The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, was the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on the capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors. It was called the Roman Empire by its inhabitants and its neighbours, and was also known as Romania (Greek: Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía). As the distinction between "Roman Empire" and "Byzantine Empire" is a purely a modern convention, it is not possible to assign a date of separation, but an important...
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The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, was the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on the capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors. It was called the Roman Empire by its inhabitants and its neighbours, and was also known as Romania (Greek: Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía). As the distinction between "Roman Empire" and "Byzantine Empire" is a purely a modern convention, it is not possible to assign a date of separation, but an important point is the Emperor Constantine I's transfer of the capital from Nicomedia (in Anatolia) to Byzantium on the Bosphorus, which became Constantinople (alternatively "New Rome").
The Empire remained one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe, despite setbacks and territorial losses, especially during the Roman–Persian and Byzantine–Arab Wars. The Empire recovered during the Macedonian dynasty, rising again to become the pre-eminent power in the Eastern Mediterranean by the late 10th century. After 1071 however,...
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