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Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and a philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pāli/Sanskrit "the awakened one"). The Buddha lived and...
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Zen
Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, translated from the Chinese word Chán to Japanese. This word is in turn derived from the Sanskrit dhyāna, which means "meditation" (see etymology below).
Zen emphasizes experiential prajñā, particularly as...
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Judaism
Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, and ultimately from the Hebrew יהודה, Yehudah, "Judah"; in Hebrew: יַהֲדוּת, Yahadut) is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh,...
Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life. The Reformed tradition was advanced by several theologians such as Martin Bucer, Heinrich...
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Abrahamic religion
Abrahamic religions (also known as Abrahamic faiths, Abrahamic traditions, and the religions of Abraham) has become a popular and often used designation for the monotheistic faiths of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, the Bahá'í Faith, and certain...
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Islam
Islam (Arabic: الإسلام al-’islām, pronounced [ʔislæːm] ( listen)) is the religion articulated by the Qur’an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of the single incomparable God (Arabic: الله, Allāh), and by the Islamic...
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Taoism
Taoism (or Daoism) refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions that have influenced East Asia for more than two millennia, and have had a notable influence on the western world since the 19th century. The word 道, Tao (or...
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Confucianism
Confucianism, literally "The School of the Scholars," is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the early Chinese sage Confucius. Confucianism is a complex system of moral, social, political,...
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Shinto
Shinto (神道, Shintō) or kami-no-michi is the natural spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. The word Shinto ("Way of the Gods") was adopted from the written Chinese (神道), combining two kanji: "shin" (神), meaning gods or spirits (originally...
Sikhism
Sikhism, founded in fifteenth century Punjab on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and ten successive Sikh Gurus (the last one being the sacred text Guru Granth Sahib), is the fifth-largest organized religion in the world. This system of religious...
Founding Figures:
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Restorationism
In Christianity the term restorationism, sometimes called Christian primitivism, refers to the belief that a purer form of Christianity should be restored using the early church as a model. It is sometimes used more specifically as a synonym for the...
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Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the four major divisions within Christianity, together with the Eastern Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church, and the Anglican Church traditions. The term 'Protestant' is most closely tied to those groups that separated...
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Jainism
Jainism (pronounced /ˈdʒaɪnɪzəm/, also called Jain Dharma') is an ancient dharmic religion from India that prescribes a path of non-violence for all forms of living beings in this world. Its philosophy and practice relies mainly on self-effort in...
Taoic religion
In the study of comparative religion, the East Asian religions (also known as Far Eastern religions, Chinese religions, or Taoic religions) form a subset of the Eastern religions. This group includes Caodaism, Chen Tao, Chondogyo, Confucianism,...
Christianity
Christianity
is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of
Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the Holy Bible. Christians
believe Jesus to be the Son of God and the Messiah prophesied in the
Old Testament. With an estimated 2.1...
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Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. According to some writers, Anglicanism forms one of the principal traditions...
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, also officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church, and commonly referred to in English-speaking countries as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the world's second largest Christian communion, estimated to number 225 million...
Oriental Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only three ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus. They rejected the dogmatic definitions of...
Madhyamaka
Madhyamaka (Sanskrit: माध्यमक, Mādhyamaka, traditional Chinese: 中觀宗, Pinyin: Zhōngguānzōng; also known as Śunyavada) is a Buddhist Mahāyāna tradition systematized by Nāgārjuna. Nāgārjuna may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a...
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Methodism
Methodism is a movement of Christianity represented by a number of organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to Reverend John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement in the...
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Holiness movement
The Holiness Movement in Christianity is a movement which teaches that the carnal nature of humanity can be cleansed through faith and by the power of the Holy Spirit if one has had his sins forgiven through faith in Jesus Christ. The benefits...
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, comprising at least 85% of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims. Sunnis are also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘ah (Arabic: أهل السنة والجماعة "people of the tradition (of Muhammad) and the community")...
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Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular, modern world. Modern Orthodoxy draws on several teachings and...
Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church (commonly abbreviated "Adventist") is a Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the...
Conservative Judaism
Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism outside of the United States and Canada) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out of intellectual currents in Germany in the mid-19th century and took institutional form in the United States in...
Baptist
A Baptist is a Christian who subscribes to a theology which are committed to believer's baptism by immersion (as opposed to infant baptism and affusion and sprinkling) and favors the congregational model of church polity. A Baptist church is a local...
East Asian Buddhism
East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Mahayana Buddhism that developed in the East Asian region and follow the Chinese Buddhist canon. These include Chinese Buddhism, Korean Buddhism, Japanese Buddhism, and Vietnamese Buddhism....
Reformed Baptist
The name Reformed Baptist refers both to a distinct Christian denomination, and to a description of theological leaning. Not all churches or individuals that are Calvinistic in doctrine identify themselves as Reformed Baptist.
Reformed Baptists are...
Early Buddhist schools
The Early Buddhist schools are those schools into which, according to most scholars, the Buddhist monastic Sangha initially split, due originally to differences in Vinaya, and later also due to doctrinal differences and geographical separateness of...
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism is the religion of a number of different Christian churches adhering to the Calvinist theological tradition within Protestantism, and organized according to a characteristic Presbyterian polity. Presbyterian theology typically...
Smartism
Smartism (or Smarta Sampradaya, Smarta Tradition, as it is termed in Sanskrit) is a denomination of the Hindu religion. The term Smarta refers to adherents who follow the Vedas and Shastras. They mainly follow the Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Adi...
Karaite Judaism
Karaite Judaism or Karaism (pronounced /ˈkærə.aɪt, ˈkærə.ɪzəm/) Hebrew: יהדות קראית , Modern Yahadut Qara'it Tiberian Qārāʾîm ; meaning "Readers of the Hebrew Scriptures", or followers/seekers of "Torah or Tanakh based Judaism", from the Jewish name...
Charismatic movement
The term Charismatic Movement describes the adoption (circa 1960 onwards for Protestants, 1967 onwards for Roman Catholics) of certain beliefs typical of those held by Pentecostal Christians by those within the historic denominations. The term ...
Sufism
Sufism (Arabic: تصوّف) taṣawwuf,(Persian: صوفی گری) also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof according to the Persian pronunciation, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally...
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity which identifies with the teachings of the 16th century German reformer Martin Luther. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation. The...
Reconstructionist Judaism
Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983). The movement views Judaism as a progressively evolving civilization. It originated as a branch of Conservative Judaism before it...
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (abbreviated as the LDS Church, commonly referred to as the Mormon Church) is a restorationist Christian church, and the largest denomination originating from the Latter Day Saint movement founded by...
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Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is one of three major forms of Buddhism, in terms of regional culture as well as canonical language (see Tibetan canon). The other two would be Theravada, based on the Pali canon; and East Asian Buddhism, based on the Chinese...
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Anabaptist
Anabaptists (Greek ανα (again, twice) +βαπτιζω (baptize), thus "re-baptizers") are Christians of the Radical Reformation. This article describes the Anabaptists of 16th-century Europe and their direct descendants, particularly the Amish, Hutterites,...
Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism refers to the spectrum of beliefs, practices and organizational infrastructure associated with Reform Judaism in North America and in the United Kingdom. The term also may refer to the Israeli Progressive Movement, the worldwide...
Mahayana
Mahayana (Sanskrit: महायान, mahāyāna literally 'Great Vehicle') is one of two major divisions of Buddhism, along with Theravada. In this sense, Mahayana Buddhism is distinguished primarily by its recognition of the Mahayana sutras, which Theravadins...
Non-denominational Christianity
In Christianity, non-denominational institutions or churches are those which have not formally aligned themselves with an established denomination, or remain otherwise officially autonomous. This, however, does not preclude an identifiable standard...
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Haredi Judaism
Haredi or Charedi/Chareidi Judaism, also referred to as Ultra-Orthodox Judaism,—though the term is considered pejorative by some—is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. A follower of Haredi Judaism is called a Haredi ...
Vajrayana
Vajrayāna Buddhism (Devanagari: वज्रयान) is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and the Diamond Vehicle. The period of Vajrayana Buddhism has been classified as the fifth or final period of Indian...
Tianshi Dao
Tianshi Dao (Simplified Chinese:天师道, Traditional Chinese: 天師道, pinyin: Tiān Shī Dào) or Way of the Celestial Masters is a Chinese Daoist movement that was founded by Zhang Daoling in 142 CE. At its height, the movement controlled a theocratic state...
Religious Society of Friends
Quakerism originated in mid-17th century England, originally as a
break-away branch of Puritanism. George Fox (1624-1691), an English
preacher, founded the Society of Friends, whose open structure reflects
his aversion to church hierarchy and...
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Eastern Christianity
Eastern Christianity refers collectively to the Christian traditions and churches which developed in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, Northeastern Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. The...
Lingbao
The Lingbao School (Simplified Chinese: 灵宝派; Traditional Chinese: 靈寶派; pinyin: Líng Bǎo Pài), also known as the School of the Sacred Jewel or the School of Numinous Treasure, was an important Daoist school that emerged in China in between the Jin...
Restoration Movement
The Restoration Movement (also known as the American Restoration Movement or the Stone-Campbell Movement) is a Christian movement that began on the American frontier during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century. The movement sought to...
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism is a Protestant Christian theological stream which began in Great Britain in the 1730s. Most adherents consider its key characteristics to be:
David Bebbington has termed these four distinctive aspects conversionism, activism,...
Theravada
Theravada (Pāli: थेरवाद theravāda (cf Sanskrit: स्थविरवाद sthaviravāda); literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching", is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It was founded in India. It is relatively conservative, and...
Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism (वैष्णव धर्म) is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or his associated avatars, principally as Rama and Krishna, as the original and supreme God. This worship in different perspectives or...
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenarian Christian denomination. The religion reports worldwide membership of over 7 million adherents involved in evangelism; they report convention attendance of over 12 million, and annual Memorial...
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Shi'a Islam
Shia Islam (Arabic: شيعة Shī‘ah, sometimes spelled Shi'a), is the second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni Islam. The followers of Shia Islam are called Shi'as but are also know as Shiites or Shi'ites.
Similar to other schools of thought...
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is a formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics canonized in the Talmudic texts ("Oral Torah") and subsequently developed and applied by the later authorities...
Shaktism
Shaktism (Sanskrit: Śāktaṃ, शाक्तं; lit., "doctrine of power" or "doctrine of the Goddess") is a denomination of Hinduism that focuses worship upon Shakti or Devi – the Hindu Divine Mother – as the absolute, ultimate Godhead. It is, along with...
Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism or Rabbinism (Hebrew: "Yahadut Rabanit" - יהדות רבנית) has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the sixth century CE, after the codification of the Talmud. Rabbinic Judaism gained predominance within the Jewish diaspora between...
Quanzhen School
The Quanzhen (Traditional Chinese: 全眞; Simplified Chinese: 全真; pinyin: quán zhēn; literally: "Complete Perfection") School, commonly called Complete Reality in English, is a major sect of Taoism that originated in Northern China. It was founded by...
