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Bird

Bird

Birds (class Aves) are winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), vertebrate animals that lay eggs. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Birds range in size from the...
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Population genetics of selected Appalachian species

Collecting specimens of selected taxa throughout the Appalachian chain, to assess genetic diversity.

Project start and end dates:

  • 2006

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Still collecting data in NE states.
  • ,
  • One grad student will analyze VEER song differences across range and relate to genetic data.

Cherokee National Forest Fall Migrant Bird Banding

Objective: To pool the data of 3 volunteers from long-term high elevation banding stations and examine species trends, relate trends with habitat variables, and examine trends within individual species such as longevity, return data, differences in...

Project start and end dates:

  • 1990

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Just beginning trend analysis.

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Northern Saw-whet Owl Surveys

We surveyed sites where others (notably Mark Simpson) had found birds in years past and some new sites. Primary objective was to see if birds were still at same locations and to see if we could find any new locations.

Project start and end dates:

  • 2004

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Comments:

  • Narrative available for 2005

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttatus, and Veery, C. fuscescens, habitat associations in a dynamic Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Forest

Project start and end dates:

  • Apr 2009

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Other key personnel:

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Comments:

  • Study will begin in spring 2009

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Generic focal land cover:

Behavorial Study of the Breeding Season of the Alder Flycather, Empidonax alnorum, on Roan Mountain

Project Objective: To determine the breeding history on Roan Mt (TN/NC), behavior, and habitat requirements

Project start and end dates:

  • 1987

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Comments:

  • MS thesis contains details.

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Flycatcher arrival dates established, territories were located, bird’s behavior observed, nest monitored

Natural History of the Northern Saw-Whet Owl, Aegolius acadicus, in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Placement of nest boxes on Roan & Unaka mountains, monitoring of singing owls, monitoring of breeding success, recording prey items brought to nest, record of nest parasites, comparison with outer populations, some birds captured and measured.

Project start and end dates:

  • 1993

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Comments:

  • Study published in MS thesis
  • ,
  • Manuscript in preparation for submission.

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Data collected on nesting cycle, clutch size, incubation times, egg sizes, food cached and brought to nests, parasites, surrounding vegetation.

Avian Populations of the High Altitude Red Spruce Forest and Associated Northern Hardwoods on Unaka Mountain, Unicoi County, Tennessee

Recording of all avian species in the habitats at 4,100 feet and above over all seasons with special emphasis on Magnolia Warbler and Northern Saw-Whet Owl in the breeding season.

Project start and end dates:

  • 1991

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Comments:

  • Nesting of Saw-Whet Owl published in The Migrant; thesis unpublished

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Annotated species list compiled, 9.9 hectare breeding bird plot established, species densities computed/compared with similar locations in the literature, Magnolia Warblers detected in breeding seasons, first nesting of N. Saw-Whet Owl confirmed in nesting box for Tennessee.

Habitat analysis and survey of the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius, in the Southern Appalachians

Project start and end dates:

  • 1999

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Results published in M.S. Master Thesis: electronic version on line ETSU

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Several sapsucker territories were located in Washington Co., VA, some nests were monitored, habitat descriptions were compiled.

Changes in the spruce-fir avifauna of Mt. Guyot, Tennessee, 1967-1985

Comparative breeding bird census

Project start and end dates:

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Breeding birds on 60 acre plot compared with previous work on same plot w/changes in vegetation noted

Generic focal land cover:

Breeding habitats and biology of the Golden-winged Warbler in the Appalachian highlands of upper East Tennessee

Objective: Estimate breeding population, locate and describe nests & contents, describe vegetation/habitat

Project start and end dates:

  • 1996

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Study described in MS thesis

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Population estimate, number of territorial males, nest searches/monitoring, vegetation data.

A breeding bird census of the spruce habitat on Whitetop Mountain, Virginia

Objective: Estimate breeding population, locate and describe nests & contents, describe vegetation/habitat on Whitetop Mountain, VA.

Project start and end dates:

  • 1993

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Study described in MS thesis

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Breeding bird survey, population estimate, number of territorial males, nest searches/monitoring, vegetation data.

Generic focal land cover:

A breeding bird census of boreal forest habitat on Roan Mountain, Mitchell County, North Carolina

Objective: Estimate breeding population, locate and describe nests & contents, describe vegetation/habitat

Project start and end dates:

  • 1979

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Other key personnel:

Associated publication(s):

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Study summarized in MS thesis

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Breeding bird survey, population estimate, number of territorial males, nest searches/monitoring, vegetation data.

Generic focal land cover:

Investigation of Cliffs and Cliff-nesting Birds of the Southern Appalachians

A systematic aerial survey of cliffs and cliff use by birds was conducted throughout a significant portion of the southern Appalachian Mountains covering nearly all of the mountains of Virginia a small portion of Kentucky, and the spine of the...

Project start and end dates:

  • May 5, 2006

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Partner agency/organization(s):

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • One of the benefits of the systematic approach used in this survey is the documentation that exposed rock surfaces are not evenly or randomly distributed throughout the study area. The survey allowed for the delineation of 6 geographic areas that contain dominant rock formations that will not be degraded over time by vegetation and multiple surfaces that appear appropriate for nesting.

Generic focal land cover:

Allegheny Highlands IBA Golden-winged Warbler Surveys

Determine distribution and abundance of Golden-winged Warblers to support IBA nomination

Project start and end dates:

  • Jun 1, 2005
  • ,
  • Jun 1, 2006

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Digital locations available but may not have been collected by GPS.

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Pine Mountain, Powell Mountain, Stone Mountain IBA Surveys

Objective: Provide baseline inventory of avian community to support IBA nomination

Project start and end dates:

  • May 8, 2006

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Status Assessment of Golden-winged Warblers and Bewick’s Wrens in Virginia

The purpose of this report is to provide a rapid assessment of Golden-winged Warblers and Bewick’s Wren in Virginia. Specifically we determined 1) species’ distributions, 2) habitat use and requirements, and 3) the amount of geographic...

Project start and end dates:

  • 2006

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Blue-winged Warblers were detected in all but one county where Golden-winged Warblers occurred. The two species distributions overlapped in elevation but differed somewhat in habitat use.

VA Department of Game and Inland Fisheries Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Breeding Bird Surveys

Provide baseline inventory of avian community, evaluate effects of management actions and assess habitat use

Project start and end dates:

  • May 2005

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Data have not been analyzed

Shenandoah NPS Priority Bird Species Monitoring

Objective: monitor abundance of priority species

Project start and end dates:

  • 2007

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Comments:

  • Breeding season 2007 - temporarily suspended.

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Inventory of Bird Communities within High Elevation Sites of Virginia

Objective:  to conduct baseline surveys of high-elevation bird communities in Virginia

Project start and end dates:

  • 2005

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • 2005-2007 breeding seasons
  • ,
  • Analysis in progress

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Comparison of Black-capped and Carolina Chickadee

An extensive project (my MS Thesis) to map the ranges of Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees and their hybrids over the full extent of the the former's range in North Carolina. Method was by mapping their calls (the &quot...

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Survey of Northern Saw Whet Owls during autumn migration in the Southern Appalachians

Objective: Identify, quantify and gather health condition data on Northern Saw Whet Owls in the blue ridge of the southern Appalachians, specifically on Big Bald Mountain, Madison County, NC

Project start and end dates:

  • Aug 2004

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Comments:

  • Project ongoing as of Fall 2008

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • NSWO may nest on Big Bald. An investigation of probable nest locations is planned.

NCWRC Cold Mountain Game Land Bird Survey

Objective: Inventory and monitoring of bird community on mid to high elevation game land (Cold Mountain Game Land, Haywood County, NC).

Project start and end dates:

  • 2003

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Comments:

  • Project on-going

Data collection method(s):

Monongahela National Forest Point Count Surveys

Point count survey routes run annually for 1) long-term trend data and 2) to assess changes in breeding bird community as related to land management activities.

Project start and end dates:

  • 1993

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Other key personnel:

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • WVDNR enters data in a combined database with their point counts
  • ,
  • Approximately 40 of the routes on the Forest are in NH/Spruce habitats (at least a portion of the route). Most of these are run by the Forest (i.e., routes are either run by Forest biologists, or contracted out by the Forest), but some are run out of the WVDNR. Of the Forest-run routes, six have been run for > 10 years, with another five having been run for 6-9 years.

Data manager:

Monongahela National Forest Northern Goshawk Surveys

Goshawk surveys conducted for: 1) clearance of project areas, 2) historical nest site checks, 3) high potential habitat forestwide surveys

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Other key personnel:

Lead agency/organization:

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Historic nest sites have been tracked since 1989
  • ,
  • Some parallel research with banding and satellite transmitters.

Data manager:

Characteristics of Golden-winged Warbler Nest Microhabitat

Project start and end dates:

  • 2008

Locations georeferenced?:

  • No

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Comments:

  • In addition to the ongoing study, Forest biologists have begun doing callback surveys in potential habitat across the Forest

Allegheny Front Migration Observatory

The Allegheny Front Migration Observatory (AFMO), located in Grant County, West Virginia, has completed its 49th year of bird banding.  The 50th season starts August 11, 2007 and ends October 13, 2007.

Project start and end dates:

  • 1958

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Data collection method(s):

Purchase Knob MAPS Station

Objective: monitor bird productivity and survivorship in northern hardwood/red oak habitat, along with regenerating field species (4,700’ elevation)

Project start and end dates:

  • 2002

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • Run mostly by volunteers and GSMNP staff; was discontinued for lack of GSMNP staff time availability.

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Generic focal land cover:

Balsam Mountain MAPS Station

Objective: monitor bird productivity and survivorship in spruce-fir forest on Blue Ridge Parkway

Project start and end dates:

  • 2008

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • One NSWO captured in 2008.

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Generic focal land cover:

Mountian to Sea Trail construction effects on Northern Saw-whet Owl

Objective: To assess impacts to the local saw whet owl population caused by construction of the Mountains To Sea Trail and by increased levels of human activity as a result of trail use. Attempted to document population density, territory placement,...

Project start and end dates:

  • 2000

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Vegetation data collected?:

  • No

Comments:

  • Year 1 study of planned three year study. I do not know if the subsequent, post-trail construction study was implemented.
  • ,
  • Density - Estimates based on area along transect encompassing maximum detection distance (i.e., distance within which detection is thought to be 100%).
  • ,
  • Territory spacing in relation to disturbances- Disturbance categories included motor vehicles, daytime human pedestrian activity along trails and parking areas, night time human activity at camping and residential areas, and barred and great horned owl activity.

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • Results suggest that barred owl activity and certain types of human activity may discourage saw whet owls from locating their breeding season territories where these disturbances are present.

Breeding biology of the Southern Appalachian Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

Objective: Determine breeding habitat, distribution, nest site selection, territory sizes and gather any behavioral data.

Other key personnel:

Lead contact person(s):

Partner agency/organization(s):

Comments:

  • funding provided mainly by USFWS, NC Museum of Natural Sciences, and Mars Hill College; logistic help from NPS. We did a broad “So. App” survey with staff plus volunteers; also did the focal study at 3 sites in NC.

Results summary:

  • nests found from 3m to 20m high, but mostly below 15m; snag dbh’s were 25-35 cm; clutch size in 2004 was 6, for nearly 50 nests (almost no variation really); in 2005 it was 5, likely due to two hard freezes during nest excavation period.
  • ,
  • birds are selecting northern hardwoods, and areas on slopes just below the rim, and NOT down in the “bowl”; nest sites are in the largest trees within a plot; cavities are made in dead or mostly dead snags in live trees.
  • ,
  • Sugar Maple, Black Locust, and Red Maple were preferred nest trees; some nests within 100m of each other, but birds foraged wider; seemed to “skip” over territories to get to certain “feeding” trees; hickories used extensively early in spring, after which they used sugar and red maple’s, red oak, yellow poplar and others; Serviceberry a very important component of food to nestlings in June.
  • ,
  • we noted intense nest competition/usurpation by the squirrels; at least one banded pair has returned to the same territory/snag 3 years in a row.

Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrants in the Southern Appalachians

This study seeks to develop an ecosystem level approach to understanding the conservation needs of Neotropical migratory birds in the southern Appalachians. Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) is being established as a control site for...

Project start and end dates:

  • 1996

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Data collection method(s):

Data manager:

Results summary:

  • For all years combined we established and censused 4,159 independent plots and conducted 3,414 repeat counts. In total, we recorded 74,797 individuals of 115 species. The increase in the total number of species observed over time is due to increased census coverage of the park, particularly in unique areas such as Cades Cove and The Purchase.
  • ,
  • We did not detect any major differences in bird community composition or abundance between years. The relative abundance of some species did change from year to year, but these changes are consistent with differences in the sampling locations for each year.
  • ,
  • In 1998 we combined census data with variables from the GRSM Geographic Information System (GIS) database to develop a logistic regression model for Wood Thrush. The model predicts the probability of detecting a Wood Thrush as a function of several habitat and topographic variables.

The effects of landscape pattern, core areas, and forest managment practices on avian communities in the Southern Appalachians

This study expands an avian community study in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) to include U.S. Forest Service lands adjacent to the Park. GRSM will be used as a control site to examine breeding populations of forest...

Project start and end dates:

  • 1997

Locations georeferenced?:

  • Yes

Focal taxa:

Database software:

Vegetation data collected?:

  • Yes

Partner agency/organization(s):

Data manager:

Evaluating electrocution risks and the effectiveness of avian protection measures on power lines

Surveys are conducted for a major electric utility evaluating electrocution risks and the effectiveness of avian protection measures on power lines.  Surveyors walk power lines and record data on avian use, mortalities, and protection measures...

Project start and end dates:

  • Mar 2009

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Lead contact person(s):

Project location(s):

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Data collection method(s):

Birds and Climate Change: On the Move

Audubon scientists analyzed 40 years of citizen-science Christmas Bird Count data — and their findings provide new and powerful evidence that global warming is having a serious impact on natural systems. Northward movement was detected among...

Focal taxa:

Lead agency/organization:

Project location(s):

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