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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases is the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system (as used in MeSH), it is usually used to refer to those related to...
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Cardiac arrhythmia
Dysrhythmia is a cause of certain cardiac diseases
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Coronary heart disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD)(or atherosclerotic heart disease) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the coronary arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients....
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Transient ischemic attack
A transient ischemic attack (spelled ischaemic in British English) (abbreviated as TIA, often colloquially referred to as “mini stroke”) is a change in the blood supply to a particular area of the brain, resulting in brief neurologic dysfunction...
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Cardiac arrest
A cardiac arrest, also known as cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrest, is the abrupt cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively during systole.
A cardiac arrest is different from (but may...
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to part of the heart, causing some heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a...
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Myocardial Ischemia
Ischaemic or ischemic heart disease (IHD), or myocardial ischaemia, is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries). Its risk increases with...
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Angina
Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries (the heart's blood vessels). Coronary...
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Heart disease
Heart disease or cardiopathy is an umbrella term for a variety for different diseases affecting the heart. As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death in the United States, England, Canada and Wales, killing one person every 34 seconds in the...
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Hypertension
Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure is elevated. It is also referred to as high blood pressure or shortened to HT, HTN or HPN. The word "hypertension", by itself, normally refers to systemic, arterial hypertension...
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (also known as Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease or ASVD) is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels, a...
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF) is a condition in which a problem with the structure or function of the heart impairs its ability to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the body's needs. The phrase is often wrongly used to describe other cardiac-related...
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Aneurysm
An aneurysm or aneurism (from Ancient Greek: ἀνεύρυσμα - aneurusma "dilation", from ἀνευρύνειν - aneurunein "to dilate"), is a localized, blood-filled dilation (balloon-like bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall....
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Peripheral artery occlusive disease
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD) or peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD), includes all diseases caused by the obstruction of large arteries in the arms and legs. PVD can result from...
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Raynaud's phenomenon
In medicine, Raynaud's phenomenon (pronounced /reɪˈnoʊz/, us dict: rā·nōz′) is a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other extremities. This condition can also cause nails to become brittle with...
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Dextrocardia
Dextrocardia is a congenital defect in which the heart is situated on the right side of the body. There are two main types of dextrocardia, dextrocardia of embryonic arrest and dextrocardia situs inversus. Dextrocardia situs inversus is further...
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Stroke
A stroke (sometimes called an acute cerebrovascular attack) is the rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia (lack of glucose & oxygen supply) caused by thrombosis...
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Portal hypertension
In medicine, portal hypertension is hypertension (high blood pressure) in the portal vein and its tributaries.
It is often defined as a portal pressure gradient (the difference in pressure between the portal vein and the hepatic veins) of 5 mm Hg or...
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Raynaud's disease
Raynaud's disease (/ˈreɪ.noʊz/) is a vascular disorder that affects blood flow to the extremities (the fingers, toes, nose and ears) when exposed to cold temperatures or in response to psychological stress. It is named for Maurice Raynaud (1834 -...
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Amaurosis fugax
Amaurosis fugax (Latin fugax meaning fleeting, Greek amaurosis meaning darkening, dark, or obscure) is a transient monocular visual loss.
Prior to 1990, amaurosis fugax could, "clinically, be divided into four identifiable symptom complexes, each...
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Aortic aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm is a general term for any swelling (dilatation or aneurysm) of the aorta, usually representing an underlying weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location. While the stretched vessel may occasionally cause discomfort, a...
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Atheroma
In pathology, an atheroma (plural: atheromata) is an accumulation and swelling (-oma) in artery walls that is made up of cells (mostly macrophage cells), or cell debris, that contain lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium and a variable...
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (also known as AAA, pronounced "triple-a") is a localized dilatation (ballooning) of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by more than 50 percent. It is caused by degeneration of the aortic wall, but the exact...
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Phlebitis
Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.
When phlebitis is associated with the formation of blood clots (thrombosis), usually in the deep veins of the legs, the condition is called thrombophlebitis. These clots can travel to the...
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Buerger's disease
Buerger's disease (also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) is a recurring inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet. It is strongly associated with use of tobacco products, primarily from...
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Takayasu's arteritis
Takayasu's arteritis (also known as "Aortic arch syndrome," and "Pulseless disease") is an inflammatory disease with an unknown cause. It affects the aorta, the main blood vessel from the heart, as well as the blood vessels that attach to it....
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Arteritis
Arteritis (not to be confused with arthritis) is inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or auto-immune response.
Arteritis may be partially caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
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Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock is based upon an adequate circulation of blood due to primary failure of the ventricles of the heart to function effectively.
Since this is numerous category of shock there is insufficient perfusion of tissue (i.e. the heart) to...
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Polymeal
The Polymeal is a diet-based approach to combatting heart disease, proposed in December 2004 by Oscar Franco, a Colombian public health scientist at the University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Franco and his colleagues suggest the ...
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Ellis-van Creveld syndrome
Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome (also called chondroectodermal dysplasia or mesoectodermal dysplasia) is a rare genetic disorder of the skeletal dysplasia type.
It involves numerous anomalies including post-axial polydactyly, congenital heart defects ...
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Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is phlebitis (vein inflammation) related to a thrombus. When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as "Thrombophlebitis migrans" or "migrating thrombophlebitis".
Thrombophlebitis (another medical term is "White...
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Paroxysmal hypertension
Paroxysmal hypertension is episodic high blood pressure, which may be due to stress of any sort or from phaeochromocytoma, a type of tumor involving the adrenal medulla. Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for phaeochromocytoma...
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Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, dyslipidemia or hyperlipidaemia (British English) is the presence of raised or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. Lipids (fatty molecules) are transported in a protein capsule, and the...
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Coronary occlusion
A coronary occlusion is the partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery. This condition may cause a heart attack.
In some patients coronary occlusion causes only mild pain, tightness or vague discomfort which may be ignored:...
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Acrocyanosis
Acrocyanosis refers to a persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well. The principle form of acrocyanosis is that of a benign cosmetic condition...
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Ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular hypertrophy is the enlargement of ventricles (lower chambers) in the heart. Although left ventricular hypertrophy is more common, enlargement can also occur in the right ventricle, or both ventricles.
The ventricles are the chambers in...
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Holiday heart syndrome
Holiday heart syndrome is an irregular heartbeat pattern presented in individuals who are otherwise healthy. It can be the result of stress, dehydration, and drinking. Sometimes associated with binge drinking, the condition can also occur when...
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Congophilic angiopathy
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system. The term congophilic is used because the presence of the...
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Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of the inner surface (lumen) of the carotid artery, usually caused by atherosclerosis .
The carotid artery is the large artery whose pulse can be felt on both sides of the neck under the jaw. It starts...
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Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), or vertebral basilar ischemia, refers to a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain. The posterior circulation supplies blood to the medulla, cerebellum,...
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Cardiomegaly
Cardiomegaly is a medical condition wherein the heart is enlarged. It is generally categorized in the following manner:
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Ortner's syndrome
Ortner's syndrome is a rare cardiovocal syndrome and refers to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from cardiovascular disease . It was first described by N. Ortner, an Austrian physician, in 1897.
The most common historical cause is a dilated left...
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Acute pericarditis
Acute pericarditis is an inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart --- the pericardium --- usually lasting
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Anemic infarct
Anemic infarcts (also called white infarcts) are white or pale infarcts caused by arterial occlusions, and are usually seen in the heart, kidney and spleen. These are referred to as "white" because of the lack of hemorrhaging and limited red blood...
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Hemorrhagic infarct
Hemorrhagic infarcts are infarcts commonly caused by occlusion of veins, with red blood cells entering the area of the infarct, or an artery occlusion of an organ with collaterals or dual circulation. This is commonly seen in lungs, liver and the GI...
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Widow maker
A widow maker is a nickname used to describe a highly stenotic left main coronary artery or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of the heart. This term is used because if the artery gets abruptly and completely occluded it will cause a...
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Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as transient apical ballooning syndrome, apical ballooning cardiomyopathy, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, broken-heart-syndrome and simply stress cardiomyopathy, is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in which...
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Intradural pseudoaneurysm
Intradural pseudoaneurysm is a broad term to describe several subtypes of aneurysms that fundamentally are different from the more typical intracranial berry-type aneurysms.
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Cardiac amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis is a medical disorder, a type of amyloidosis, caused by deposits of an amyloid protein in the heart tissue, resulting in decreased heart function.
It is a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Amyloidosis is the buildup of a...
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Arterial stiffeness
Arteries stiffen as a consequence of age and atherosclerosis. The two leading causes of death in the developed world, myocardial infarction and stroke, are both a direct consequence of atherosclerosis. Increased arterial stiffness is associated with...
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Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease is a condition where plaques build up within the lumen of coronary arteries decreasing blood supply and oxygenation to the heart.
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Diastolic dysfunction
Diastolic dysfunction refers to an abnormality in the heart's (i.e., left ventricle's) filling during diastole. Diastole is that phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart (i.e. ventricle) is not contracting but is actually relaxed and filling with...
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Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis
Idiopathic Giant Cell Myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease.
It is rare; however, it is often fatal and there is no proven cure because of the unknown nature of the disorder.
IGCM frequently leads to death with high rate about 70% in first year....
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Angor animi
Angor animi (also referred to as angina animi, Gairdner's disease and also angina pectoris sine dolore), in medicine, is a symptom defined as a patient's perception that they are in fact dying. Most cases of angor animi are found in patients...
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Noncompaction cardiomyopathy
Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC), also called spongiform cardiomyopathy, is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy that affects both children and adults. It results from the failure myocardial development during embryogenesis.
During development, the...
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Acute aortic syndrome
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) describes a range of severe, painful, potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the aorta. These include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. AAS can be caused by a...
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Vertebral artery dissection
Vertebral artery dissection is the development of dissection (a flap-like tear) in the vertebral artery. It is commonly associated with physical trauma but may also develop spontaneously. It is a major cause of stroke in young people.
Typical...
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Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis refers to a stiffening of arteries.
Arteriosclerosis is a general term describing any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries (from the Greek Arterio, meaning artery, and sclerosis, meaning hardening)
It...
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Total anterior circulation infarct
A Total Anterior Circulation Infarct (TACI) is a type of cerebral infarction affecting the entire anterior circulation supplying one side of the brain.
Total Anterior Circulation Stroke Syndrome (TACS) refers to the symptoms of a patient who...
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Partial anterior circulation infarct
Partial Anterior Circulation Infarct (PACI) is a type of cerebral infarction affecting part of the anterior circulation supplying one side of the brain.
Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke Syndrome (PACS) refers to the symptoms of a patient who...
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Posterior circulation infarct
A Posterior Circulation Infarct (POCI) is a type of cerebral infarction affecting the posterior circulation supplying one side of the brain.
Posterior Circulation Stroke Syndrome (POCS) refers to the symptoms of a patient who clinically appears to...
