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an argument where something is claimed to be theoretically true or false.
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21 Theoretical argument topics matching:
Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x Suggests this is true | x Suggests this is false | x article |
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| x Poverty of the stimulus | Universal grammar |
The poverty of the stimulus (POTS) argument is a variant of the epistemological problem of the indeterminacy of data to theory that claims that grammar is unlearnable given the linguistic data available to children. As such, the argument strikes...
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| x Chinese room |
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Strong AI |
The Chinese room argument comprises a thought experiment and associated arguments by John Searle (1980), which attempts to show that a symbol-processing machine like a computer can never be properly described as having a "mind" or "understanding",...
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| x Aggregating utility | Utilitarianism | |||
| x Importance of intentions | Utilitarianism | |||
| x Bernard Williams' critique of utilitarianism | Utilitarianism | |||
| x The Experience Machine | Hedonism |
The Experience Machine is a short section of Anarchy, State, and Utopia by Harvard University philosopher Robert Nozick. The text is one of the best known attempts at a refutation of ethical hedonism, based on considering a choice between everyday...
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| x Plantinga's free will defense |
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Problem of evil |
Alvin Plantinga's version of the free will defense is an attempt to refute the so-called logical problem of evil, the argument that to posit the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, wholly good god in an evil world constitutes a logical...
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| x Irreducible complexity |
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Evolution |
Irreducible complexity (IC) is an argument by proponents of intelligent design that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or "less complete" predecessors, through natural selection acting upon a series of...
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| x Teleological argument |
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Evolution |
A teleological argument, or argument from design, is an argument for the existence of God or a creator based on perceived evidence of order, purpose, design, or direction — or some combination of these — in nature. The word "teleological" is derived...
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| x Biblical literalism | Evolution |
Biblical literalism (also called Biblicism or Biblical fundamentalism) is the interpretation or translation of the explicit and primary sense of words in the Bible. A literal, Biblical interpretation is associated with the fundamentalist and...
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| x Specified complexity |
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Evolution |
Specified complexity is an argument proposed by William Dembski and used by him and others to promote intelligent design. According to Dembski, the concept is intended to formalize a property that singles out patterns that are both specified and...
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| x Twin Earth thought experiment | Semantic externalism |
The Twin Earth thought experiment was presented by philosopher Hilary Putnam in his 1973 paper "Meaning and Reference" and subsequent 1975 paper "The Meaning of 'Meaning'", as an early argument for what has subsequently come to be known as semantic...
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| x Lazy argument | Destiny |
The lazy argument (ἀργὸς λόγος) is an attempt at undermining doctrines of fate.
The argument relies on a deterministic system (such as of the Stoics). It runs as such: why should we bother making decisions if the outcome is already fixed? For...
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| x Globular cluster |
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Big Bang |
A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite. Globular clusters are very tightly bound by gravity, which gives them their spherical shapes and relatively high stellar densities toward their centers...
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| x Baryon asymmetry | Big Bang |
The baryon asymmetry problem in physics refers to the apparent fact that there is an imbalance in baryonic matter and antibaryonic matter in the universe. Neither the standard model of particle physics, nor the theory of general relativity provide...
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| x Flatness problem | Big Bang |
The flatness problem is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that a...
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| x Cosmic microwave background radiation |
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Big Bang |
In cosmology, cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation (also CMBR, CBR, MBR, and relic radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation filling the universe. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the...
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| x Metric expansion of space |
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Big Bang |
The metric expansion of space is the averaged increase of metric (i.e. measured) distance between distant objects in the universe with time. It is an intrinsic expansion—that is, it is defined by the relative separation of parts of the universe and...
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| x Apparent retrograde motion | Heliocentrism | Geocentric model |
Apparent retrograde motion is the motion of a planetary body in a direction opposite to that of other bodies within its system as observed from a particular vantage point. Direct motion or prograde motion is motion in the same direction as other...
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| x Argument from queerness | Non-cognitivism |
"The Argument from Queerness" is a term used in the philosophical study of ethics first developed by J. L. Mackie in his book Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong ISBN 0-14-013558-8 (1977)
Mackie argues against the view that there can be objective...
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| x Naturalistic fallacy |
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Ethical non-naturalism | Ethical naturalism |
The naturalistic fallacy is often claimed to be a formal fallacy. It was described and named by British philosopher G. E. Moore in his 1903 book Principia Ethica. Moore stated that a naturalistic fallacy was committed whenever a philosopher attempts...
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