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André Breton
André Breton (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃]) (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the principal founder of Surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure...
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Charles Baudelaire
Charles Pierre Baudelaire (English pronunciation: /ˈboʊdəlɛər/,French: [ʃaʁl bodlɛʁ]) (9 April 1821 - 31 August 1867) was a nineteenth century French poet, critic, and translator. A controversial figure in his lifetime, Baudelaire's name has become...
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Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (May/June c.1265 – September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. The name Dante is, according to the words of Jacopo Alighieri, an hypocorism for Durante. Into the original documents it was...
Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot (October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment and is best known for serving as chief editor of and contributor to the creation of the Encyclopédie....
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeɔʁk ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡəl]) (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism, and along with Immanuel Kant, one of the most...
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Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism. Marx...
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Tristan Tzara
Tristan Tzara (French pronunciation: [tʁistɑ̃ d͡zaˈʁa]; born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; April 16 [O.S. April 4] 1896–December 25, 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active...
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Guillaume Apollinaire
Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki, known as Guillaume Apollinaire (French pronunciation: [ɡijom apɔliˈnɛʁ]; Rome, August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918, Paris) was a French poet, writer and art critic born in Italy to a Polish mother....
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Comte de Lautréamont
Comte de Lautréamont (French pronunciation: [lotʁeaˈmɔ̃]) was the pseudonym of Isidore Lucien Ducasse (April 4, 1846–November 24, 1870), an Uruguayan-born French poet.
His only works, Les Chants de Maldoror and Poésies, had a major influence on...
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Arthur Rimbaud
Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (pronounced /ræmˈboʊ/; French pronunciation: [aʁtyʁ ʁɛ̃ˈbo]) (20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville, Ardennes. As part of the decadent movement, his influence on modern literature,...
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Alexandre Kojève
Alexandre Kojève (Russian: Александр Владимирович Кожевников, Aleksandr Vladimirovič Koževnikov; April 28, 1902 – June 4, 1968) was a Russian Marxist-Hegelian philosopher and statesman whose philosophical seminars had an immense influence on...
