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Erasmus Prize
The Erasmus Prize is an annual prize awarded by the Praemium Erasmianum Foundation, a Dutch non-profit organization, to individuals or institutions that have made notable contributions to European culture, society, or social science. The Praemium Erasmianum Foundation was founded on 23 June 1958 by...
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Amnesty International
Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty and AI) is an international secular non-governmental organisation which defines its mission as "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand...
Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comedic actor and film director. Chaplin became one of the most famous actors as well as a notable filmmaker, composer and musician in the early to mid...
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Mary Robinson
Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (Irish: Máire Mhic Róibín; born 21 May 1944) served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland, serving from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She...
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Renzo Piano
Renzo Piano (born 14 September, 1937) is a world renowned Italian architect and recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, AIA Gold Medal, Kyoto Prize and the Sonning Prize. One admirer said the "serenity of his best buildings can almost make you...
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Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall (IPA: ʃʌ-ɡɑːl); [shuh-GAHL] (7 July 1887 – 28 March 1985), was a Russian-French artist, associated with several key art movements and was one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century. He created a unique career in...
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Václav Havel
Václav Havel ([ˈvaːtslaf ˈɦavɛl] ( listen)) (born 5 October 1936 in Czechoslovakia) is a Czech playwright, essayist, former dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia (1989–92) and the first President of the...
Mauricio Kagel
Mauricio Kagel (December 24, 1931 – September 18, 2008) was a German-Argentine composer who was notable for his interest in developing the theatrical side of musical performance.
Kagel was born into a Jewish family which fled from Russia in the...
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Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjaʒɛ]; born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist and philosopher, well known for his pedagogical studies. His theory of cognitive development and...
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Nikolaus Harnoncourt
Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Count Nikolaus de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt) (born 6 December 1929) is an Austrian conductor, particularly known for his historically informed performances of music from the classical era and earlier.
Harnoncourt...
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Jacques Delors
Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born 20 July 1925 in Paris) is a French economist and politician, the first person to have served two terms as President of the European Commission (between January 1985 and December 1994).
In the 1940s–1960s, Delors held...
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Jan Tinbergen
Jan Tinbergen (The Hague, April 12, 1903 – June 9, 1994 The Hague), Dutch economist, was awarded the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel during 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and...
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Ninette de Valois
Dame Ninette de Valois, OM, CH, DBE (6 June 1898 – 8 March 2001) was an Irish dancer, teacher, choreographer and director of classical ballet. She danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, later settling in England. She is most...
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Martin Buber
Martin Buber (Hebrew: מרטין בובר) (February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) was an Austrian-born Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a religious existentialism centered on the distinction between the I-Thou relationship and the I...
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Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː tsait], literally The Time,) is a German nationwide weekly newspaper that is highly respected for its quality journalism. With a circulation of 488,036 and an estimated readership of slightly above 2 million, it...
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Adam Michnik
Adam Michnik (born 17 October 1946, Warsaw, Poland) is the editor-in-chief of Gazeta Wyborcza, where he sometimes writes under the pen-names of Andrzej Zagozda or Andrzej Jagodziński. In 1968-1989 he was one of the leading organizers of the illegal,...
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Raymond Aron
Raymond-Claude-Ferdinand Aron (14 March 1905, Paris – 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist and political scientist, well known to the broad public for his skeptical analyses of the post-war vogue in France for leftist ideologies...
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Bernard Haitink
Bernard Johan Herman Haitink, CH, KBE (born 4 March 1929) is a Dutch conductor and violinist.
Haitink was born in Amsterdam, the son of Willem Haitink and Anna Haitink. He studied music at the conservatoire in Amsterdam. He played the violin in...
Robert Schuman
Robert Schuman (29 June 1886 – 4 September 1963) was a noted French statesman. Schuman was a Christian Democrat (M.R.P.) and an independent political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign...
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Alan Davidson
Alan Eaton Davidson (30 March 1924 – 2 December 2003) was a British diplomat and historian best known for his writing and editing on food and gastronomy. He was the author of the 900-page, encyclopedic Oxford Companion to Food (1999, second edition...
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Gabriel Marcel
Gabriel Honoré Marcel (7 December 1889, Paris – 8 October 1973, Paris) was a French philosopher, a leading Christian existentialist, and author of about 30 plays. He focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing...
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Herbert Read
Sir Herbert Edward Read, DSO, MC (1893–1968) was an English anarchist poet, and critic of literature and art. He was one of the earliest English writers to take notice of existentialism, and was strongly influenced by proto-existentialist thinker...
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Bernd and Hilla Becher
Bernd Becher (born August 20th 1931 in Siegen; died June 22nd 2007 in Rostock) and Hilla Becher, née Wobeser (born September 2nd 1934 in Potsdam) were a German artist couple, best known for their photographic images of industrial buildings.
Bernd...
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International Commission of Jurists
The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is an international human rights non-governmental organisation. The Commission itself is a standing group of 60 eminent jurists (judges and lawyers), including members of the senior judiciary in...
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Claudio Magris
Claudio Magris (b. April 10, 1939, Trieste) is an Italian scholar, translator and writer.
Magris graduated from the University of Turin, where he studied German studies, and has been a professor of modern German literature at the University of...
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Ernst Gombrich
Sir Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich, OM, CBE (30 March 1909 – 3 November 2001) was an Austrian-born art historian who spent most of his working life in the United Kingdom. He is the author of many works of art criticism and art history, including The...
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Sigmar Polke
Sigmar Polke (born February 13, 1941) is a German painter and photographer.
Polke was born in Oelsnitz in Lower Silesia. He fled with his family to Thuringia in 1945 during the Expulsion of Germans after World War II. His family escaped from the...
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John Grahame Douglas Clark
Sir John Grahame Douglas Clark, CBE FBA (28 July 1907–12 September 1995) was a British archaeologist most notable for his work on the Mesolithic and his theories on palaeoeconomy.
He was born in Bromley (at the time part of the English county of...
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Abdolkarim Soroush
Abdolkarim Soroush (عبدالكريم سروش), born Hosein Haj Faraj Dabbagh (1945-; Persian: حسين حاج فرج دباغ), is an Iranian thinker, philosopher, reformer, Rumi scholar and a former professor at the University of Tehran. He is a well-known figure in...
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Ian Buruma
Ian Buruma (born December 28, 1951) is an Anglo-Dutch writer and academic. Much of his work focuses on Asian culture, particularly that of 20th-century Japan.
He was born in The Hague, the Netherlands, to a Dutch father and English mother. He...
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Peter Sellars
Peter Sellars (born September 27, 1957) is an American theatre director, noted for his contemporary stagings of classical operas and plays. Sellars is professor of World Arts and Cultures at UCLA, where he teaches Art as Social Action and Art as...
Edward Schillebeeckx
Edward Cornelis Florentius Alfonsus Schillebeeckx (12 November 1914 in Antwerp, Belgium) is a Belgian Roman Catholic theologian.
He is a member of the Dominican Order. His books on theology have been translated into many languages, and his...
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Simon Schaffer
Simon Schaffer (born 1 January 1955) was born in Southampton and was educated at Varndean Grammar School for Boys (now Varndean College). He is a professor of the history and philosophy of science at Cambridge University and edits The British...
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Simon Wiesenthal
Simon Wiesenthal KBE (December 31, 1908 – September 20, 2005) was an Austrian-Jewish architectural engineer and Holocaust survivor who became famous after World War II for his work as a Nazi hunter who pursued Nazi war criminals in an effort to...
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Romano Guardini
Romano Guardini (1885–1968) was a Catholic priest, author, and academic. He was one of the most important figures in Catholic intellectual life in 20th-century Germany.
Guardini was born in Verona, Italy in 1885, but his family moved to Mainz when...
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Massimo Pallottino
Massimo Pallottino (9 November 1909 – 7 February 1995) was an archaeologist specializing in Etruscan civilization and art.
Pallottino was a student of Giulio Quirino Giglioli and worked early in his career on the Temple of Apollo at Veii. In essence...
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Archivo General de Indias
The Archivo General de Indias ("General Archive of the Indies"), housed in Seville in the ancient merchants' exchange, the Casa Lonja de Mercaderes, is the document repository of extremely valuable archival documents illustrating the history of the...
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Hans Scharoun
Bernhard Hans Henry Scharoun (20 September 1893 Bremen – 25 November 1972 West Berlin) was a German architect best known for designing the Berlin Philharmonic concert hall and the Schminke House in Löbau, Saxony. He was an important exponent of...
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Alexander King
Alexander King CMG, CBE (26 January 1909 - 28 February 2007) was a scientist and pioneer of the sustainable development movement who co-founded the Club of Rome in 1968 with the Italian industrialist Aurelio Peccei.
At the time of the Club of Rome's...
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Peter Stein
Peter Stein (born October 1, 1937) is a critically-acclaimed German theatre and opera director who established himself at the Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz, a company that he brought to the forefront of German theatre.
Born in Berlin, Stein grew up...
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Henry Moore
Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986) was an English sculptor and artist. He was best known for his abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art.
His forms are usually...
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Hans van Manen
Hans van Manen (born 11 July 1932 in Nieuwer-Amstel, Netherlands) is a Dutch ballet dancer, choreographer and photographer.
He is a son of a German housemaid. Hans van Manen began his career in 1951 as a member of Sonia Gaskell's Ballet Recital. In...
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Paul Delouvrier
Paul Delouvrier is a French politician who was awarded the Erasmus Prize in 1985.
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Olivier Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen (French pronunciation: [ɔlivje mɛsjɛ̃]; December 10, 1908 – April 27, 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist. He entered the Paris Conservatoire at the age of 11 and numbered Paul Dukas, Maurice Emmanuel, Charles...
Werner Kaegi
Werner Kaegi (1901–1979) was a Swiss historian. He is best known for a single work, a biography of Jacob Burkhardt. This appeared in seven volumes, from 1947 to 1982.
He was recipient of the Gottfried-Keller-Preis and the Erasmus Prize.
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Peter Forgacs
Péter Forgács (1950) is a media artist and independent filmmaker based in Budapest, Hungary. He is best known for his "Private Hungary" series of award winning films based on home movies from the 1930s and 1960s, which document ordinary lives that...
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Pierre Bernard
Pierre Bernard (30 January 1934, Strasbourg) is a French politician, mayor of Montfeirmeil (various rights - divers droite) from March 1983 to June 2002 and counsellor in the canton de Montfermeil from 1992 to 1998. He replaced Eric Raoult, who had...
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Jean Prouvé
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Claude Lévi-Strauss
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