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803 Nobel Prize Winner topics matching:
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| x name | x image | x Nobel Honor | x article | ||
| x Year | x Notes/Description | x Subject Area | |||
| x Luc Montagnier |
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2008 | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" | HIV |
Luc Antoine Montagnier (born 18 August 1932 in Chabris, Indre) is a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine., for his co-discovery of the Human...
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| x Françoise Barré-Sinoussi |
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2008 | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" | HIV |
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (born 30 July 1947) is a French virologist and director of the Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. Born in Paris, France, Barré-Sinoussi performed some of the fundamental...
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| x Paul Krugman |
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2008 | "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity" | New Trade Theory |
Paul Robin Krugman (pronounced /ˈkruːɡmən/; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist, liberal columnist and author. He is Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs,...
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| x Aage Niels Bohr |
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1975 | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" | Atomic nucleus |
Aage Niels Bohr (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɔːʊ̯ ˌnels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ] ( listen); 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate, and the son of Niels and Margrethe Bohr.
Bohr was born in Copenhagen in 1922, and grew up...
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| x James Rainwater |
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1975 | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" | Atomic nucleus |
Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 – May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei.
Rainwater was born in December 9, 1917 in...
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| x Ben Roy Mottelson |
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1975 | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" | Atomic nucleus |
Ben Roy Mottelson (born July 9, 1926) is a Danish American nuclear physicist. He won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the non-spherical geometry of atomic nuclei.
Mottelson was born in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from Lyons...
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| x Aaron Ciechanover |
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2004 | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" | Ubiquitin |
Aaron Ciechanover (אהרן צ'חנובר) (born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.
Born in Haifa, British Mandate of Palestine, Ciechanover received his Master of Science degree in 1971 and his M.D. in 1974 from the...
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| Proteolysis | |||||
| x Aaron Klug |
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1982 | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" | Electron crystallography |
Sir Aaron Klug, OM, PRS (born 11 August 1926) is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of...
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| x Abdus Salam |
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1979 | "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" | Electroweak interaction |
Abdus Salam (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام) (January 29, 1926; Jhang, Punjab, British India – November 21, 1996; Oxford, England) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist, astrophysicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work in Electro-Weak Theory. Salam,...
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| x Adolf Butenandt |
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1939 | "for his work on sex hormones" | Sex steroid |
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He was initially forced by the Nazi government to decline the award, but...
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| x Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus |
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1928 | "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" | Sterol |
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (December 25, 1876 – June 9, 1959) was a German chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was the doctoral advisor of Adolf Butenandt who also won a...
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| x Adolf von Baeyer |
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1905 | "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" | Baeyer-Drewson indigo synthesis |
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪɐ]; October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Born in Berlin, he initially...
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| Indigo dye | |||||
| x Adolfo Pérez Esquivel |
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1980 | "for his efforts in the defense of human rights" | Human rights |
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (born November 26, 1931 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize. He is noted for leading protests against the Free Trade Area of the Americas and for bringing attention to the act of...
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| x Ahmed Zewail |
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1999 | "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" | Femtochemistry |
Ahmed Hassan Zewail (Arabic: أحمد حسن زويل) (born February 26, 1946 in Damanhour, Egypt) is an Egyptian-American scientist, and the winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. He is the Linus Pauling Chair Professor...
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| x Al Gore |
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2007 | "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change" | Global warming |
Albert Arnold Gore, Jr., is an American environmental activist, author, businessperson, former politician and former journalist. He served as the forty-fifth Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. ...
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| x Alan J. Heeger |
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2000 | "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" | Conductive polymer |
Alan Jay Heeger (born January 22, 1936) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.
Heeger was born in Sioux City, Iowa. He earned a B.S. in physics and mathematics from the University of Nebraska in 1957, and a Ph.D in...
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| x Alan MacDiarmid |
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2000 | "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" | Conductive polymer |
Alan Graham MacDiarmid ONZ (April 14, 1927 – February 7, 2007) was a chemist, and one of three recipients of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2000.
He was born in Masterton, New Zealand as one of five children - three brothers and two sisters. His...
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| x Hideki Shirakawa |
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2000 | "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" | Conductive polymer |
Hideki Shirakawa 白川 英樹 Shirakawa Hideki, born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist and winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of conductive polymers together with physics professor Alan J. Heeger and chemistry...
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| x Alan Lloyd Hodgkin |
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1963 | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" | Action potential |
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, FRS (5 February 1914, Banbury, Oxfordshire, England – 20 December 1998 Cambridge) was a British physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Hodgkin was educated at The Downs...
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| Chemical synapse | |||||
| x John Carew Eccles |
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1963 | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" | Action potential |
Sir John Carew Eccles, AC FRS FRACP FRSNZ FAAS (27 January 1903 – 2 May 1997) was an Australian neurophysiologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse. He shared the prize together with Andrew Fielding...
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| Chemical synapse | |||||
| x Andrew Huxley |
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1963 | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" | Action potential |
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley, OM, FRS (born 22 November 1917, Hampstead, London) is an English physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the basis of nerve action...
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| Chemical synapse | |||||
| x Albert Abraham Michelson |
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1907 | "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" | Michelson-Morley experiment |
Albert Abraham Michelson (19 December 1852 – 9 May 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on the measurement of the speed of light and especially for the Michelson-Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics. He...
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| x Albert Camus |
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1957 | "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times" | Capital punishment |
Albert Camus (French pronunciation: [albɛʁ kamy]) (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French author, philosopher, and journalist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957. He is often cited as a proponent of existentialism (the...
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| x Albert Claude |
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1974 | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" | Cell fractionation |
Albert Claude (August 24, 1899 – May 22, 1983) was a Belgian biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He studied medicine at the University of Liege (Belgium). During the winter of 1928-29 he worked in Berlin, first at...
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| Organelle | |||||
| x Christian de Duve |
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1974 | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" | Cell fractionation |
Christian René de Duve (born 2 October 1917) is an internationally acclaimed cytologist and biochemist. De Duve was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey, Great Britain, as a son of Belgian immigrants. They returned to Belgium in 1920. De Duve was educated...
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| Organelle | |||||
| x George Emil Palade |
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1974 | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" | Cell fractionation |
George Emil Palade (November 19, 1912 – October 7, 2008) was a highly regarded Romanian cell biologist. In 1974, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve, for discovering the vacuole.
Palade also...
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| Organelle | |||||
| x Albert Einstein |
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1921 | "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" | Photoelectric effect |
Albert Einstein (pronounced /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n] ( listen); 14 March 1879–18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist. His many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the...
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| x Albert Fert |
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2007 | "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance" | Giant magnetoresistive effect |
Albert Fert (born March 7, 1938) is a French physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disks. He is currently professor at Université Paris-Sud in Orsay and scientific...
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| x Peter Grünberg |
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2007 | "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance" | Giant magnetoresistive effect |
Peter Andreas Grünberg (18 May 1939) is a German physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his discovery with Albert Fert of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disk drives.
Grünberg was born in...
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| x Albert Lutuli |
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1960 | "for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid." | History of South Africa in the apartheid era |
Albert John Lutuli (commonly spelled Luthuli), also known by his Zulu name "Mvumbi" (c. 1898 – 21 July 1967), was a South African teacher and politician. Lutuli was elected president of the African National Congress (ANC), at the time an umbrella...
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| Nonviolence | |||||
| x Albert Szent-Györgyi |
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1937 | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" | Vitamin C |
Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt (September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the...
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| Fumaric acid | |||||
| x Albrecht Kossel |
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1910 | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances" | Cell biology |
Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht Kossel (16 September 1853 – 5 July 1927) was a German medical doctor.
Kossel was born in Rostock as the son of Prussian consul Albrecht Kossel and his wife Clara. In 1872, Kossel went to the University of...
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| Protein | |||||
| Nucleic Acids | |||||
| x Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn |
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1970 | "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature" | Gulag |
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (English pronunciation: /soʊlʒəˈniːtsɨn/ Russian: Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын, pronounced [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɪˈsaɪvʲɪtɕ səlʐɨˈnʲitsɨn]) (December 11, 1918 – August 3, 2008) was a Soviet and Russian novelist, dramatist,...
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| x Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov |
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1964 | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" | Quantum electronics |
Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров) (11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was a Soviet/Russian physicist.
He was born in Atherton, Queensland, to a family of Russian immigrants. He and his parents relocated to the...
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| Maser | |||||
| x Charles Hard Townes |
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1964 | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" | Quantum electronics |
Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, 1915) is an American Nobel Prize-winning physicist and educator. Townes is known for his work on the theory and application of the maser, on which he got the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum...
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| Maser | |||||
| x Nikolay Basov |
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1964 | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" | Quantum electronics |
Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov (Russian: Никола́й Генна́диевич Ба́сов; December 14, 1922 – July 1, 2001) was a Soviet physicist and educator. For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser,...
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| Maser | |||||
| x Alexander Fleming |
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1945 | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" | Penicillin |
Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in...
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| x Howard Walter Florey |
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1945 | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" | Penicillin |
Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey OM, FRS (24 September 1898 – 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his...
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| x Ernst Boris Chain |
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1945 | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" | Penicillin |
Sir Ernst Boris Chain (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin.
Chain was born in Berlin to a Russian father who moved from...
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| x Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd |
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1957 | "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" | Nucleotide |
Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd of Trumpington, OM, PPRS, FRSE (2 October 1907 – 10 January 1997) was a Scottish biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957...
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| x Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov |
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2003 | "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" | Superfluid |
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов) (born June 25, 1928) is a Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003....
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| Superconductivity | |||||
| x Vitaly Ginzburg |
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2003 | "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" | Superfluid |
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (Russian: Виталий Лазаревич Гинзбург; born 4 October 1916 in Moscow) is a Russian theoretical physicist, astrophysicist and Nobel laureate and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the successor to Igor Tamm...
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| Superconductivity | |||||
| x Anthony James Leggett |
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2003 | "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" | Superfluid |
Sir Anthony James Leggett, KBE, FRS (born 26 March 1938, Camberwell, London, UK), aka Tony Leggett, is the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Chair and Center for Advanced Study Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign...
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| Superconductivity | |||||
| x Alexis Carrel |
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1912 | "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" | Surgical suture |
Alexis Carrel (June 28, 1873 – November 5, 1944) was a French surgeon, biologist and eugenicist, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912. Alexis Carrel is also infamous for being a Nazi sympathiser, supporter and for his...
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| Organ transplant | |||||
| x Alfonso García Robles |
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1982 | "as the driving force behind the Treaty of Tlatelolco, setting up a nuclear-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean." | Treaty of Tlatelolco |
Alfonso García Robles (20 March 1911 – 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Sweden's Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982.
García Robles was born in Zamora, Michoacán, and trained in law at...
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| x Alva Myrdal |
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1982 | "as a vocal supporter of disarmament" | Disarmament |
Alva Reimer Myrdal (31 January 1902 – 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist and politician. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. She married Gunnar Myrdal in 1924.
Born in Uppsala, she first came to public notice in the 1930s, and was...
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| x Alfred G. Gilman |
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1994 | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" | G-protein signal transduction |
Alfred Goodman Gilman (born July 1, 1941) is an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin Rodbell for their discoveries regarding G-proteins.
G-proteins are a vital intermediary...
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| x Martin Rodbell |
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1994 | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" | G-protein signal transduction |
Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Alfred G. Gilman for ...
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| x Alfred Hershey |
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1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" | Viral replication |
Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 – May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist and geneticist.
He was born in Owosso, Michigan and received his B.S. in chemistry at Michigan State University in 1930 and his Ph.D. in...
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| x Max Delbrück |
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1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" | Viral replication |
Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981) was a German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate.
Delbrück was born in Berlin, German Empire. His father was Hans Delbrück, a professor of history at the University of Berlin, and...
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| x Salvador Luria |
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1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" | Viral replication |
Salvador Edward Luria (Turin, August 13, 1912 – Lexington, February 6, 1991) was an Italian-born American microbiologist and a Nobel laureate (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) for his pioneering work with Max Delbrück and Alfred Hershey on...
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| x Alfred Kastler |
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1966 | "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" | Optical pumping |
Alfred Kastler (May 3, 1902 – January 7, 1984) was a German-born French physicist, and Nobel Prize laureate.
Kastler was born in Guebwiller (Alsace) and later attended the Lycée Bartholdi in Colmar, Alsace, and École Normale Supérieure in Paris in...
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| x Alfred Werner |
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1913 | "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry" | Octahedral molecular geometry |
Alfred Werner (December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a professor at the University of Zurich. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner...
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| x Allan McLeod Cormack |
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1979 | "for the development of computer assisted tomography" | Computed tomography |
Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African-born American physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (along with Godfrey Hounsfield) for his work on x-ray computed tomography (CT).
Cormack was...
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| x Godfrey Hounsfield |
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1979 | "for the development of computer assisted tomography" | Computed tomography |
Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield CBE, FRS, (August 28, 1919 – August 12, 2004) was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack for his part in developing the diagnostic technique...
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| x Allvar Gullstrand |
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1911 | "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye" | Dioptrics |
Allvar Gullstrand (5 June 1862, – 28 July 1930) was a Swedish ophthalmologist.
Born at Landskrona, Sweden, Gullstrand was professor (1894–1927) successively of eye therapy and of optics at the University of Uppsala. He applied the methods of...
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| x Amartya Sen |
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1998 | "for his contributions to welfare economics" | Welfare economics |
Amartya Kumar Sen CH (Hon) (Bengali : অমর্ত্য কুমার সেন, Ômorto Kumar Shen) (born 3 November 1933), is an Indian Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics-winning economist, and Thomas W. Lamont University Professor and Professor of Economics and Philosophy...
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| x American Friends Service Committee |
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1947 | Humanitarian aid |
The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) is a Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) affiliated organization which provides humanitarian relief and works for social justice, peace and reconciliation, human rights, and abolition of the death...
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| x Quaker Peace and Social Witness |
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1947 | Humanitarian aid |
Quaker Peace & Social Witness (QPSW), previously known as the Friends Service Council, and then as Quaker Peace and Service, is one of the central committees of Britain Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends - the national organisation...
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| x Amnesty International |
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1977 | "for its campaign against torture" | Human rights |
Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty and AI) is an international secular non-governmental organisation which defines its mission as "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand...
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