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  Caliph

  The Caliph (Arabic: خليفة‎; /khalīfah/) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transliterated version of the Arabic word خليفة Khalīfah (help·info)   which means "successor" or "representative"....
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  Emperor

  An emperor (from the Latin "imperator") is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the female equivalent. As a title, "empress" may indicate the wife of an emperor (empress consort) or a woman who rules in her own right (empress...
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  Prince-elector

  The Prince-electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Kurfürst ( listen (help·info)), pl. Kurfürsten, Latin: Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Holy Roman Emperors. The heir-apparent to a...
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  Monarch

  A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy, a form of government in which the country or entity usually ruled or controlled by an individual who usually rules for life or until abdication. Monarchs may be autocrats (absolute monarchy) or may be ceremonial heads of state who exercise little or no...
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  Pope

  The pope (from Latin: "papa" or "father" from Greek πάπας, pápas, "papa", Papa in Italian) is the Bishop of Rome and as such, is leader of the worldwide Catholic Church (that is, both the Latin Rite and the Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Roman Pontiff). The current office...
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  Prime minister

  A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician. In many systems, the prime minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet, and...
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  Szlachta

  Szlachta [ˈʂlaxta] ( listen) was the noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (which were united in 1569 and then became the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the increasingly polonized territories under their control (such as Ducal Prussia or the Ruthenian lands). The...
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  Tsar

  Tsar or czar (Bulgarian цар, Russian: царь (help·info), Ukrainian: цар, Croatian: car in Serbian: цар, in scientific transliteration respectively car' and car), occasionally spelled csar or Tzar in English, is a Slavic term with Bulgarian origins used to designate certain monarchs. The first ruler...
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  Prince Regent

  A prince regent (or prince-regent) is a prince who rules a monarchy as Regent instead of a Monarch, e.g., due to the Sovereign's incapacity (minority or illness) or absence (remoteness, such as exile or long voyage, or simply no incumbent). While the term itself can have the generic meaning and...
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  Prince

  Prince, from French "Prince" (itself from the Latin root princeps), is a general term for a monarch, for a member of a monarchs' or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in some members of Europe's highest nobility. The feminine equivalent is a princess. The Latin word prīnceps (older...