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Decapitation
Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capita, meaning head) is the separation of the head of an animal from its body. Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e.g., as a means of murder or execution; it may be accomplished, for example, with an axe, sword, knife, wire, or by...
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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794); French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ˈtwan lɔˈʁɑ̃ də la.vwaˈzje]), the father of modern chemistry, was a French noble prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He stated the first version of...
Date of birth:
- Aug 26, 1743
Date of death:
- May 8, 1794 (age 50 years)
Charles I of England
Charles I, (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649), the second son of James VI of Scotland and I of England, was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the...
Date of birth:
- Nov 19, 1600
Date of death:
- Jan 30, 1649 (age 48 years)
Cuauhtémoc
Cuauhtémoc (also known as Cuauhtemotzin, Guatimozin or Guatemoc; c. 1502– 28 February 1525) was the Aztec ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521. The name Cuāuhtemōc (Nahuatl pronunciation: [kʷaːʍˈtemoːk]) means "One That Has Descended...
Date of birth:
- 1502
Date of death:
- Feb 28, 1525 (age 23 years)
Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro (Almagro, Spain, c. 1475 – Cuzco, Peru, July 8, 1538), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo (The Elder), was a Spanish conquistador and a companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro. He participated in the Spanish conquest of...
Date of birth:
- 1475
Date of death:
- Jul 8, 1538 (age 63 years)
Mary I of Scotland
Mary I (popularly known in the English-speaking world as Mary, Queen of Scots and, in France, as Marie Stuart) (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587) was Queen of Scots from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. She was the only surviving legitimate child...
Date of birth:
- Dec 8, 1542
Date of death:
- Feb 8, 1587 (age 44 years)
Paul of Tarsus
Paul of Tarsus, also called Paul the Apostle, the Apostle Paul, or Saint Paul, (Ancient Greek: Σαούλ (Saul), Σαῦλος (Saulos), and Παῦλος (Paulos); Latin: Paulus or Paullus; Hebrew: שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi (Saul of Tarsus) (c.5 BC - c.67 AD), was a...
Date of birth:
- 10 C.E.
Date of death:
- 65 C.E. (age 55 years)
Thomas More
Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), also known as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, scholar, author, and statesman.
During his life he gained a reputation as a leading Renaissance humanist, a violent opponent of the Reformation...
Date of birth:
- Feb 7, 1478
Date of death:
- Jul 6, 1535 (age 57 years)
Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall (c. 1552 – 29 October 1618) was a English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, and explorer.
Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine...
Date of birth:
- 1552
Date of death:
- Oct 29, 1618 (age 66 years)
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn (pronounced /ˈbʊlɪn/ or /bʊˈlɪn/; 1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England as the second wife of King Henry VIII, the mother of Queen Elizabeth I, and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right. Henry's marriage to Anne, and her...
Date of birth:
- 1500
Date of death:
- May 19, 1536 (age 36 years)
Johann Friedrich Struensee
Count Johann Friedrich von Struensee (Halle an der Saale, 5 August 1737 - Copenhagen, 28 April 1772) was a German doctor. He became royal physician to the schizophrenic King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish government. He rose...
Date of birth:
- Aug 5, 1737
Date of death:
- Apr 28, 1772 (age 34 years)
Catherine Howard
Catherine Howard (c. 1521 – 13 February 1542), also spelled Katherine or Katheryn, was the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, and sometimes known by his reference to her as his "rose without a thorn".
Catherine's birth date and place of birth are...
Date of birth:
- 1521
Date of death:
- Feb 13, 1542 (age 21 years)
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (c. 1485 – 28 July 1540) was an English statesman who served as King Henry VIII's chief minister from 1532 to 1540. Cromwell rose to such power because he was one of the strongest advocates of the English...
Date of birth:
- 1485
Date of death:
- Jul 28, 1540 (age 55 years)
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601), was a military hero and royal favourite of Elizabeth I, but following a poor campaign against Irish rebels during the Nine Years' War in 1599, he failed in a coup d'état...
Date of birth:
- Nov 10, 1565
Date of death:
- Feb 25, 1601 (age 35 years)
John Fisher
Saint John Fisher (c. 19 October 1469 – 22 June 1535) was an English Roman Catholic Bishop, cardinal and martyr. He shares his feast day with Saint Thomas More on 22 June in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints and 6 July on the Anglican calendar...
Date of birth:
- Oct 19, 1469
Date of death:
- Jun 22, 1535 (age 65 years)
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (c. 1506 – 22 January 1552) was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549.
Seymour was born in about 1506, to Sir John Seymour and Margery...
Date of birth:
- 1506
Date of death:
- Jan 22, 1552 (age 46 years)
Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury
Margaret Pole (née Plantagenet), 8th Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 – 27 May 1541) was an English peeress, the daughter of the 1st Duke of Clarence, a brother of King Edward IV and King Richard III. She was the last legitimate member of the...
Date of birth:
- Aug 14, 1473
Date of death:
- May 27, 1541 (age 67 years)
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley (c. 1508 – 20 March 1549), was a British politician.
Seymour was a son of Sir John Seymour and the former Margery Wentworth. Sir John and Lady Seymour had eight surviving children; the eldest was Edward...
Date of birth:
- 1508
Date of death:
- Mar 20, 1549 (age 41 years)
Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland
Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland (baptized 19 August 1590 – 9 March 1649) was an English aristocrat, courtier and soldier.
He was the son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick and of Penelope Devereux, Lady Rich, and the younger brother of Robert Rich,...
Date of birth:
- Aug 19, 1590
Date of death:
- Mar 9, 1649 (age 58 years)
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey KG (1517 – 19 January 1547) was an English aristocrat, and one of the founders of English Renaissance poetry.
He was born in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England, the eldest son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and his...
Date of birth:
- 1517
Date of death:
- Jan 19, 1547 (age 30 years)
Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick
Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick and 7th Earl of Salisbury (25 February 1475 – 28 November 1499) was the son of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and a potential claimant to the English throne during the reigns of both Richard III ...
Date of birth:
- Feb 25, 1475
Date of death:
- Nov 28, 1499 (age 24 years)
Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (4 September 1455 – 2 November 1483) played a major role in Richard III of England's rise and fall. He is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance (and presumed murder) of the Princes in the Tower....
Date of birth:
- Sep 4, 1455
Date of death:
- Nov 2, 1483 (age 28 years)
Pietro Carnesecchi
Pietro Carnesecchi (December 24, 1508 – October 1, 1567) was an Italian humanist.
Born in Florence, he was the son of a da Andrea Carnesecchi, a merchant who under the patronage of the Medici, and especially of Giulio de' Medici as Pope Clement VII,...
Date of birth:
- Dec 24, 1508
Date of death:
- Oct 1, 1567 (age 58 years)
James Tyrrell
Sir James Tyrell (c. 1450 – May 6, 1502) was an English knight, a trusted servant of King Richard III of England. He is known for 'confessing' to the murders of the Princes in the Tower under Richard's orders. However, his statement was taken under...
Date of birth:
- 1450
Date of death:
- May 6, 1502 (age 52 years)
Owen Tudor
Owen Meredith Tudor (Welsh: Owain ap Maredudd ap Tewdwr pronounced [ˈəuain ap maˈrɛdɨð ap ˈtɛudʊr]; c. 1400 – February 2, 1461) was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from a daughter of the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, "The Lord Rhys"....
Date of birth:
- 1400
Date of death:
- Feb 2, 1461 (age 61 years)
Conradin
Conrad (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (German: Konradin, Italian: Corradino), was the Duke of Swabia (1254–1268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (1254–1268, as Conrad...
Date of birth:
- Mar 25, 1252
Date of death:
- Oct 29, 1268 (age 16 years)
Frederick I, Margrave of Baden
Frederick I of Baden (1249 – October 29, 1268, aged 19) was margrave of Baden from October 4, 1250 until his death. He was the only son of Margrave Herman VI of Baden and of Gertrude of Austria, the niece of Frederick II the Quarrelsome, Duke of...
Date of birth:
- 1249
Date of death:
- Oct 29, 1268 (age 19 years)
Sante Jeronimo Caserio
Sante Geronimo Caserio (September 8, 1873 – August 16, 1894) was an Italian anarchist and the assassin of Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of the French Third Republic.
Caserio was born in Motta Visconti, Lombardy. On June 24, 1894, he fatally...
Date of birth:
- Sep 8, 1873
Date of death:
- Aug 16, 1894 (age 20 years)
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
James Crofts, later James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and 1st Duke of Buccleuch PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685), was an English nobleman. He was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II and his mistress, Lucy...
Date of birth:
- Apr 9, 1649
Date of death:
- Jul 15, 1685 (age 36 years)
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1504 – 22 August 1553) was a Tudor general, admiral and politician, who de facto ruled England in the latter half of King Edward VI's reign. At Edward's death, his attempt to displace Edward's sister and heir...
Date of birth:
- 1504
Date of death:
- Aug 22, 1553 (age 49 years)
Lord Guildford Dudley
Lord Guilford Dudley (1536 - 12 February 1554) was the husband of Lady Jane Grey, who some scholars consider a briefly reigning Queen of England. His first name is sometimes spelled "Guildford".
He was a son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of...
Date of birth:
- 1536
Date of death:
- Feb 12, 1554 (age 18 years)
William Laud
Archbishop William Laud (7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645. One of the High Church Caroline divines, he opposed radical forms of Puritanism. This and his support for King Charles I resulted in his...
Date of birth:
- Oct 7, 1573
Date of death:
- Jan 10, 1645 (age 71 years)
Fritz Haarmann
Friedrich "Fritz" Haarmann (October 25, 1879 – April 15, 1925) was a notorious serial killer born in Hanover, Germany, who is believed to be responsible for the murder of 27 boys and young men.
Fritz Haarmann was born on October 25, 1879, the sixth...
Date of birth:
- Oct 25, 1879
Date of death:
- Apr 15, 1925 (age 45 years)
Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat
Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat (c. 1667 – 9 April 1747, London), Scottish Jacobite, chief of Clan Fraser, was famous for his violent feuding and his changes of allegiance. In 1715, he had been a supporter of the House of Hanover, but in 1745 he changed...
Date of birth:
- 1667
Date of death:
- Apr 9, 1747 (age 80 years)
Marinus van der Lubbe
Marinus (Rinus) van der Lubbe (13 January 1909 – 10 January 1934) was a Dutch council communist accused of, and eventually executed for, setting fire to the German Reichstag building on February 27, 1933, an event known as the Reichstag fire. He was...
Date of birth:
- Jan 13, 1909
Date of death:
- Jan 10, 1934 (age 25 years)
Thomas Muentzer
Thomas Müntzer (ca. 1488 – 27 May 1525) was an early Reformation-era German theologian and Anabaptist. He turned against Luther with several anti-Lutheran writings, and became a rebel leader during the Peasants' War. In the battle at Frankenhausen,...
Date of birth:
- 1488
Date of death:
- May 27, 1525 (age 37 years)
Daniel Pearl
Daniel Pearl (October 10, 1963 – February 1, 2002) was an American Jewish journalist who was kidnapped, tortured and murdered in Karachi, Pakistan by al Qaeda terrorists. At the time of his kidnapping, Pearl served as the South Asia Bureau Chief of...
Date of birth:
- Oct 10, 1963
Date of death:
- Feb 1, 2002 (age 38 years)
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (13 April 1593 (O.S.) – 12 May 1641) was an English statesman and a major figure in the period leading up to the English Civil War. He served in parliament and was a supporter of King Charles I. From 1632 to...
Date of birth:
- Apr 13, 1593
Date of death:
- May 12, 1641 (age 48 years)
Charles George Gordon
Major-General Charles George Gordon, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. He is remembered for his campaigns in China and northern Africa...
Date of birth:
- Jan 28, 1833
Date of death:
- Jan 26, 1885 (age 52 years)
Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge
Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c. 1375 – 5 August 1415) the younger son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York and Isabella of Castile.
His paternal grandparents were Edward III of Windsor, King of England and Philippa of Hainault....
Date of birth:
- 1375
Date of death:
- Aug 5, 1415 (age 40 years)
Eugen Weidmann
Eugen Weidmann (February 5, 1908 – June 17, 1939) was the last person to be publicly executed in France. Executions by guillotine in France continued in private until September 10, 1977, when Hamida Djandoubi was the last person to be executed....
Date of birth:
- Feb 5, 1908
Date of death:
- Jun 17, 1939 (age 31 years)
Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford
Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford (c. 1505 – 13 February 1542) was an English noblewoman who lived in the reign of Henry VIII. She was a sister-in-law of Henry's second wife Anne Boleyn and lady-in-waiting to his fifth wife Catherine Howard, with...
Date of birth:
- 1505
Date of death:
- Feb 13, 1542 (age 37 years)
Hans Scholl
Hans Fritz Scholl (22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was a core and founding member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany.
Scholl was born in Ingersheim, a district of Crailsheim. His father later became the Mayor of Forchtenberg...
Date of birth:
- Sep 22, 1918
Date of death:
- Feb 22, 1943 (age 24 years)
Sophie Scholl
Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having been found distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of...
Date of birth:
- May 9, 1921
Date of death:
- Feb 22, 1943 (age 21 years)
Kurt Huber
Kurt Huber (October 24, 1893 – July 13, 1943) was a member of the White Rose group, which carried out resistance against Nazi Germany.
Huber was born in Chur, Switzerland, to German parents. He grew up in Stuttgart and later, after his father's...
Date of birth:
- Oct 24, 1893
Date of death:
- Jul 13, 1943 (age 49 years)
Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
Richard Woodville (or Wydeville), 1st Earl Rivers (1405-12 August 1469), was an English nobleman, best remembered as the father of Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV.
Born at Maidstone in Kent, he was the son of another Sir Richard Wydeville or...
Date of birth:
- 1405
Date of death:
- Aug 12, 1469 (age 64 years)
Marcel Petiot
Marcel André Henri Félix Petiot (17 January 1897 – 25 May 1946) was a French doctor and serial killer convicted of multiple murders after the discovery of the remains of 26 people in his home in Paris after World War II. He is suspected of killing...
Date of birth:
- Jan 17, 1897
Date of death:
- May 25, 1946 (age 49 years)
Lamoral, Count of Egmont
Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Prince of Gavere (November 18, 1522, La Hamaide near Ellezelles – June 5, 1568, Brussels) was a general and statesman in Flanders just before the start of the Eighty Years' War, whose execution helped spark the national...
Date of birth:
- Nov 18, 1522
Date of death:
- Jun 5, 1568 (age 45 years)
George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford
George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford (c. 1504 – 17 May 1536) was the brother of Henry VIII of England's second wife Anne Boleyn, and the husband of Jane Parker. A prominent figure in the politics of the early 1530s, he was convicted of incest with his...
Date of birth:
- 1504
Date of death:
- May 17, 1536 (age 32 years)
Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury
Richard Neville, jure uxoris 5th Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC (1400 – 31 December 1460) was a Yorkist leader during the early parts of the Wars of the Roses.
Richard Neville was born in 1400 at Raby Castle in County Durham. Although he was the 3rd son ...
Date of birth:
- 1400
Date of death:
- Dec 31, 1460 (age 61 years)
Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester
Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester (1343 – 23 July 1403) was an English medieval nobleman best known for taking part in the rebellion with his nephew Henry Percy, known as 'Harry Hotspur', and brother Northumberland .
He was the younger son of...
Date of birth:
- 1343
Date of death:
- Jul 23, 1403 (age 60 years)
Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset
Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (26 January 1436 – 15 May 1464) was an important Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses. (Some number him 2nd Duke, since the title was re-created for his father after his uncle died....
Date of birth:
- Jan 26, 1436
Date of death:
- May 15, 1464 (age 28 years)
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (3 February 1478 – 17 May 1521) was an English nobleman. He was the son of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and the former Lady Catherine Woodville, daughter of the 1st Earl Rivers and sister-in-law of King Edward...
Date of birth:
- Feb 3, 1478
Date of death:
- May 17, 1521 (age 43 years)
Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster (c. 1278 – 22 March 1322) was one of the leaders of the baronial opposition to Edward II of England.
Thomas was the eldest son of Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster and Blanche of Artois. His paternal grandparents...
Date of birth:
- 1278
Date of death:
- Mar 22, 1322 (age 44 years)
Peter Kürten
Peter Kürten (26 May 1883 - 2 July 1931) was a German serial killer dubbed The Vampire of Düsseldorf by the contemporary media. He committed a series of sex crimes, assaults and murders against adults and children, most notoriously from February to...
Date of birth:
- May 26, 1883
Date of death:
- Jul 2, 1931 (age 48 years)
Joseph Boniface de La Môle
Joseph Boniface de La Môle (c. 1526-April 30, 1574) was a French nobleman. He was the son of Jacques Boniface, seigneur de la Môle et de Colobrières, of Marseille.
La Môle was the Provençal lover of Marguerite de Valois, among others, during the...
Date of birth:
- 1526
Date of death:
- Apr 30, 1574 (age 48 years)
László Hunyadi
László Hunyadi (1433 – March 16, 1457), was a Hungarian statesman.
László Hunyadi was the elder of two sons of János Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi. He was the older brother of Matthias Hunyadi, who would later became the king of Hungary. At a very...
Date of birth:
- 1433
Date of death:
- Mar 16, 1457 (age 24 years)
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (June 19, 1606 – March 9, 1649), Scottish nobleman and Civil war General.
The son of James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton, and of the Lady Anne Cunningham, daughter of James Cunningham, 7th Earl of Glencairn,...
Date of birth:
- Jun 19, 1606
Date of death:
- Mar 9, 1649 (age 42 years)
Marino Faliero
Marino Faliero (1285 - 17 April 1355) was the fifty-fifth Doge of Venice, appointed on 11 September 1354. He was sometimes referred to simply as Marin Falier (Venetian rather than standard Italian).
He attempted a coup d'etat in 1355, at the time...
Date of birth:
- 1285
Date of death:
- Apr 17, 1355 (age 70 years)
Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton
Waltheof (1050-31 May 1076), Earl of Northumbria and last of the Anglo-Saxon earls. He was the only English aristocrat to be formally executed during the reign of William I. He was reputed for his physical strength but was weak and unreliable in...
Date of birth:
- 1050
Date of death:
- May 31, 1076 (age 26 years)
Hamida Djandoubi
Hamida Djandoubi (Arabic: حميدة جندوبي) (c. 1949 – 10 September 1977) was the last person to be guillotined in France, at Baumettes Prison in Marseille. He was a Tunisian immigrant who had been convicted of the torture and murder of 21-year-old...
Date of birth:
- 1949
Date of death:
- Sep 10, 1977 (age 28 years)
