Exoplanetology

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x Terrestrial planet The inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, their sizes to scale.
A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, rocky planet or inner planet is a planet that is primarily composed of silicate rocks. Within the solar system, the terrestrial planets are the closest planets to the Sun. The terms are derived from Latin words...
x Gas giant The solar system's four gas giants against the Sun's limb, to scale
A gas giant (sometimes also known as a Jovian planet after the planet Jupiter, or giant planet) is a large planet that is not primarily composed of rock or other solid matter. There are four gas giants in our Solar System: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,...
x Hot Jupiter Artist's impression of "roaster" extrasolar planet HD 209458b (Osiris)
Hot Jupiters (also called oven roasters, epistellar jovians, pegasids or pegasean planets) are a class of extrasolar planet whose mass is close to or exceeds that of Jupiter (1.9 × 10 kg), but unlike in the Solar System, where Jupiter orbits at 5 AU...
x Puffy planet  
Puffy planet, also called fluffy planet, is a class of gas giant planets that have density less than 0.5 g/cm³. Puffy planets often orbit close to their stars because the intense heat from the star and internal heat within the planet bloat planet's...
x Superjovian  
A super-Jupiter, or superjovian planet, is any planet with more mass than Jupiter (thus being giant planets). Many super-Jupiter planets have been discovered outside Earth's solar system, in part because super-Jupiter planets are easier to detect...
x Super-Earth Superearth1
A super-Earth is an extrasolar planet more massive than the Earth, but theoretically less massive than a gas giant. The term super-Earth refers only to the mass of the planet and does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability:...
x Eccentric Jupiter PlanetQuest-HD96167b
An Eccentric Jupiter is a Jovian planet that orbits its star in a highly eccentric orbit, much like a comet. Eccentric Jupiters may disqualify a planetary system from having earth-like planets in it because a massive and highly eccentric gas giant...
x Ocean planet Ocean world
An ocean planet is a hypothetical type of planet whose surface is completely covered with an ocean of water. Planetary objects that form in the outer solar system begin as a comet-like mixture of roughly 50% water and 50% rock by weight. Simulations...
x Chthonian planet  
A Chthonian planet (pronounced /ˈkθoʊniən/, sometimes misspelled Cthonian), is a hypothetical class of celestial objects resulting from the stripping away of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere and outer layers. Such atmospheric stripping...
x Desert planet Planet 75%+ Desert Planet
In science fiction, a desert planet is a one-climate planet where the climate is desert, with little or no natural precipitation. The motif is a common one, and includes both real and fictional planets. In a few stories, the motif is accompanied by...
x Pulsar planet Ssc2006-10c
Pulsar planets are planets that are found orbiting pulsars, or rapidly rotating neutron stars. The first such planet to be discovered was around a millisecond pulsar and was the first extrasolar planet to be discovered. Pulsar planets are discovered...
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