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| x Muslin |
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Muslin is a type of finely-woven cotton fabric, introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the 17th century. It became very popular at the end of the 18th century in France. Muslin is most typically a closely-woven unbleached or white cloth,...
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| x Cotton |
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Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa. The fiber most often is spun...
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| x Chiffon |
Chiffon, from the French word for a cloth or rag, is a lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns. The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric slightly in both directions after...
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| x Taffeta |
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Taffeta (formerly sometimes spelled taffety) is a crisp, smooth woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibres. The word is Persian in origin, and means "twisted woven." It is considered to be a "high end" fabric, suitable for use in ball gowns,...
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| x Organza |
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Organza is a thin, plain weave, sheer fabric traditionally made from silk, the continuous filament of silkworms. Nowadays, though many organzas are woven with synthetic filament fibers such as polyester or nylon, the most luxurious organzas are...
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| x Gingham |
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Best known cotton fabric, patterned in checks, stripes or plain.
Quality varies from very coarse heavy cloth to fine soft material. Summer dresses, play dresses, aprons and house dresses.
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| x Dyeing |
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After the fabric has reached a satisfactory state of finish it is
either dyed or printed. Dyeing is a simple process. Usually the color
dye is mixed with water in the proportions desired and the cloth is
permitted to soak in this solution. Dyeing is...
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| x Satin weave |
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Satin weave is one of the three important textile weaves. (The other two are plain and twill weave.) The satin weave is distinguished by its lustrous, or 'silky', appearance. Satin describes the way the threads are combined, and the yarn used may be...
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| x Twill |
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Twill is a type of fabric woven with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs.
It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step" or offset between rows to create the...
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| x Chino cloth |
Chino cloth is a kind of twill fabric, usually made primarily from cotton. Originally used in British and French military uniforms in the mid-1800s, today it is also used to make civilian clothing.
Chino pants gained popularity in the U.S. in the...
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| x Velvet |
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Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed, with a short dense pile, giving it a distinct feel.
Velvet can be made from many different kinds of fibers. It is woven on a special loom that weaves two...
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| x Velvetine |
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Velveteen is a cotton cloth made in imitation of velvet. The term is sometimes applied to a mixture of silk and cotton. Some velveteens are a kind of fustian, having a rib of velvet pile alternating with a plain depression. The velveteen trade...
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| x Fake fur |
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Fake fur, also called fun fur or faux fur, is any material made of synthetic fibers designed to resemble fur, normally as part of a piece of clothing. It was first introduced in 1929 and has been commercially available since the 1950s, but its...
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| x Gauze |
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Gauze is a thin, translucent fabric with a loose open weave.
Gauze was traditionally woven in Palestine and the etymology of the English word derives from the place name for Gaza (Arabic: غزة ghazza), a center of weaving in the region. Despite a...
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| x Corduroy |
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Corduroy is a textile composed of twisted fibers that, when woven, lie parallel (similar to twill) to one another to form the cloth's distinct pattern, a "cord." Modern corduroy is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a...
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| x Silk |
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Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering...
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| x Mohair |
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Mohair usually refers to a silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the Angora goat. The word "mohair" was adopted into English before 1570 from the Arabic mukhayyar, a type of haircloth, literally 'choice', from khayyara, 'he chose'. Mohair...
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| x Jacquard weaving |
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Jacquard weaving makes possible in almost any loom the programmed raising of each warp thread independently of the others. This brings much greater versatility to the weaving process, and offers the highest level of warp yarn control. This mechanism...
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| x Pique |
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Piqué, or marcella, refers to a weaving style, normally used with cotton yarn, which is characterized by raised parallel cords or fine ribbing. Twilled cotton and corded cotton are close relatives.
The weave is part of white tie, and some accounts...
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| x Oxford |
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Oxford is a type of woven fabric, employed to make the fabric in oxford shirts. The warp has two fine yarns paired together. The weft has one heavier, softly spun fill yarn, which gives the fabric a very subtle basketweave look with a silk-like and...
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| x Double weave |
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Double cloth or double weave (also doublecloth, double-cloth) is a type of woven textile in which two or more sets of warps and one or more sets of weft or filling yarns are interconnected to form a two-layered cloth. The movement of threads between...
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| x Even-weave |
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Even-weave fabric or canvas is any woven textile where the warp and weft threads are of the same size.
Even-weave fabrics are typically required as foundations for counted-thread embroidery styles such as cross-stitch, needlepoint, and blackwork so...
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| x Fustian |
Fustian (also called bombast) is a term for a variety of heavy woven, mostly cotton fabrics, chiefly prepared for menswear. It is also used to refer to pompous, inflated or pretentious writing or speech, from at least the time of Shakespeare.
It...
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| x Chenille |
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Chenille may refer to either a type of cored yarn or fabric made from it.
Chenille, the French word for caterpillar, is typically used to describe a type of fabric. Many fabrics, such as mohair and wool, get their names from the fibers with which...
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| x Felt |
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Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibers. While some types of felt are very soft, some are tough enough to form construction materials. Felt can be of any color, and made into any shape or size.
Felt is...
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| x Fulling |
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Fulling or tucking or walking ("waulking" in Scotland) is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate oils, dirt, and other impurities, and making it thicker. The worker who does the job is a...
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| x Brocade |
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Brocade is a class of richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in colored silks and with or without gold and silver threads. The name, related to the same root as the word "broccoli", comes from Italian broccato meaning "embossed cloth,"...
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| x Warp knitting |
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Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the...
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| x Weft knitting | ||
| x Leno weave | ||
| x Nonwovens |
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Nonwoven Fabric is a fabric-like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor...
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| x Moleskin |
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Moleskin, originally referring to the short, silky fur of a mole, is heavy cotton fabric, woven and then sheared to create a short soft pile on one side. The word is also used for clothing made from this fabric. It is also used in adhesive pads...
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| x Plush |
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Plush (from French peluche) is a textile having a cut nap or pile the same as fustian or velvet.
Originally the pile of plush consisted of mohair or worsted yarn, but now silk by itself or with a cotton backing is used for plush, the distinction...
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| x Polar fleece |
Polar fleece (also known as microfleece or micrafleece), usually referred to simply as "fleece," is a soft napped insulating synthetic wool fabric made from PET or other synthetic fibres. One of the first forms was Polar Fleece created in 1979 by...
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| x Carding |
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Carding is a mechanical process that breaks up locks and unorganized clumps of fiber and then aligns the individual fibers so that they are more or less parallel with each other. These ordered fibers can then be passed on to other processes that are...
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| x Textile bleaching |
Bleaching is then necessary to give the clean white appearance to
the cloth. Cotton is ordinarily bleached by using a solution of cloride
of lime. Linen comes off the loom much darker than cotton
and requires more time and care to bleach. Grass...
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| x Woodblock printing |
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Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper. As a method of printing on cloth, the earliest...
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| x Textile printing |
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The cloth to be printed is run through a
printing machine the rollers of which are engraved with the design to
be transferred to the fabric. There is a different roller for each
color used. Illustration XVII-12 is typical of the printed materials...
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| x Machine embroidery |
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Machine embroidery is now so heavily utilized for product branding, corporate advertising, uniform adornment and also for personal sewing and craft projects by hobbyists that the word "embroidery" is now generally more readily associated with forms...
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| x Batik |
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Batik (Javanese pronunciation: [ˈbateʔ]; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈbaːtik]; English: /ˈbætɪk/ or /bəˈtiːk/) is cloth which traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique. Due to modern advances in the textile industry, the term has been...
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| x Mercerizing |
Named after an English textile manufacturer who invented the process of strengthening a material, namely cotton, by treating with a substance that will give the material strength and in some cases lends a silky appearance.
see http://encyclopedia...
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| x Mercerized cotton |
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Mercerisation is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that gives fabric a lustrous appearance. The process is applied to materials like cotton or hemp.
The process was devised in 1844 by John Mercer of Great Harwood, Lancashire, England, who...
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| x Linen |
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Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.
Textiles in a linen...
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| x Wool |
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Wool is a fibrous protein derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles. Wool is taken from animals in the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals including: goats, llamas, and rabbits may also...
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| x Bamboo |
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The bamboos listen (help·info) are a group of woody perennial evergreen (except for certain temperate species) plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Some are giant bamboos, the largest members of the...
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| x Burlap |
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Hessian (or burlap in the U.S.) is a coarse woven fabric usually made from jute or other vegetable fibers.
The name 'burlap' appears to be of unknown origin. The name 'hessian' is attributed to the use of the fabric, initially, as part of the...
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| x Jute |
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Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Tiliaceae.
Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced...
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| x Angora wool |
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Angora wool or angora fiber refers to the downy coat produced by the Angora rabbit. While their names are similar, angora fiber is distinct from mohair, which comes from the Angora goat. Angora is known for its softness, low micron count (i.e. thin...
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| x Cashmere wool |
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A soft, twilled weave in beautiful shades and sometimes woven-in
figures. Attractive and durable for women's dresses and for children's
and infants' wear. Wool is obtained from the Cashmere goat.
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| x Manila hemp |
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Manila hemp, also known as manilla, is a type of fiber obtained from the leaves of the abacá (Musa textilis), a relative of the banana. It is mostly used for pulping for a range of uses, including speciality papers. It was once used mainly to make...
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| x Hemp |
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Hemp (from Old English hænep) is the name of the soft, durable fiber that is cultivated from plants of the Cannabis genus, cultivated only for industrial (non-drug) use.
In modern times, industrial hemp has been used for industrial purposes...
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| x Rayon |
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Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally occurring polymers, it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic fiber. Rayon is known by the names viscose rayon and art...
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| x Nylon |
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Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides and first produced on February 28, 1935 by Wallace Carothers at DuPont. Nylon is one of the most commonly used polymers.
Nylon is a thermoplastic silky...
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| x Polyester |
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Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters...
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| x Suede |
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Suede is a type of leather with a napped finish. However, it can also refer to a similar napped or brushed finish on many kinds of fabrics. The term comes from the French "gants de Suède", which literally means "gloves of Sweden".
Suede leather is...
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| x Sizing |
Sizing or size is a substance that is applied to materials as a protecting glaze, filler, or lubricant. It is used to change surface properties in papermaking, gilding, and the manufacture of textiles and fiberglass.
Sizing is used on cellosic...
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| x Calendaring |
The process of pressing fabric between rollers
or plates to smooth and glaze.
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| x Chintz |
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Chintz is calico cloth printed with flowers and other devices in different colors. The word Calico is derived from the name of the Indian city Calicut (Kozhikkode in native Malayalam) to which it had a manufacturing association.
Chintz was...
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| x Sea silk |
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Sea silk is an extremely fine, rare and valuable fabric produced from the long silky filaments or byssus secreted by a gland in the foot of several bivalve mollusks (particularly Pinna nobilis L.) by which they attach themselves to the sea bed.
Sea...
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| x Flannel |
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Flannel is a soft woven fabric, of various fineness. It usually doesn't have a nap, and instead gains its softness through the loosely spun yarn it is woven from. It is commonly used to make clothing, bed sheets, and sleepwear.
Flannel was...
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