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Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in...
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Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in chemistry. His research on chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure and...
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Hermann Emil Fischer
Hermann Emil Fischer (9 October 1852 - 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902.
Fischer was born in Euskirchen, near Cologne, the son of a businessman. After graduating he wished to study natural...
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Marie Curie
Marie Skłodowska Curie (November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934) was a physicist and chemist of Polish upbringing and, subsequently, French citizenship. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes, and the...
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Svante Arrhenius
Svante August Arrhenius (19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. The Arrhenius equation, lunar crater...
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William Ramsay
Sir William Ramsay, KCB (2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" ...
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Adolf von Baeyer
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪɐ]; October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Born in Berlin, he initially...
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Henri Moissan
Ferdinand Frederick Henri Moissan (September 28, 1852 – February 20, 1907) was a French chemist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds.
The family Moissan originated from Toulouse and moved to...
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Eduard Buchner
Eduard Buchner (20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation.
Buchner was born in Munich to a physician and Doctor Extraordinary of Forensic Medicine....
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Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS (30 August 1871–19 October 1937) was a New Zealand chemist and physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. He discovered that atoms have their positive charge concentrated...
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Wilhelm Ostwald
Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (Latvian: Vilhelms Ostvalds; 2 September 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald,...
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Otto Wallach
Otto Wallach (27 March 1847 - 26 February 1931) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate for work on alicyclic compounds.
Wallach was born at Königsberg, the son of a Prussian official. His father was transferred to Stettin (Szczecin) and later to...
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Victor Grignard
François Auguste Victor Grignard (May 6, 1871 in Cherbourg - December 13, 1935 in Lyon) was a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist.
Grignard was the son of a sail maker. After studying mathematics at Lyon he transferred to chemistry, becoming a...
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Alfred Werner
Alfred Werner (December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a professor at the University of Zurich. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner...
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Theodore William Richards
Theodore William Richards (January 31, 1868 – April 2, 1928) was the first American scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, earning the award "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the...
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Richard Willstätter
Richard Martin Willstätter (August 13, 1872 – August 3, 1942) was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Willstätter invented paper chromatography...
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Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the...
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Walther Nernst
Walther Hermann Nernst (25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920...
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Frederick Soddy
Frederick Soddy (2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956) was an English radiochemist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions. He also proved the...
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Francis William Aston
Francis William Aston (1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945) was a British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive...
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Fritz Pregl
Friderik “Fritz” Pregl (3 September 1869 – 13 December 1930) was an Austrian chemist and physician from a mixed Slovene-German-speaking background. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for making important contributions to quantitative...
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Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1 April 1865 – 23 September 1929) was a Hungarian born Austrian-German chemist and Nobel laureate for chemistry known for his research in colloids. The crater Zsigmondy on the Moon is named in his honour. He was an ethnic...
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Theodor Svedberg
Theodor H. E. Svedberg (30 August 1884 – 25 February 1971) was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate, active at Uppsala University. His work with colloids supported the theories of Brownian motion put forward by Einstein and the Polish geophysicist...
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Heinrich Otto Wieland
Heinrich Otto Wieland (4 June 1877 – 5 August 1957) was a German chemist. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research into the bile acids. In 1901 Wieland received his doctorate at the University of Munich while studying under...
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Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (December 25, 1876 – June 9, 1959) was a German chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was the doctoral advisor of Adolf Butenandt who also won a...
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Arthur Harden
Sir Arthur Harden (12 October 1865 – 17 June 1940) was an English biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative...
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Hans Fischer
Hans Fischer (July 27, 1881 – March 31, 1945) was a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Fischer was born in Höchst on Main. His parents were Dr. Eugen Fischer, Director of the firm of Kalle & Co, Wiesbaden...
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Carl Bosch
Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical...
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Irving Langmuir
Irving Langmuir (31 January 1881 – 16 August 1957) was an American chemist and physicist. His most noted publication was the famous 1919 article "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules" in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewis's cubical...
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Harold Urey
Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 and later led him to theories of planetary evolution.
Urey was born in...
Irène Joliot-Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for...
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Frédéric Joliot-Curie
Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie (19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958) was a French physicist and Nobel laureate.
Born in Paris, France, he was a graduate of the School of Chemistry and Physics of the city of Paris. In 1925 he became an assistant to Marie...
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Peter Debye
Peter Joseph William Debye (March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.
Born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije in Maastricht, Netherlands, Debye attended the Aachen University of...
Walter Haworth
Sir Walter Norman Haworth (March 19, 1883, Chorley, Lancashire – March 19, 1950, Barnt Green, Worcestershire) was a British chemist who is best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) whilst working at Birmingham University....
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Richard Kuhn
Richard Kuhn (December 3, 1900 – August 1, 1967) was an Austrian-German biochemist and Nobel laureate.
Kuhn was born in Vienna, Austria where he attended grammar school and high school. His interest in chemistry surfaced early; however he had many...
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Adolf Butenandt
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He was initially forced by the Nazi government to decline the award, but...
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George de Hevesy
George Charles de Hevesy, Georg Karl von Hevesy, (1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the...
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Otto Hahn
Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate who pioneered the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age".
Hahn was the...
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Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (pronounced [ˈɑrtːuri ˈilmɑri ˈʋirtɑnen] (help·info)) (January 15, 1895 – November 11, 1973) was a Finnish chemist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Virtanen was born in Helsinki, Finland. He completed his...
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Wendell Meredith Stanley
Wendell Meredith Stanley (16 August 1904 – 15 June 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate.
Stanley was born in Ridgeville, Indiana, and earned a BS in Chemistry at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. He then studied at the...
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Robert Robinson
Sir Robert Robinson OM, PRS (13 September 1886 – 8 February 1975) was an English chemist and Nobel laureate recognised in 1947 for his research on plant dyestuffs (anthocyanins) and alkaloids.
Robinson went to school at the Chesterfield Grammar...
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Arne Tiselius
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (10 August 1902 – 29 October 1971) was a Swedish biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1948.
He was born in Stockholm. Following the death of his father, the family moved to Gothenburg where he went to...
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William Giauque
William Francis Giauque (May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognised in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational and...
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Otto Diels
Otto Paul Hermann Diels (23 January 1876 – 7 March 1954) was a German chemist. He was the son of a professor of philology at the University of Berlin, where he himself earned his doctorate in chemistry, in the group of Emil Fischer.
Diels taught...
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Edwin McMillan
Edwin Mattison McMillan (September 18, 1907 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist and Nobel laureate credited with being the first ever to produce a transuranium element. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1951.
McMillan was born...
Richard Laurence Millington Synge
Richard Laurence Millington Synge (born Liverpool, October 28, 1914, died Norwich, August 18, 1994) was a British biochemist, and winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography.
He was a close friend of...
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Archer John Porter Martin
Archer John Porter Martin (1 March 1910 in London – 28 July 2002) was a British chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
His father was a GP. He was educated at Bedford School and Cambridge University. Working first in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory, he...
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Hermann Staudinger
Hermann Staudinger (23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for his...
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Linus Pauling
Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists in any field of the 20th...
Vincent du Vigneaud
Vincent du Vigneaud (May 18, 1901 – December 11, 1978) was an American biochemist. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1955 for the isolation, structural identification and total synthesis of the cyclic peptide oxytocin.
Vigneaud graduated from...
Nikolay Semyonov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов) (April 15 (April 3, Old Style), 1896 – September 25, 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the...
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Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood OM PRS (June 19, 1897 – October 9, 1967) was an English physical chemist.
Born in London, his parents were Norman Macmillan Hinshelwood, a chartered accountant, and Ethe Frances née Smith. He was educated first in Canada...
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Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd
Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd of Trumpington, OM, PPRS, FRSE (2 October 1907 – 10 January 1997) was a Scottish biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957...
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Frederick Sanger
Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and twice a Nobel laureate in chemistry. He is the fourth (and only living) person to have been awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Sanger was born in Rendcomb, a small village...
Jaroslav Heyrovský
Jaroslav Heyrovský (pronounced [ˈjarɔslav ˈɦɛjrɔvskiː] (help·info)) (December 20, 1890 – March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of electroanalytical chemistry, and recipient...
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Melvin Calvin
Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 - January 8, 1997) was an American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his...
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Max Perutz
Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM (May 19, 1914, Vienna, Austria – February 6, 2002, Cambridge, UK) was an Austrian-British molecular biologist, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1962, shared with John Kendrew for their studies of the...
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Giulio Natta
Giulio Natta (26 February 1903 - 2 May 1979) was an Italian chemist and Nobel laureate. He who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 with Karl Ziegler for work on high polymers.
Natta was born in Imperia, Italy. He earned his degree in chemical...
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Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Dorothy Mary Hodgkin, born Dorothy Mary Crowfoot OM, FRS (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a British chemist, credited with the development of Protein crystallography.
She advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine...
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Robert Burns Woodward
Robert Burns Woodward (April 10, 1917 – July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist. He made many significant contributions to modern organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis and structure determination of complex natural products, and...
Robert S. Mulliken
Robert Sanderson Mulliken (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American physicist and chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the...
