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Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
The Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research is one of the prizes awarded by the Lasker Foundation for the understanding, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cure of disease. The award frequently precedes a Nobel Prize in Medicine: almost 50% of the winners have gone on to win one.
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Albert Szent-Györgyi
Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt (September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the...
Oswald Avery
Oswald Theodore Avery (October 21, 1877 – 2 February 1955) was a Canadian-born American physician and medical researcher. The major part of his career was spent at the Rockefeller University Hospital in New York City. Avery was one of the first...
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Carl Ferdinand Cori
Carl Ferdinand Cori (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was an Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo...
Homer Smith
Dr Homer William Smith (January 2, 1895 – March 25, 1962) was an American physiologist and an advocate for science. His research work focused on the kidney and he discovered inulin at the same time as A.N. Richards. Dr. Smith authored several books...
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Karl F. Meyer
Karl Friedrich Meyer (19 May 1884–27 April 1974) was an American scientist of Swiss origin. He was one of the most prodigious scientists in many areas of infectious diseases in man and animals, the ecology of pathogens, epidemiology and public...
Selman Waksman
Selman Abraham Waksman (22 July 1888 – 16 August 1973) was a American biochemist and microbiologist whose research into organic substances—largely into organisms that live in soil—and their decomposition promoted the discovery of Streptomycin, and...
Hans Adolf Krebs
Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German born British physician and biochemist. Krebs is best known for his identification of two important metabolic cycles: the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle. The latter, the key...
Michael Heidelberger
Michael Heidelberger (April 29, 1888 – June 25, 1991) was an American immunologist who is regarded as the father of modern immunology. He and Oswald Avery showed that the polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling him to show that...
John Franklin Enders
John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1897 – September 8, 1985) was an American medical scientist and Nobel laureate. Enders had been called "The Father of Modern vaccines."
Enders was born in West Hartford, Connecticut and was educated at the Noah...
Edwin B. Astwood
Dr. Edwin Bennett Astwood (December 19, 1909 – February 17, 1976) was a Bermudian-American physiologist and endocrinologist, his research on endocrine system led to treatments for hyperthyroidism.
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Vincent du Vigneaud
Vincent du Vigneaud (May 18, 1901 – December 11, 1978) was an American biochemist. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1955 for the isolation, structural identification and total synthesis of the cyclic peptide oxytocin.
Vigneaud graduated from...
Karl Paul Link
Karl Paul Gerhard Link (31 January 1901 - 21 November 1978) was an American biochemist best known for his discovery of the anticoagulant warfarin.
He was born in LaPorte, Indiana to a Lutheran minister of German descent as one of ten children. He...
Carl J. Wiggers
Carl J. Wiggers was an eminent cardiovascular phsysiologist and was the 21st president of the American Physiological Society. He is the author of the Wiggers diagram, a diagram commonly used in the teaching of cardiovascular physiology.
APS...
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André Frédéric Cournand
André Frédéric Cournand (September 24, 1895 – February 19, 1988) was a French physician and physiologist.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 along with Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards for the development of...
Francis O. Schmitt
Francis O. Schmitt (1903–1995) was an American biologist and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Schmitt received an A.B. in 1924 and a Ph.D. in 1927 from Washington University During a summer research program at the...
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Frederick Sanger
Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and twice a Nobel laureate in chemistry. He is the fourth (and only living) person to have been awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Sanger was born in Rendcomb, a small village...
Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
Heinz Ludwig Fraenkel-Conrat (July 29, 1910 – April 10, 1999) was a biochemist, famous for his viral research.
Fraenkel-Conrat was born in Breslau/Germany and received an MD from the University of Breslau in 1933. Due to the rise of Nazism in...
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George Wells Beadle
George Wells Beadle (October 22, 1903 – June 9, 1989) was an American scientist in the field of genetics, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel laureate who with Edward Lawrie Tatum discovered the role of genes in regulating biochemical...
Theodore Puck
Theodore Puck (September 24, 1916 – November 6, 2005) was an American geneticist born in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Chicago public schools and obtained his bachelors and masters degree from the University of Chicago.
Puck was an early pioneer of...
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Irvine Page
Irvine Heinly Page (January 7, 1901 - June 10, 1991) was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and was an American physiologist who played an important part in the field of hypertension for almost 60 years.
His first contributions were published in the...
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Albert Coons
Dr. Albert Hewett Coons (June 28, 1912 – September 30, 1978) was an American pathologist and immunologist. He developed immunofluorescent techniques for labeling antibodies in the early 1940s that are a mainstay of modern cell biology.
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Jules T. Freund
Jules T Freund (1890 – 1960) was an Hungarian-born American immunologist.
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Frank Macfarlane Burnet
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, OM, AK, KBE (3 September 1899 – 31 August 1985), usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology. Burnet received his M.D. degree from the University...
Lionel Penrose
Lionel Sharples Penrose, FRS (11 June 1898 - 12 May 1972) was a British psychiatrist, medical geneticist, mathematician and chess theorist, who carried out pioneering work on the genetics of mental retardation. He was educated at the Quaker Leighton...
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James Hillier
James Hillier OC (August 22, 1915 – January 15, 2007) was a Canadian-born scientist and inventor who designed and built, with Albert Prebus, the first successful high-resolution electron microscope in North America in 1938.
Born in Brantford,...
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James V. Neel
James Van Gundia Neel (March 22, 1915 – February 1, 2000) was a geneticist who played a key role in the development of human genetics as a field of research in the United States. He made important contributions to the emergence of genetic...
Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004), was a British molecular biologist, physicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953, together with James D...
James D. Watson
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, best known as one of the two co-discoverers of the structure of DNA, with Francis Crick, in 1953. Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel...
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was an English molecular biologist, and Nobel Laureate who contributed research in the fields of phosphorescence, radar, isotope separation, and X-ray diffraction. He was...
Choh Hao Li
Choh Hao Li (sometimes Cho Hao Li) (Chinese: 李卓皓; pinyin: Lǐ Zhuōhào) (April 21 1913—November 28, 1987) was a Chinese-born U.S. biochemist who discovered, in 1966, that human pituitary growth hormone (somatotropin) consists of a chain of 256 amino...
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Francis Peyton Rous
(Francis) Peyton Rous (October 5, 1879 – February 16, 1970) born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1879 and received his B.A. and M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He was involved in the discovery of the role of viruses in the transmission of certain...
George Wald
George Wald (November 18, 1906 – April 12, 1997) was an American scientist who is best known for his work with pigments in the retina. He won a share of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit.
As...
Bernard Brodie
Bernard Beryl Brodie, a leading researcher on drug therapy, is considered by many to be the founder of modern pharmacology and brought the field to prominence in the 1940s and 1950's. He was a major figure in the field of drug metabolism, the study...
Har Gobind Khorana
Har Gobind Khorana, or Hargobind Khorana Hindi: हरगोविंद खुराना, (Punjabi: ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਖੁਰਾਨਾ , born January 9, 1922) is an Indian American molecular biologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Robert W. Holley...
Marshall Warren Nirenberg
Marshall Warren Nirenberg (born April 10, 1927) is a U.S. biochemist and geneticist. He shared a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with Har Gobind Khorana and Robert W. Holley for describing the genetic code and how it operates in...
Robert W. Holley
Robert William Holley (January 28, 1922 – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.
Holley...
Alfred Hershey
Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 – May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist and geneticist.
He was born in Owosso, Michigan and received his B.S. in chemistry at Michigan State University in 1930 and his Ph.D. in...
René Dubos
René Jules Dubos (February 20, 1901 – February 20, 1982) was a French-American microbiologist, experimental pathologist, environmentalist, humanist, and winner of the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for his book So Human An Animal. He is...
Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.
Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. (November 19, 1915 – March 9, 1974) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist. Sutherland was born in Burlingame, Kansas. He won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 "for his discoveries concerning the...
Charles Yanofsky
Charles Yanofsky (born April 17, 1925) is a leading American geneticist.
Born in New York, Yanofsky studied at the City College of New York and at Yale University.
In 1964, Yanofsky and colleagues established that gene sequences and protein...
Renato Dulbecco
Renato Dulbecco (born February 22, 1914) is an Italian virologist who won a 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on reverse transcriptase. In 1973 he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together...
George Emil Palade
George Emil Palade (November 19, 1912 – October 7, 2008) was a Romanian cell biologist. In 1974, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve, for discovering the vacuole.
Palade also received the U.S....
Sol Spiegelman
Sol Spiegelman (14 December 1914 - 20 January 1983) was an American molecular biologist. He developed the technique of nucleic acid hybridization, which helped to lay the groundwork for advances in recombinant DNA technology.
Spiegelman was born and...
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Howard Martin Temin
Howard Martin Temin (December 10, 1934 – February 9, 1994) was a U.S. geneticist. Along with Renato Dulbecco and David Baltimore he discovered reverse transcriptase in the 1970s at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, for which he shared the 1975...
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (born July 19, 1921) is an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique.
Born in New York City to Simon Sussman and...
Andrzej W. Schally
Andrzej "Andrew" Viktor Schally (born November 30, 1926) is a Polish-born American endocrinologist and Nobel Prize laureate (1977) in medicine.
Schally was born in Wilno, Second Polish Republic (now Vilnius, Lithuania), as the son of Gen. Brigadier...
Roger Guillemin
Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (born January 11, 1924 in Dijon, Bourgogne, France) received the National Medal of Science in 1976, and Nobel prize for medicine in 1977 for his work on neurohormones.
Completing his undergraduate work at the University...
Hans Kosterlitz
Hans Walter Kosterlitz (27 April 1903 – 26 October 1996) was a German-born British biologist, who graduated Dr. med in Berlin. He settled in Scotland and took a DSc at the University of Aberdeen where he was, for many years, Reader in Physiology....
