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Procedural programming
Procedural programming can sometimes be used as a synonym for imperative programming (specifying the steps the program must take to reach the desired state), but can also refer (as in this article) to a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the...
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ALGOL
ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and became the de facto way algorithms were described in textbooks...
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Introduced:
- 1958
AWK
AWK is a programming language that is designed for processing text-based data, either in files or data streams, and was created at Bell Labs in the 1970s. The name AWK is derived from the family names of its authors — Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger,...
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Introduced:
- 1977
BASIC
In computer programming, BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of high-level programming languages. The original BASIC was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth in...
Parent Language:
Introduced:
- 1964
BCPL
BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.
Originally intended for writing compilers for other languages, BCPL is no longer in common use. However...
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Introduced:
- 1966
C
C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.
Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for...
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View entire collection »Introduced:
- 1972
Common Lisp
Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004), (formerly X3.226-1994 (R1999)). Developed to standardize the divergent variants of Lisp (though...
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COBOL
COBOL (pronounced /ˈkoʊbɒl/) is one of the oldest programming languages. Its name is an acronym for COmmon Business-Oriented Language, defining its primary domain in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.
The...
Introduced:
- 1959
CORAL66 programming language
CORAL (Computer On-line Real-time Applications Language) is a programming language originally developed in 1964 at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), Malvern, UK, as a subset of JOVIAL. Coral 66 was subsequently developed by I. F. Currie and M....
Language Paradigms:
View entire collection »Introduced:
- 1964
CLU
CLU is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov and her students between 1974 and 1975. It was notable for its use of constructors for abstract data types that included the code that operated on them, a key step in the direction of...
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- 1974
Fortran
Fortran (previously FORTRAN) is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering...
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Introduced:
- Apr 1957
Lisp
Lisp (or LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized syntax. Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only...
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Parent Language:
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View entire collection »Introduced:
- 1958
Logo
LOGO (an acronym for Logic Oriented Graphic Oriented) is a computer programming language used for functional programming. It is an adaptation and dialect of the Lisp language; some have called it Lisp without the parentheses. Today, it is known...
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Language Paradigms:
- Functional programming ,
- Educational programming language ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Influenced By:
Introduced:
- 1967
MUMPS
MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System), or alternatively M, is a programming language created in the late 1960s, originally for use in the healthcare industry. It was designed for the production of multi-user...
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Introduced:
- 1966
Perl
Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall, a linguist working as a systems administrator for NASA, in 1987, as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make...
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Language Paradigms:
- Procedural programming ,
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Dynamic programming language ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 1987
PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a dynamically typed concatenative programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982. PostScript is best known for its use as a page description language in the electronic and desktop publishing areas.
The...
Language Paradigms:
- Stack-oriented programming language ,
- Concatenative programming language ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 1982
PL/SQL
PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database. PL/SQL's general syntax resembles that of Ada.
PL/SQL is one of three key language paradigms...
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Influenced:
QuakeC
QuakeC is an interpreted language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the computer game Quake. Using QuakeC, a programmer is able to customize Quake to great extents by adding weapons, changing game logic and physics...
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Introduced:
- 1996
REXX
REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) is an interpreted programming language which was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language which was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read. Both proprietary and open...
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Language Paradigms:
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Structured programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 1979
Scheme
Scheme is one of the two main dialects of the programming language Lisp. Unlike Common Lisp, the other main dialect, Scheme follows a minimalist design philosophy specifying a small standard core with powerful tools for language extension. Its...
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Language Paradigms:
- Functional programming ,
- Interpreted language ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language ,
- Procedural programming
Introduced:
- 1975
Tcl
Tcl (originally from "Tool Command Language", but conventionally rendered as "Tcl" rather than "TCL"; pronounced as "tickle" or "tee-cee-ell") is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. Originally "born out of frustration"—according to the...
Language Paradigms:
- Functional programming ,
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 1988
Turing programming language
Turing is a Pascal-like programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, then of University of Toronto, Canada. Turing is a descendant of Euclid, Pascal and SP/k that features a clean syntax and precise machine-independent...
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View entire collection »Introduced:
- 1982
BBC BASIC
BBC BASIC is a programming language, developed in 1981 as a native programming language for the MOS Technology 6502 based Acorn BBC Micro home/personal computer, mainly by Sophie Wilson. It is a version of the BASIC programming language adapted for...
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Introduced:
- 1981
Plankalkül
Plankalkül (German pronunciation: [ˈplaːnkalkyːl], "Plan Calculus") is a computer language developed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse. It was the first high-level non-von Neumann programming language to be designed for a computer and was...
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C++
C++ (pronounced "See plus plus") is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language...
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Parent Language:
Language Paradigms:
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Generic programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language ,
- Procedural programming
Introduced:
- 1983
Pike programming language
Pike is an interpreted, general-purpose, high-level, cross-platform, dynamic programming language, with a syntax similar to that of C. Unlike many other dynamic languages, Pike is both statically and dynamically typed, and requires explicit type...
Language Paradigms:
- Functional programming ,
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 1994
ABC
ABC is an imperative general-purpose programming language and programming environment developed at CWI, Netherlands by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens, and Steven Pemberton. It is interactive, structured, high-level, and intended to be used instead of...
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Influenced:
Language Paradigms:
- Procedural programming ,
- Structured programming ,
- Imperative programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
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JOVIAL
JOVIAL is a high-order computer programming language similar to ALGOL, but specialized for the development of embedded systems (specialized computer systems designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions[1], usually embedded as part of a...
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Introduced:
- 1960
Inform
Inform is a programming language and design system for interactive fiction originally created in 1993 by Graham Nelson. Inform can generate programs designed for the Z-code or Glulx virtual machines. Versions 1 through 5 were released between 1993...
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- 2006
S-Lang
S-Lang is an interpreted programming language designed by John E. Davis to provide extensibility to C-based applications in the form of an embedded interpreter. Created in 1992, its original syntax reflected its origins as a stack-oriented language,...
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Introduced:
- 1992
BLISS
BLISS is a system programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon University by W. A. Wulf, D. B. Russell, and A. N. Habermann around 1970. It was perhaps the best known systems programming language right up until C made its debut a few years...
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Introduced:
- 1970
ColorForth
colorForth is a programming language from the Forth programming language's original designer, Chuck Moore, developed in the 1990s. There was an earlier predecessor called 386 OK which appeared for sale at Silicon Valley Forth Interest Group (SV-Fig)...
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NetLogo
NetLogo is a multi-agent programming language and integrated modeling environment.
NetLogo was designed in the spirit of the Logo programming language to be "low threshold and no ceiling," that is to enable easy entry by novices and yet meet the...
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- 1999
DIBOL
DIBOL or Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language, which is well-suited for Management Information Systems (MIS) software development. It has a syntax similar to FORTRAN and...
Language Paradigms:
View entire collection »Introduced:
- 1970
Frink
Frink is a calculating tool and programming language designed by Alan Eliasen. It is built on the Java Virtual Machine and incorporates features similar to Java, Perl, Ruby, Smalltalk, and various BASIC implementations. Its main focus is on the...
Language Paradigms:
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- 2001
StarLogo
StarLogo is an agent-based simulation language developed by Mitchel Resnick, Eric Klopfer, and others at MIT Media Lab and MIT Teacher Education Program. It is an extension of the Logo programming language, a dialect of Lisp. Designed for education,...
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Parent Language:
Language Paradigms:
- Multi-agent system ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language ,
- Educational programming language
Influenced By:
CHILL
In computing, CHILL (an acronym for CCITT High Level Language) is a procedural programming language designed for use in telecommunications switches (the hardware used inside telephone exchanges). The language is still used for legacy systems in some...
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Introduced:
- 1980
Combined Programming Language
The Combined Programming Language (CPL) was a computer programming language developed jointly between the Mathematical Laboratory at the University of Cambridge and the University of London Computer Unit during the 1960s. The collaborative effort...
Language Paradigms:
- Multi-paradigm programming language ,
- Imperative programming ,
- Structured programming ,
- Procedural programming
Influenced By:
Introduced:
- 1963
Euler programming language
Euler is a programming language created by Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber, conceived as an extension and generalization of ALGOL 60. The designers' goal was to create a language:
Euler employs a general type concept. In Euler, arrays, procedures,...
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SETL
SETL (SET Language) is a very-high level programming language based on the mathematical theory of sets. It was originally developed by Jack Schwartz at the NYU Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in the late 1960s.
SETL provides two basic...
Language Paradigms:
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- 1969
ALGOL 58
ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages. It was an early compromise design soon superseded by ALGOL 60. According to John Backus
"The Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference had two principal motives in...
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Influenced:
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Introduced:
- 1958
Cilk
Cilk is a general-purpose programming language designed for multithreaded parallel computing.
The biggest principle behind the design of the Cilk language is that the programmer should be responsible for exposing the parallelism, identifying...
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Introduced:
- 1994
Unified Parallel C
Unified Parallel C (UPC) is an extension of the C programming language designed for high-performance computing on large-scale parallel machines, including those with a common global address space (SMP and NUMA) and those with distributed memory (eg....
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Oaklisp
Oaklisp is a portable object-oriented Scheme by Kevin J. Lang and Barak A. Pearlmutter while Computer Science PhD students at Carnegie Mellon University. Oaklisp uses a superset of Scheme syntax. It is based on generic operations rather than...
Language Paradigms:
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Functional programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 1986
Object-Oriented Turing
Object-Oriented Turing is an extension of the Turing programming language and a replacement for Turing Plus created by Ric Holt of the University of Toronto in 1991. It is imperative, object-oriented, and concurrent. It has modules, classes, single...
Parent Language:
Language Paradigms:
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language ,
- Concurrent computing
Introduced:
- 1991
FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC is a free/open source (GPL), 32-bit BASIC compiler for Microsoft Windows, protected-mode DOS (DOS extender), Linux, and Xbox.
FreeBASIC allows a high level of support for programs written for QBasic, by using the "QB" dialect. Many...
Influenced By:
Introduced:
- 2004
Yoix
In computer programming, Yoix is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. The Yoix interpreter is implemented using standard Java technology without any add-on packages and requires only a Sun-compliant JVM to...
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- 2000
Sleep programming language
Sleep (as of Simple Language for Environment Extension Purposes) is a procedural scripting language inspired by Perl and Objective-C. The only known implementation of the language is written in Java and is intended for embedding into existing Java...
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Introduced:
- 2002
Linoleum programming language
The L.in.oleum (often called Linoleum or simply Lino) programming language is an unstructured, untyped, procedural, cross-platform assembler developed by Italian private programmer Alessandro Ghignola beginning in 2001. (The unusual acronym stands...
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TUTOR programming language
The TUTOR programming language is a language developed for use on the PLATO system at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign around 1965. TUTOR was initially designed by Paul Tenczar for use in computer assisted instruction (CAI) and...
Split-C
The Split-C project website describes Split-C as:
a parallel extension of the C programming language that supports efficient access to a global address space on current distributed memory multiprocessors. It retains the "small language" character of...
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Arc
Arc is a dialect of the Lisp programming language now under development by Paul Graham and Robert Morris.
In 2001 Paul Graham announced that he was working on a new dialect of Lisp named "Arc". Over the years since, he has written several essays...
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Introduced:
- 2008
NIL
NIL was a 32-bit implementation of Lisp developed at MIT and intended to be the successor to MacLisp. NIL stood for "New Implementation of LISP", and was in part a response to DECs VAX computer. The project was headed by Jon L White , with a stated...
Turing Plus
Turing+ (Turing Plus) is a concurrent systems programming language based the Turing programming language designed by James Cordy and Ric Holt, then at the University of Toronto, in 1987. Some, but not all, of the features of Turing+ were eventually...
Parent Language:
Influenced:
Language Paradigms:
- Object-oriented programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language ,
- Concurrent computing
Introduced:
- 1987
CGOL
CGOL (pronounced "see goll") is an alternative syntax for the MACLISP programming language, featuring an extensible algebraic notation. It was created by Vaughan Pratt.
The notation of CGOL is a traditional algebraic notation (sometimes called ...
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- 1976
Ambi
Ambi is a structured, imperative, stack-based, computer programming language designed and implemented by David R. Pratten.
Ambi is a programming language generalised from Reverse Polish Notation arithmetic. Other languages such as Forth and RPL have...
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- 2009
Falcon
Falcon is an open source, multi-paradigm programming language. Design and implementation is led by Giancarlo Niccolai, a native of Bologna, Italy and Information Technology graduate from Pistoia.
Falcon translates computer source code to virtual...
Language Paradigms:
- Functional programming ,
- Procedural programming ,
- Prototype-based programming ,
- Multi-paradigm programming language
Introduced:
- 2003
Babbage
Babbage is the high level assembly language for the GEC 4000 series minicomputers. It was named after Charles Babbage, an English computing pioneer.
