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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Physics, Chemistry,...
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Emil Adolf von Behring

Emil Adolf von Behring (15 March 1854 – 31 March 1917) was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Behring was born Adolf Emil Behring in Hansdorf (now Ławice, Iława County), Kreis Rosenberg, Province of...
Awards Won
x Year:
1901
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Diphtheria
x Notes/Description:
"for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"

Ronald Ross

Sir Ronald Ross KCB (13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932) was a Scottish physician. Ross was born in Almora, India. He was the eldest son of General Sir Campbell Claye Grant Ross of the Indian Army and Matilda Charlotte Elderton (d. 1906), daughter of...
Awards Won
x Year:
1902
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Malaria
x Notes/Description:
"for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"

Niels Ryberg Finsen

Niels Ryberg Finsen (December 15, 1860 – September 24, 1904) was a Danish/Faroese/Icelandic physician and scientist. In 1903 he became the first Danish Nobel laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology "in recognition of his...
Awards Won
x Year:
1903
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Lupus vulgaris
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, September 14, 1849 – February 27, 1936) was a Russian, and later Soviet, physiologist, psychologist, and physician. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for research...
Awards Won
x Year:
1904
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"

x Year:
1915
x Award:
Copley Medal
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:

Robert Koch

Heinrich Herman Robert Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician. He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis (1877), the Tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and the Vibrio cholera (1883) and for his development of Koch's...
Awards Won
x Year:
1905
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Tuberculosis
x Notes/Description:
"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"

Camillo Golgi

Camillo Golgi (July 7, 1843 – January 21, 1926) was an Italian physician, pathologist, scientist, and Nobel laureate. Camillo Golgi was born in Corteno (Val Camonica). His father was a physician and district medical officer. Golgi studied at the...
Awards Won
x Year:
1906
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanish histologist, physician, pathologist and Nobel laureate. His pioneering investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain were so original and influential that he is...
Awards Won
x Year:
1906
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Camillo Golgi
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"

Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran

Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (18 June 1845 – 18 May 1922) was a French physician. In 1880, while working in the military hospital in Constantine, Algeria, he discovered that the cause of malaria is a protozoan, after observing the parasites in a...
Awards Won
x Year:
1907
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Protozoa
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases"

Paul Ehrlich

Paul Ehrlich (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a German scientist in the fields of hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy, and Nobel laureate. He is noted for curing syphilis and for his research in autoimmunity, calling it "horror autotoxicus"...
Awards Won
x Year:
1908
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of their work on immunity"

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Russian: Илья Ильич Мечников) (also romanized Elie Metchnikoff) (16 May 1845 – 15 July 1916) was a Russian microbiologist best remembered for his pioneering research into the immune system. Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize...
Awards Won
x Year:
1908
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Paul Ehrlich
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of their work on immunity"

Emil Theodor Kocher

Emil Theodor Kocher (August 25, 1841 – July 27, 1917) was a Swiss physician, medical researcher, and Nobel laureate for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid. Kocher was born in Berne, Switzerland. He studied in Zürich,...
Awards Won
x Year:
1909
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Thyroid
x Notes/Description:
"for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"

Albrecht Kossel

Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht Kossel (16 September 1853 – 5 July 1927) was a German medical doctor. Kossel was born in Rostock as the son of Prussian consul Albrecht Kossel and his wife Clara. In 1872, Kossel went to the University of...
Awards Won
x Year:
1910
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"

Allvar Gullstrand

Allvar Gullstrand (5 June 1862, – 28 July 1930) was a Swedish ophthalmologist. Born at Landskrona, Sweden, Gullstrand was professor (1894–1927) successively of eye therapy and of optics at the University of Uppsala. He applied the methods of...
Awards Won
x Year:
1911
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye"

Alexis Carrel

Alexis Carrel (June 28, 1873 – November 5, 1944) was a French surgeon, biologist and eugenicist, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912. Alexis Carrel is also infamous for being a Nazi sympathiser, supporter and for his...
Awards Won
x Year:
1912
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs"

Charles Robert Richet

Charles Robert Richet (August 25, 1850 – December 4, 1935) was a French physiologist who initially investigated a variety of subjects such as neurochemistry, digestion, thermoregulation in homeothermic animals, and breathing. He also devoted many...
Awards Won
x Year:
1913
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Anaphylaxis
x Notes/Description:
"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis"

Robert Bárány

Robert Bárány (22 April 1876 – 8 April 1936) was a Jewish-Hungarian born Austrian physician. For his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus of the ear he received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Bárány was...
Awards Won
x Year:
1914
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"

Jules Bordet

Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (Soignies (Belgium) 13 June 1870 – 6 April 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus Bordetella is named for him. He graduated in the year 1892 as Doctor of Medicine at the Université...
Awards Won
x Year:
1919
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Immunity
x Notes/Description:
"for his discoveries relating to immunity"

August Krogh

Schack August Steenberg Krogh (November 15, 1874 – September 13, 1949) was a Danish professor with partly Romani background (Romani mother ) at the department of zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen from 1916-1945. He contributed a number...
Awards Won
x Year:
1920
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"

Archibald Hill

Archibald Vivian Hill CH CBE FRS (26 September 1886 – 3 June 1977) was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. He shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his...
Awards Won
x Year:
1922
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle"

Otto Fritz Meyerhof

Otto Fritz Meyerhof (April 12, 1884 – October 6, 1951) was a German-born physician and biochemist. Meyerhof was born in Hanover, the son of wealthy Jewish parents. He spent most of his childhood in Berlin, where he started his study of medicine. He...
Awards Won
x Year:
1922
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"

John James Richard Macleod

John James Rickard Macleod (September 6, 1876 – March 16, 1935) was a Scottish physician, physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Macleod was born at Clunie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. He was the son of the Rev....
Awards Won
x Year:
1923
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Frederick Banting
x Winning work:
Insulin
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of insulin"

Frederick Banting

Sir Frederick Grant Banting, KBE, MC, MD, FRSC (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, doctor and Nobel laureate noted as one of the co-discoverers of insulin. Banting's discovery is estimated to have saved over 16...
Awards Won
x Year:
1923
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
John James Richard Macleod
x Winning work:
Insulin
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of insulin"

Willem Einthoven

Willem Einthoven (Semarang, May 21, 1860 – Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it. Einthoven was...
Awards Won
x Year:
1924
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Electrocardiogram
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"

Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger

Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (April 23, 1867 Silkeborg – January 30, 1928 Copenhagen) was a Danish scientist, physician, and professor of pathological anatomy who won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Fibiger had claimed to find an...
Awards Won
x Year:
1926
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Spiroptera carcinoma
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"

Julius Wagner-Jauregg

Julius Wagner-Jauregg, (March 7, 1857 Wels, Upper Austria – September 27, 1940 Vienna) was an Austrian physician. He studied Medicine at the University of Vienna from 1874 to 1880, where he also studied with Salomon Stricker in the Institute of...
Awards Won
x Year:
1927
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"

Charles Nicolle

Charles Jules Henry Nicolle (September 21, 1866 Rouen - February 28, 1936) was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus. He learned about biology early from...
Awards Won
x Year:
1928
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Typhus
x Notes/Description:
"for his work on typhus"

Christiaan Eijkman

Christiaan Eijkman (August 11, 1858, Nijkerk – November 5, 1930, Utrecht) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that Beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. Together with Sir Frederick...
Awards Won
x Year:
1929
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"

Frederick Hopkins

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins OM FRS (20 June 1861 Eastbourne, Sussex - 16 May 1947 Cambridge) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins. He...
Awards Won
x Year:
1929
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"

Karl Landsteiner

Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943), was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the...
Awards Won
x Year:
1930
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Blood type
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of human blood groups"

x Year:
1946
x Award:
Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
x Award Winner:
Alexander S. Wiener,
Philip Levine
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
Joint award for the discovery of the Rh factor and its significance as a cause of maternal, prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Otto Heinrich Warburg

Otto Heinrich Warburg (October 8, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau – August 1, 1970, Berlin), son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate. Warburg was one of the twentieth century's leading biochemists. Otto...
Awards Won
x Year:
1931
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"

Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian

Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian OM PRS (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977) was a British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons....
Awards Won
x Year:
1932
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Charles Scott Sherrington
x Winning work:
Neuron
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"

Charles Scott Sherrington

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington OM, GBE, PRS (27 November 1857 - 4 March 1952) was an English neurophysiologist, histologist, bacteriologist, and a pathologist, Nobel laureate and president of the Royal Society in the early 1920s. He received the...
Awards Won
x Year:
1932
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian
x Winning work:
Neuron
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American geneticist and embryologist. Morgan received his PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1890 and researched embryology during his tenure at Bryn Mawr. Following the rediscovery...
Awards Won
x Year:
1933
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Chromosome
x Notes/Description:
"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity"

George Whipple

George Hoyt Whipple (August 28, 1878 – February 1, 1976) was an American physician, pathologist, biomedical researcher, and medical school educator and administrator. Whipple shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George...
Awards Won
x Year:
1934
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
William Murphy,
George Minot
x Winning work:
Anemia
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"

William Murphy

William Parry Murphy (Stoughton, Wisconsin, February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in...
Awards Won
x Year:
1934
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
George Whipple,
George Minot
x Winning work:
Anemia
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"

George Minot

George R. Minot, a Nobel Prize winner in medicine and Physiology who discovered a cure for pernicious anemia.
Awards Won
x Year:
1934
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
William Murphy,
George Whipple
x Winning work:
Anemia
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"

Hans Spemann

Hans Spemann (June 27, 1869 – September 9, 1941) was a German embryologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, an influence, exercised by various parts...
Awards Won
x Year:
1935
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"

Henry Hallett Dale

Sir Henry Hallett Dale, OM, GBE, FRS (9 June 1875 – 23 July 1968) was an English pharmacologist. For his study of acetylcholine as agent in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses (neurotransmission) he shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology...
Awards Won
x Year:
1936
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Otto Loewi
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"

Otto Loewi

Otto Loewi (June 3, 1873 – December 25, 1961) was a German pharmacologist whose discovery of acetylcholine helped enhance medical therapy. The discovery earned for him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936 which he shared with Sir Henry...
Awards Won
x Year:
1936
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Henry Hallett Dale
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"

Albert Szent-Györgyi

Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt (September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the...
Awards Won
x Year:
1937
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"

x Year:
1954
x Award:
Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
For his distinguished research achievements in the field of cardiovascular diseases, including the discovery of actomyosin, the essential contractible element of muscle.

Corneille Heymans

Corneille Jean François Heymans (March 28, 1892, Ghent, Flanders – July 18, 1968, Knokke, Flanders) was a Flemish physiologist. He studied at the prestigious Jesuit College of Sainte Barbe after which he proceeded to the University of Ghent. He was...
Awards Won
x Year:
1938
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"

Gerhard Domagk

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (30 October 1895 – 24 April 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist credited with the discovery of Sulfonamidochrysoidine (KI-730) – the first commercially available antibacterial antibiotic (marketed under the...
Awards Won
x Year:
1939
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Prontosil
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"

Henrik Dam

Henrik Dam (Full name Carl peter henrik Dam) (February 21, 1895 – April 17, 1976) was a Danish biochemist and physiologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1943 for his work in discovering vitamin K and its role in human physiology....
Awards Won
x Year:
1943
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Vitamin K
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of vitamin K"

Edward Adelbert Doisy

Edward Adelbert Doisy (November 3, 1893 – October 23, 1986) was an American biochemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1943 with Henrik Dam for their discovery of vitamin K (K from "Koagulations-Vitamin" in German) and its...
Awards Won
x Year:
1943
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Vitamin K
x Notes/Description:
for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"

Joseph Erlanger

Joseph Erlanger (January 5, 1874 – December 5, 1965) was an American physiologist. Erlanger was born on January 5, 1874, at San Francisco, California. He completed his B.S. in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley and completed his M...
Awards Won
x Year:
1944
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Herbert Spencer Gasser
x Winning work:
Action potential
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"

Herbert Spencer Gasser

Herbert Spencer Gasser (July 5, 1888 – May 11, 1963) was an American physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for his work with action potentials in nerve fibers. He was born in Platteville, Wisconsin. He...
Awards Won
x Year:
1944
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Joseph Erlanger
x Winning work:
Action potential
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"

Alexander Fleming

Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in...
Awards Won
x Year:
1945
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Ernst Boris Chain,
Howard Walter Florey
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"

Howard Walter Florey

Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey OM, FRS (24 September 1898 – 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his...
Awards Won
x Year:
1945
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Ernst Boris Chain,
Alexander Fleming
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"

Ernst Boris Chain

Sir Ernst Boris Chain (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin. Chain was born in Berlin to a Russian father who moved from...
Awards Won
x Year:
1945
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Howard Walter Florey,
Alexander Fleming
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"

Hermann Joseph Muller

Hermann Joseph Muller (or H. J. Muller) (December 21, 1890 – April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation (X-ray mutagenesis) as well as his...
Awards Won
x Year:
1946
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"

Carl Ferdinand Cori

Carl Ferdinand Cori (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was an Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo...
Awards Won
x Year:
1947
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Gerty Cori
x Winning work:
Cori cycle
x Notes/Description:
"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"

x Year:
1946
x Award:
Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
For his contributions to the knowledge of carbohydrate metabolism, which clarify the action of insulin in diabetes.

Gerty Cori

Dr. Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz, (August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an American biochemist born in Prague (Austrian Empire, now Czech Republic) who, together with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay,...
Awards Won
x Year:
1947
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Carl Ferdinand Cori
x Winning work:
Cori cycle
x Notes/Description:
"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"

Bernardo Houssay

Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887–September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist who in 1947 with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori received Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of the role played by pituitary...
Awards Won
x Year:
1947
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"

Paul Hermann Müller

Paul Hermann Müller also known as Pauly Mueller (January 12, 1899 – October 12, 1965) was a Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate. In 1948 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his 1939 discovery of insecticidal qualities and use of...
Awards Won
x Year:
1948
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
DDT
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods"

Walter Rudolf Hess

Walter Rudolf Hess (March 17, 1881 – August 12, 1973) was a Swiss physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for mapping the areas of the brain involved in the control of internal organs. He shared the prize with Egas...
Awards Won
x Year:
1949
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"

Egas Moniz

António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz known as Egas Moniz (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛɡɐʃ muˈniʃ]); (November 29, 1874 – December 13, 1955) was a Portuguese neurologist and researcher. He was the first Portuguese to receive a Nobel Prize, ...
Awards Won
x Year:
1949
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"

Edward Calvin Kendall

Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886, South Norwalk, Connecticut – May 4, 1972, Princeton, New Jersey) was an American chemist who, together with Philip S. Hench and Tadeus Reichstein, won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for...
Awards Won
x Year:
1950
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Philip Showalter Hench,
Tadeus Reichstein
x Winning work:
Adrenal cortex
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"

x Year:
1949
x Award:
Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
x Award Winner:
Philip Showalter Hench
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
Joint award for their chemical physiological and clinical studies of adrenal hormones which culminated in the development of the use of cortisone in rheumatic disease therapy.

Philip Showalter Hench

Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 – March 30, 1965) was an American physician who, with E. C. Kendall, in 1948 successfully applied an adrenal hormone (later known as cortisone) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis at the Mayo Clinic....
Awards Won
x Year:
1950
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Edward Calvin Kendall,
Tadeus Reichstein
x Winning work:
Adrenal cortex
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"

x Year:
1949
x Award:
Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
x Award Winner:
Edward Calvin Kendall
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
Joint award for their chemical physiological and clinical studies of adrenal hormones which culminated in the development of the use of cortisone in rheumatic disease therapy.

Tadeus Reichstein

Tadeusz Reichstein (July 20, 1897 – August 1, 1996) was a Polish-born Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate. Reichstein was born into a Jewish family at Włocławek, Congress Poland, and spent his early childhood at Kiev, where his father was an engineer....
Awards Won
x Year:
1950
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
Edward Calvin Kendall,
Philip Showalter Hench
x Winning work:
Adrenal cortex
x Notes/Description:
"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"

Max Theiler

Max Theiler (January 30, 1899 – August 11, 1972) was a South African/American virologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine against yellow fever. Theiler was born in Pretoria, South Africa, his...
Awards Won
x Year:
1951
x Award:
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
Yellow fever
x Notes/Description:
"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"

x Year:
1949
x Award:
Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
x Award Winner:
x Winning work:
x Notes/Description:
For distinguished experimental work leading directly to the production of two effective vaccines against yellow fever.
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