Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976); German pronunciation: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]) was a German philosopher known for his existential and phenomenological explorations of the "question of Being." Heidegger argues that philosophy is preoccupied with what exists and has forgotten the...
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Herbert Marcuse
Herbert Marcuse (German pronunciation: [maʁˈkuːzə]; July 19, 1898 – July 29, 1979) was a German Jewish philosopher, sociologist and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory. Active in the United States after 1934,...
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Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hans-Georg Gadamer (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaːdamɐ]; February 11, 1900 – March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus, Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode).
Gadamer was born in...
Jacques Lacan
Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (French pronunciation: [ʒak lakɑ̃]; April 13, 1901 – September 9, 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis and philosophy, and has been called "the most...
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Jürgen Habermas
Jürgen Habermas ( /ˈjɜrɡən/ or /ˈjʊərɡən ˈhɑːbərmɑːs/; German: [ˈjʏʁɡən ˈhaːbɐmaːs]; born June 18, 1929) is a German sociologist, geographer and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his theory...
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (/ˈsɑːtrə/; French pronunciation: [saʁtʁ]; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of...
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. He was professor in philosophy...
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Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (French pronunciation: [mɔʁis mɛʁlopɔ̃ti]) (14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated...
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Philip K. Dick
Philip Kindred Dick (December 16, 1928 – March 2, 1982) was an American novelist, short story writer and essayist whose published work is almost entirely in the science fiction genre. Dick explored sociological, political and metaphysical themes in...
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Milan Kundera
Milan Kundera (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra]); born 1 April 1929) is the Czech Republic's most recognised living writer. Of Czech origin, he has lived in exile in France since 1975, having become a naturalised citizen in 1981. Having...
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Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl fuko]), born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a French philosopher, social theorist and historian of ideas. He held a chair at the Collège de France with the title "History of...
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Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida ( /ʒɑːk ˈdɛrɨdə/; French pronunciation: [ʒak dɛʁida]; July 15, 1930 – October 9, 2004) was a French philosopher, born in French Algeria. He developed the critical theory known as deconstruction and his work has been labeled as post...
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Simone de Beauvoir
Simone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir, often shortened to Simone de Beauvoir (French pronunciation: [simɔn də boˈvwaʁ]; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986), was a French existentialist philosopher, public intellectual, political activist,...
Allan Bloom
Allan David Bloom (September 14, 1930 – October 7, 1992) was an American philosopher, classicist, and academic. He studied under David Grene, Leo Strauss, Richard McKeon and Alexandre Kojève. He subsequently taught at Cornell University, the...
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Emmanuel Lévinas
Emmanuel Levinas (French pronunciation: [leviˈna, leviˈnas]; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher and Talmudic commentator of Lithuanian Jewish origin.
Born into a Litvak family Emanuelis Levinas (later adapted to French...
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Hannah Arendt
Johanna “Hannah” Arendt (October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was a German American political theorist. She has often been described as a philosopher, although she refused that label on the grounds that philosophy is concerned with "man in the...
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Kuki Shuzo
Kuki Shūzō (九鬼 周造, February 15, 1888 – May 6, 1941) was a prominent Japanese academic, philosopher and university professor.
Shūzō was the fourth child of Baron Kuki Ryūichi (九鬼 隆一) a high bureaucrat in the Meiji Ministry for Culture and Education ...
Richard Rorty
Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, 1931 – June 8, 2007) was an American philosopher. He had a long and diverse academic career, including positions as Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton, Kenan Professor of Humanities at the University of...
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Leo Strauss
Leo Strauss (September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who specialized in classical political philosophy. He was born in Germany to Jewish parents and later emigrated to the United States. He...
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Jean-François Lyotard
Jean-François Lyotard (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa ljɔˈtaʁ]; 10 August 1924– 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher and literary theorist. He is well known for his articulation of postmodernism after the late 1970s and the analysis of the...
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Maurice Blanchot
Maurice Blanchot (September 22, 1907, Devrouze, Saône-et-Loire – February 20, 2003) was a French writer, philosopher, and literary theorist. His work had a strong influence on post-structuralist philosophers such as Jacques Derrida.
Blanchot's work...
Charles Taylor
Charles Margrave Taylor, CC GOQ FRSC (born November 5, 1931) is a Canadian philosopher from Montreal, Quebec best known for his contributions to political philosophy, the philosophy of social science, and intellectual history. This work has earned...
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Giorgio Agamben
Giorgio Agamben (born 22 April 1942) is an Italian political philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception and homo sacer.
Agamben teaches at the Università IUAV di Venezia, the Collège International de...
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Paul Tillich
Paul Johannes Tillich (August 20, 1886 – October 22, 1965) was a German-American theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher. Tillich was one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the 20th century. Among the general populace, he...
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Hans Jonas
Hans Jonas (10 May 1903 – 5 February 1993) was a German-born philosopher who was, from 1955 to 1976, Alvin Johnson Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City.
Jonas's writings were very influential in different...
Paul Ricoeur
Paul Ricœur (27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutic interpretation. As such his thought is situated within the same tradition as other major hermeneutic...
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John D. Caputo
John D. Caputo (born October 26, 1940) is the Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University and the founder of weak theology. Much of Caputo's...
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Jean-Luc Nancy
Jean-Luc Nancy (born July 26, 1940, Caudéran (near Bourdeaux), France) is a French philosopher.
Nancy's first book, published in 1973, was Le titre de la lettre (The Title of the Letter, 1992), a reading of the work of French psychoanalyst Jacques...
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George Grant
George Parkin Grant, OC, FRSC (November 13, 1918 – September 27, 1988) was a Canadian philosopher, teacher and political commentator, whose popular appeal peaked in the late 1960s and 1970s. He is best known for his nationalism, political...
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Luce Irigaray
Luce Irigaray (born 1932 in Belgium) is a Belgian feminist, philosopher, linguist, psychoanalyst, sociologist and cultural theorist. She is best known for her works Speculum of the Other Woman (1974) and This Sex Which Is Not One (1977).
Irigaray...
Stanley Cavell
Stanley Louis Cavell (born September 1, 1926) is an American philosopher. He is the Walter M. Cabot Professor Emeritus of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University.
Born to a Jewish family in Atlanta, Georgia, Cavell first...
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Alexandre Kojève
Alexandre Kojève (Russian: Алекса́ндр Влади́мирович Коже́вников, Aleksandr Vladimirovič Koževnikov; April 28, 1902 – June 4, 1968) was a Russian-born French philosopher and statesman whose philosophical seminars had an immense influence on twentieth...
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Henri Lefebvre
Henri Lefebvre (16 June 1901 – 29 June 1991) was a French sociologist, Marxist intellectual, and philosopher, best known for his work on dialectics, Marxism, everyday life, cities, and (social) space. He coined the slogan the Right to the city....
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John Banville
William John Banville (born 8 December 1945), who writes as John Banville who sometimes writes as Benjamin Black, is an Irish novelist, adapter of dramas, and screenwriter. He is recognised for his precise, cold, forensic prose style, Nabokovian...
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Robert Brandom
Robert Brandom (born 1950) is an American philosopher who teaches at the University of Pittsburgh. He works primarily in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and philosophical logic, and his work manifests both systematic and historical...
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Hubert Dreyfus
Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (born October 15, 1929) is an American philosopher. He is a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley.
His main interests include phenomenology, existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and...
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Peter Sloterdijk
Peter Sloterdijk (German pronunciation: [ˈsloːtɐˌdaɪk]; born June 26, 1947 in Karlsruhe) is a German philosopher, television host, cultural scientist and essayist. He is a professor of philosophy and media theory at the University of Art and Design...
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Walter Kaufmann
Walter Arnold Kaufmann (Freiburg, Germany, 1 July 1921 – 4 September 1980, Princeton, New Jersey) was a German-American philosopher, translator, and poet. A prolific author, he wrote extensively on a broad range of subjects, such as authenticity and...
Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe
Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (March 6, 1940, Tours – January 27, 2007, Paris) was a French philosopher. He was also a literary critic and translator.
Lacoue-Labarthe was influenced by and wrote extensively on Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida, Jacques...
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Tetsuro Watsuji
Tetsuro Watsuji (和辻 哲郎 Watsuji Tetsurō) (March 1, 1889–December 26, 1960) was a Japanese moral philosopher, cultural historian, and intellectual historian.
Watsuji was born in Himeji, Hyōgo Prefecture to a physician. During his youth he enjoyed...
Xavier Zubiri
Xavier Zubiri (Donostia-San Sebastián, 4 December 1898 – Madrid, 21 September 1983) was a Spanish philosopher noted for his intellectual rigor. A major accomplishment of Zubiri's philosophy is its systematic development of a new conception of...
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Lewis Gordon
Lewis Ricardo Gordon (born 1962) is an American philosopher who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, philosophy of human and life sciences, phenomenology, philosophy of existence, social and political theory, postcolonial thought, theories of...
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Gianni Vattimo
Gianteresio Vattimo, also known as Gianni Vattimo (born January 4, 1936) is an internationally recognized Italian author, philosopher, and politician. Many of his works have been translated into English.
Vattimo was born in Turin, Piedmont. He...
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Henry Corbin
Henry Corbin (14 April 1903 - 7 October 1978) was a philosopher, theologian and professor of Islamic Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, France.
Corbin was born in Paris in April 1903. As a boy he revealed the profound sensitivity to music so evident...
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Simon Critchley
Simon Critchley (born 27 February 1960 in Hertfordshire) is an English philosopher currently teaching at The New School. He works in continental philosophy. Critchley argues that philosophy commences in disappointment, either religious or political....
Graham Harman
Graham Harman (born May 9, 1968, Iowa City, Iowa) is a professor at the American University in Cairo, Egypt. He is a contemporary philosopher of metaphysics, who attempts to reverse the linguistic turn of Western philosophy. Harman is associated...
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Aleš Debeljak
Aleš Debeljak (born December 25, 1961), is a Slovenian cultural critic, poet, and essayist.
Debeljak was born in the Slovenian capital Ljubljana, then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He graduated from comparative literature at...
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Hamid Dabashi
Hamid Dabashi (Persian: حمید دباشی), born 1951 in Ahvaz, is an Iranian-American Professor of Iranian Studies and Comparative Literature at Columbia University in New York City.
He is the author of over twenty books. Among them are his Theology of...
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Jean-Luc Marion
Jean-Luc Marion (born 3 July 1946) is among the best-known living philosophers in France and postmodern philosophy, former student of Jacques Derrida and one of the leading Catholic thinkers of modern times. Marion's take on the postmodern is...
Leonardo Polo
Leonardo Polo (born February 1, 1926 in Madrid, Spain) has been a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Navarra (Spain) since 1954, he has also taught in the University of Granada (Spain), the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross (Rome,...
Hans Köchler
Hans Köchler (born October 18, 1948 in Schwaz, Tyrol, Austria) is a professor of philosophy at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and president of the International Progress Organization, a non-governmental organization in consultative status...
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Mahmoud Khatami
Mahmoud Khatami(Persian: محمود خاتمی) (b. January 4, 1963 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian philosopher. He is best known for developing "Ontetic Philosophy."
Mahmoud Khatami grew up in Tehran. Showing an early interest in humanities, he attended the...
Bernard Stiegler
Bernard Stiegler (born 1 April 1952, Seine-et-Oise) is a French philosopher at Goldsmiths, University of London and at the Université de Technologie de Compiègne. In addition, he is Director of the Institut de recherche et d'innovation (IRI),...
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David Wood
David Wood (born 1946, Oxford, England) is a professor of philosophy at Vanderbilt University.
Wood has taught philosophy in Europe and the United States for over thirty years and has published 16 books. In addition to teaching at Vanderbilt...
Karel Kosík
Karel Kosík (26 June 1926 – 21 February 2003) was a Czech Neomarxist philosopher. In his most famous philosophical work, Dialectics of the Concrete (1963), Kosík presents an original synthesis of Martin Heidegger's version of phenomenology and the...
Stephen Mulhall
Stephen Mulhall (born 1962) is a philosopher and Fellow of New College, Oxford. His main research areas are Ludwig Wittgenstein and post-Kantian philosophy.
Stephen Mulhall received a BA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Balliol College,...
John Daniel Wild
John Daniel Wild (April 10, 1902 – October 23, 1972) was a twentieth century American philosopher. Wild began his philosophical career as an empiricist and realist but became an important proponent of existentialism and phenomenology in the United...
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Ramón Xirau
Ramon Xirau Subias (Spanish: [raˈmon ʃiˈɾau], Catalan: [rəˈmoɲ ʃiˈɾaw]) (born in Barcelona, Spain on 20 January 1924) is a Mexican poet, philosopher and literary critic. In 1939, shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish civil war, he emigrated to...
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Edvard Kocbek
Edvard Kocbek ( pronunciation (help·info)) (27 September 1904–3 November 1981) was a Slovenian poet, writer, essayist, translator, political activist, and resistance fighter. He is considered as one of the best authors who have written in Slovene,...
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Hans Loewald
Hans Loewald (1906–1993) was a psychoanalyst and theorist, born in Colmar, then Germany. His father, who died shortly after his birth, was a Jewish physician with an interest in dermatology and psychiatry, his mother a gifted musician, who played...
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Ivo Urbančič
Ivo Urbančič (born 12 November 1930) is a Slovenian philosopher. He is considered to be one of the fathers of the phenomenological school in Slovenia. His role in the development of the philosophical thought is comparable to the one of Mihailo Đurić...
