horses

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x Full-school 800px-Dressurviereck_-_Ganze_Bahn_quer.svg.png
The horse and rider travel along the rail all the way around the side of the arena, without changing direction. Full-school riding is often used for warming-up, to get the horse thinking forward, and is a good technique to use during the training...
x Half-school 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Halbe_Bahn_quer.svg.png
The horse and rider travel along one half of the arena, either along the width or the length. Half-school along the width is occasionally seen in lessons, especially if the group is small, giving the instructor a chance to critique all riders. It is...
x 20-meter circle 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Der_Zirkel_quer.svg.png
The horse and rider make a smooth, controlled circle whose diameter is equal to the width of the arena. The 20-meter circle is one of the most important training figures in dressage, first seen in the most simple tests possible, and continued on...
x 10-meter circle 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Die_Volte_quer.svg.png
The 10-meter circle is a favorite training tool, as it can be used to increase impulsion and bend. It is often used when beginning to train three-track movements such as shoulder-in and haunches-in, as the circle gives the horse the correct bend...
x 15-meter circle  
The 15-meter circle is usually asked for in dressage tests at the canter to show the horse's ability to bend.
x Volte  
The volte is a very small circle, having a diameter of 6 meters by definition, although trainers may vary the size of the volte depending upon the size of the horse. Of all the circles, it requires the most balance from the horse. Voltes are...
x Pessade  
The pessade is a half-volte, in which the hindquarters are kept to the inside, therefore making a smaller circle than the forehand. It is often used as a precursor to the pirouette, when executed at the walk and canter. It may also prepare the horse...
x Across the long diagonal 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Durch_die_ganze_Bahn_wechseln_quer.svg.png
The rider goes from one of the letters near the corner (K,H,M, or F), to the letter on the long side near the opposite corner(for example, K to M, or H to F). The rider does not go from corner to corner. There should be a stride or two of...
x Across the short diagonal 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Durch_die_halbe_Bahn_wechseln_quer.svg.png
The rider goes from one near-corner (K,H,M, or F) to the midpoint of the opposite long side (E or B). This can also be performed the opposite direction, for example riding from E to M. The rider should always go to the letter in the direction of...
x Half-volte to wall 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Aus_der_Ecke_kehrt_quer.svg.png
The rider on long side of the arena performs a half-volte toward the inside of the ring, before gradually coming back to the wall. It is not asked for in dressage tests, but is one of the most common ways judges ask for a change of direction in the...
x Through a circle 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Durch_den_Zirkel_wechseln_quer.svg.png
The rider starts on a 20-meter circle. When he wishes to change direction, which he may do so at any point on the circle, he performs a 10-meter half-circle, continuing in the same direction of travel, to the center point of his original circle. He...
x Down the centerline 170px-Dressurviereck_-_Durch_die_L%C3%A4nge_der_Bahn_geritten_quer.svg.png
The horse is ridden down the imaginary centerline of the arena, from the letters C to A or vice-versa. This is one of the best ways to test the straightness of the horse, as the sides of the arena usually guide horses into straightness, while the...
x Down the quarterline  
The rider rides down the quarterline (which falls half-way between the centerline and the longside of the arena). This has similar benefits as riding down the centerline, as is it tests for straightness.
x Figure-eight 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Aus_den_Zirkel_wechseln_quer.svg.png
This horse and rider peform two linked 20-meter circles, with a change in direction at X.
x Serpentine 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Dreifache_Schlangenlinie_quer.svg.png
The horse and rider travel in an S-shaped figure, usually with three or four loops, although for training purposes there may be many more. The size and shape of the loops may vary, including loops that have several strides of straightness between...
x Shallow loop 200px-Dressurviereck_-_Einfache_Schlangenlinie_quer.svg.png
This is not so much a serpentine as a slight curve in the track as the rider goes along the long side. He should gently move off the track a few meters, before returning back to it.
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