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Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo (pronounced /ˈɔːɡəstiːn/ or /ɒˈɡʌstɨn/) (Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis;) (November 13, 354 – August 28, 430), Bishop of Hippo Regius, also known as St. Augustine or St. Austin, was a Berber philosopher and theologian.
Augustine, a Latin church father, is one of the most...
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Anselm of Canterbury
Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033 – 21 April 1109) was a Benedictine monk, an Italian medieval philosopher, theologian, and church official who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. Called the founder of scholasticism, he is...
Edmund Husserl
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (German pronunciation: [ˈhʊsɛʁl]; April 8, 1859, Prostějov, Moravia, Austrian Empire – April 26, 1938, Freiburg, Germany) was a philosopher who is deemed the founder of phenomenology. He broke with the positivist...
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Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (German pronunciation: [ˈlaɪpnɪts]; also Leibniz or von Leibniz; 1 July 1646 [OS: 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German philosopher, polymath and mathematician who wrote primarily in Latin and French.
He occupies a...
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
Described by Bertrand Russell...
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Martin Luther
Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) initiated the Protestant Reformation. As a priest and theology professor, he confronted indulgence salesmen with his The Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. Luther strongly disputed their claim that...
Petrarch
Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism". Based on Petrarch's works, as well as...
René Descartes
René Descartes (French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt]), (31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650), also known as Renatus Cartesius (Latinized form), was a French philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch...
Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas, O.P. (also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino; born ca. 1225; died 7 March 1274) was a priest of the Roman Catholic Church in the Dominican Order from Italy, and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of...
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Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) (German pronunciation: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪ̯dɛɡɐ]) was an influential German philosopher. His best known book, Being and Time, is considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of the...
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Duns Scotus
Blessed John (Johannes) Duns Scotus, O.F.M. (c. 1266 – December 8, 1308) was one of the more important theologians and philosophers of the High Middle Ages. He was nicknamed Doctor Subtilis for his penetrating and subtle manner of thought.
Scotus...
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Hannah Arendt
Hannah Arendt (October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was an influential German-Jewish political theorist. She has often been described as a philosopher, although she refused that label on the grounds that philosophy is concerned with "man in the...
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Count Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (February 24, 1463 – November 17, 1494) was an Italian Renaissance philosopher. He is famed for the events of 1486, when at the age of 23, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural...
Giambattista Vico
Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) Vico or Vigo (23 June 1668 – 23 January 1744) was an Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist. A critic of modern rationalism and apologist of classical antiquity, Vico's magnum opus is titled ...
Nicolas Malebranche
Nicolas Malebranche (August 6, 1638 – October 13, 1715) was a French Oratorian and rationalist philosopher. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of St. Augustine and Descartes, in order to demonstrate the active role of God in every...
Eric Voegelin
Eric Voegelin, born Erich Hermann Wilhelm Vögelin, (January 3, 1901 – January 19, 1985) was a political philosopher. He was born in Cologne, Germany, and educated in political science at the University of Vienna. His advisers on his dissertation...
Joseph de Maistre
Joseph-Marie, comte de Maistre (1 April 1753 – 26 February 1821) was a French-speaking Savoyard lawyer, diplomat, writer, and philosopher. He was the most influential spokesmen for hierarchical authoritarianism in the period immediately following...
Emanuel Swedenborg
Emanuel Swedenborg (help·info) (born Emanuel Swedberg; January 29, 1688–March 29, 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic, and theologian. Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. At the age of fifty-six he...
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Antonio Negri
Antonio "Toni" Negri (born August 1, 1933) is an Italian Marxist sociologist and political philosopher.
Negri is perhaps best-known for his co-authorship of Empire and his work on Spinoza. Born in Padua, he became a political philosophy professor in...
George Grant
George Parkin Grant OC, D.Phil., FRSC (Toronto, November 13, 1918 - Halifax, Nova Scotia, September 27, 1988) was a Canadian philosopher, teacher and political commentator, whose popular appeal peaked in the late 1960s and 1970s. He is best known...
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Alasdair MacIntyre
Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (born 12 January 1929 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a leading philosopher primarily known for his contribution to moral and political philosophy but known also for his work in history of philosophy and theology. He is the O...
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Hubert Dreyfus
Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (born October 15, 1929 in Terre Haute, Indiana to Stanley S. and Irene Lederer Dreyfus), is a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. His main interests include phenomenology, existentialism and the...
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Gordon Clark
Gordon Haddon Clark (August 31, 1902 – April 9, 1985) was an American philosopher and Calvinist theologian. He was a primary advocate for the idea of presuppositional apologetics and was chairman of the Philosophy Department at Butler University for...
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Johannes Scotus Eriugena
Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 815–877) (also Johannes Scotus Erigena, Johannes Scottus Eriugena, John the Irishman), was an Irish theologian, Neoplatonist philosopher, and poet. He is known for having translated and made commentaries upon the work of...
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John Hick
Professor John Harwood Hick (born Yorkshire, England, 1922) is a philosopher of religion and theologian. In philosophical theology, he has made contributions in the areas of theodicy, eschatology, and Christology, and in the philosophy of religion...
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R. C. Sproul
Robert Charles Sproul, (born 1939 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American Calvinist theologian and pastor. He is the founder and chairman of Ligonier Ministries (named after the Ligonier Valley just outside of Pittsburgh, where the ministry...
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Josef Pieper
Josef Pieper (May 4, 1904- November 6, 1997) was a German Catholic philosopher, at the forefront of the Neo-Thomistic wave in twentieth century Catholic philosophy. Among his most notable works are The Four Cardinal Virtues, Leisure, the Basis of...
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Juan Donoso Cortés
Juan Donoso Cortés, marqués de Valdegamas (May 6, 1809 – May 3, 1853), Spanish author and diplomatist, was born at Valle de la Serena (Extremadura).
He studied law at Seville, and entered politics as an advanced liberal under the influence of...
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George Campbell
George Campbell (December 25, 1719 – April 6, 1796) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, minister, theologian, and professor of divinity. Campbell had three focuses to his intellectual life: language, theology, and rhetoric. He was primarily...
Cornelius Van Til
Cornelius Van Til (May 3, 1895 – April 17, 1987), born in Grootegast, the Netherlands, was a Christian philosopher, Reformed theologian, and presuppositional apologist.
Van Til (born Kornelis van Til in Grootegast, Holland) was the sixth son of Ite...
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Kevin Vanhoozer
Kevin J. Vanhoozer (b. 1957) is Blanchard Professor of theology at Wheaton College and the author of several books on theology, hermeneutics, and culture. From 1998 to 2009 he served as research professor of systematic theology at Trinity...
Julius Thomas Fraser
J. T. Fraser (born: May 7, 1923 in Budapest, Hungary) has made important scholarly contributions to the interdisciplinary Study of Time and is a founding member of the International Society for the Study of Time. His work has strongly influenced...
