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Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ, kardiā, "heart"; and -λογία, -logia) is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The field includes diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and...
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Cardiac arrhythmia
Dysrhythmia is a cause of certain cardiac diseases
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Coronary heart disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD)(or atherosclerotic heart disease) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the coronary arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients....
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Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves (native or prosthetic valves). Other structures which may be involved include the interventricular septum, the chordae tendinae,...
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Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease," is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death...
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Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest, (also known as cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrest) is the cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively., and if this is unexpected can be termed a sudden cardiac arrest or...
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to part of the heart, causing some heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a...
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Myocardial Ischemia
Ischaemic or ischemic heart disease (IHD), or myocardial ischaemia, is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries). Its risk increases with...
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Angina
Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries (the heart's blood vessels). Coronary...
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Heart disease
Heart disease or cardiopathy is an umbrella term for a variety for different diseases affecting the heart. As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death in the United States, England, Canada and Wales, killing one person every 34 seconds in the...
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (also known as Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease or ASVD) is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels, a...
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect which is classically understood to involve four anatomical abnormalities (although only three of them are always present). It is the most common cyanotic heart defect, representing 55-70%, and...
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF) is a condition in which a problem with the structure or function of the heart impairs its ability to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the body's needs. The phrase is often wrongly used to describe other cardiac-related...
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Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) and involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. Its name comes from the fibrillating (i.e. quivering) of the heart muscles of the atria,...
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Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that may develop two to three weeks after a Group A streptococcal infection (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). It is believed to be caused by antibody cross-reactivity and can involve the heart,...
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Myocarditis
In medicine (cardiology), myocarditis is inflammation of heart muscle (myocardium). It resembles a heart attack but coronary arteries are not blocked.
Myocarditis is most often due to infection by common viruses, such as parvovirus B19, less...
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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases is the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system (as used in MeSH), it...
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- Physicians' Health Study ,
- Vitamin E and C to Slow Progression of Common Carotid Artery Plaque Build-up ,
- Hypertension Prevention Trial (HPT) Feasibility Study ,
- Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in Unstable Angina
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Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect wherein a neonate's ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. Symptoms are uncommon but in the first year of life include increased work of breathing and poor weight gain. With age, the...
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Atrial septal defect
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a form of congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. The interatrial septum is the tissue that divides the right and left atria. Without this septum, or...
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Pericarditis
Pericarditis is an inflammation (-itis) of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
Pericarditis can be classified according to the composition of the inflammatory exudate.
Types include:
Pericardiocentesis can be performed to permit...
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Aortic aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm is a general term for any swelling (dilatation or aneurysm) of the aorta, usually representing an underlying weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location. While the stretched vessel may occasionally cause discomfort, a...
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Ventricular septal defect
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.
The ventricular septum consists of an inferior muscular and superior membranous portion and is extensively...
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Dressler's syndrome
Dressler's syndrome is a secondary form of pericarditis that occurs in the setting of injury to the heart or the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart).
Dressler's syndrome is also known as postmyocardial infarction syndrome and postcardiotomy...
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Ebstein's anomaly
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the opening of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.
The annulus of the valve is still in the normal position. The valve leaflets, however, are...
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (also known as HLHS), is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped.
While many authorities believe the cause of HLHS is unknown, recent research indicates that HLHS...
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Myocardial ischaemia
Myocardial ischaemia (American English spelling: 'ischemia') is the pathological loss of or reduction in blood flow (ischemia) to a part of the muscular tissue of the heart (myocardium).
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Persistent truncus arteriosus
Persistent truncus arteriosus (or Truncus arteriosus) is a rare form of congenital heart disease that presents at birth. In this condition, the embryological structure known as the truncus arteriosus never properly divides into the pulmonary artery...
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Tricuspid atresia
Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve. Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. This leads to a hypoplastic (undersized) or absent right...
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Livedoid vasculitis
Livedo reticularis is a common cutaneous finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears like a lace-like purplish discoloration of the lower extremities. The discoloration is caused by swelling of the small veins (venules)...
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Transposition of the great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a group of congenital heart defects (CHDs) involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of the primary arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta). It is a type of transposition of the great vessels, and was first...
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Pulmonary valve stenosis
Pulmonary valve stenosis is a valvular heart disease in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. This results in the reduction of flow of blood to the lungs. Valvular pulmonic...
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Ortner's syndrome
Ortner's syndrome is a rare cardiovocal syndrome and refers to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from cardiovascular disease . It was first described by N. Ortner, an Austrian physician, in 1897.
The most common historical cause is a dilated left...
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Heart valve disease
Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). Valve problems may be congenital (inborn) or acquired (due...
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Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach or VT) is a tachycardia, or fast heart rhythm, that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart. This is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia because it may lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death....
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Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease is a condition where plaques build up within the lumen of coronary arteries decreasing blood supply and oxygenation to the heart.
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Inflammatory heart disease
Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease is the most serious complication of rheumatic fever. Acute rheumatic fever follows 0.3% of cases of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children. As many as 39% of patients with acute rheumatic fever may...
