nomenclature.
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Freebase Commons Influence /influence
User Domain kweb /base/kwebbase
- Person
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- Internationally noted as a reformer of the chemical naming system.
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- ballooning
- chemistry
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- In 1762 Guyton became a public prosecutor, but soon became involved in educational reform.
- The Jesuits in France were suppressed in 1763 and many of their schools closed.
- To remedy the situation, several proposals were advanced, including Guyton's "Memoire sur l'education publique" of 1764, which called for a large college in each province at which a wide range of subjects would be taught.
- He recommended less emphasis on the classics, and proposed that mathematics, physics, natural history and chemistry be included in the final two years.
- At the Dijon Academy in the late 1760s, Guyton met the chemist John Pierre Chardenon, engaged in research on combustion and calcination (oxidation by the process of heat.) After Chardenon's death in 1769, Guyton continued his work, publishing his results in 1772 in "Dissertation sur le phlogistique".
- Guyton's work caught the eye of the great French chemist Lavoisier, who was studying combustion and calcinations was questioning the accepted "phlogiston" theory, which held that every combustible substance is partly composed of "phlogiston" (a "fiery element") and that calcination is caused by the liberation of phlogiston, with the dephlogisticated substance left as ash or residue.
- In 1775, Lavoisier introduced Guyton to pneumatic chemistry (which studied the components of air), and though Guyton now believed that a portion of the air was absorbed during combustion and calcination, causing the gain in weight, (Lavoisier theorized it was oxygen,) he still believed in the phlogiston theory, and thought the phlogiston must be released at the same time the air was absorbed.
- Guyton expounded his theory in the public chemistry course, which was given every year from 1776 to 1789.
- The course was published as "Elements de chymie" (3 volumes., 1777-78).
- In the 1780s, Guyton published several works, including "Méthode de nomenclature chimique ('Method of Chemical Nomenclature'"), in which he offered ideas on how to reform the existing system of naming chemicals.
