Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (October 11, 1804 – March 17, 1831), or Louis II of Holland, was the middle son of Louis Napoléon, King of Holland, and Hortense de Beauharnais. His father was the younger brother of Emperor Napoléon I and king of Holland, while his mother was the daughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Napoléon's first wife. Napoléon Louis's elder brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807, when he was only four years old. On his death, Napol...
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Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (October 11, 1804 – March 17, 1831), or Louis II of Holland, was the middle son of Louis Napoléon, King of Holland, and Hortense de Beauharnais. His father was the younger brother of Emperor Napoléon I and king of Holland, while his mother was the daughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Napoléon's first wife. Napoléon Louis's elder brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807, when he was only four years old. On his death, Napoléon Louis became Prince Royal of the Kingdom of Holland. It also made Napoléon Louis the eldest nephew of the Emperor, who that time had no children, and likely eventual successor, a status he lost on March 20, 1811, when his uncle's second wife, Arduchess Marie Louise of Austria, gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt.
In 1809 Napoléon appointed him as Grand Duke of Berg, a status he kept to 1813.
For the ten days between his father's abdication and the invasion of the...
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