Radiation therapy: Used To Treat

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Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy (also radiotherapy or radiation oncology, sometimes abbreviated to XRT) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). Radiotherapy may be...

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Passive smoking,; Personal history of lung cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dyspnea,; Hemoptysis,; Cough,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Surgery,; Chemotherapy,; more ▼

Leukemia

Leukemia (British English: leukaemia) (Greek leukos λευκός, "white"; aima αίμα, "blood") is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood...

x Risk Factors:: Human T-lymphotropic virus,; Down syndrome,; Chemotherapy,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Headache,; Infection,; Sleep hyperhidrosis,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Stem cell transplantation,; Radiation therapy,; Immunotherapy,; more ▼

Brain tumor

The brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can be cancerous or non-cancerous (benign). It is defined as any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the...

x Risk Factors:: Family history of brain tumors,; Radiation poisoning,; White,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Vomiting,; Mental confusion,; Balance disorder,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Surgery,; Targeted therapy,; more ▼

Kaposi's sarcoma

A malignant neoplasm characterized by a vascular proliferation which usually contains blunt endothelial cells. Erythrocyte extravasation and hemosiderin deposition are frequently present. The most frequent site of involvement is the skin; however it...

x Risk Factors:: AIDS,; HIV infection,; Male,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Skin ulcer,; Dyspnea,; Bowel obstruction,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Interferon,; Paclitaxel,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages. Treatment consists of surgery (including local excision) in early...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Early sexual activity,; Sexually transmitted disease,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dyspareunia,; Increased vaginal discharge,; Vaginal bleeding,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Chemotherapy,; Cervical conization,; Loop electrical excision procedure,; more ▼

Skin cancer

Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes. The most common skin cancers are basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer, and melanoma. Skin cancer generally develops in the epidermis (the outermost layer of skin), so a...

x Risk Factors:: Ultraviolet radiation exposure,; Personal history of skin cancer,; Family history of skin cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Mole,; Skin lesion,; Skin ulcer

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Cryosurgery,; Mohs surgery

Acromegaly

Acromegaly (pronounced /ækroʊˈmeɪgʌliː/) (from Greek akros "extreme" or "extremities" and megalos "large" - extremities enlargement) is a syndrome that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (hGH) after epiphyseal plate...

x Risk Factors:: History of Pituitary Tumor

x Symptoms:: Hepatomegaly,; Erectile dysfunction,; Cardiomegaly,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Bromocriptine,; Octreotide,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the breast, usually in the inner lining of the milk ducts or lobules. There are different types of breast cancer, with different stages (spread), aggressiveness, and genetic makeup. With best treatment, 10...

x Risk Factors:: Radiation therapy,; Sedentary lifestyle,; Family history of breast cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Breast lump,; Nipple tenderness,; Nipple discharge,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Mastectomy,; Chemotherapy,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Distinct from Hodgkin lymphoma both morphologically and biologically, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, can occur at any age, and usually presents as a localized or generalized lymphadenopathy...

x Risk Factors:: Immunosuppression,; Immunodeficiency,; Infection,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Chest pain,; Fatigue,; Pyrexia,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Chemotherapy,; Stem cell transplantation,; Immunotherapy,; more ▼

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. The cancer cells may metastasize (spread) from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate...

x Risk Factors:: High testosterone levels,; Obesity,; Male,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Urinary Frequency,; Difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine,; Nocturia,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; External beam radiotherapy,; Prostate brachytherapy,; more ▼

Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome (also called hyperadrenocorticism or hypercorticism) is a hormone (endocrine) disorder caused by high levels of cortisol (hypercortisolism) in the blood. This can be caused by taking glucocorticoid drugs, or by tumors that produce...

x Risk Factors:: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,; Female,; Prolonged use of corticosteroid

x Symptoms:: Lipodystrophy,; Hyperglycemia,; Flushing,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Metyrapone,; Mitotane,; Adrenalectomy,; more ▼

Cancer

Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking

x Symptoms:: cerebella tumor,; Medulloblastoma

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Chemotherapy,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid neoplasm or thyroid cancer usually refers to any of four kinds of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland: papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected...

x Risk Factors:: Female,; Diet low in iodine,; White,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dysphonia,; Dysphagia,; Dyspnea,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Thyroidectomy,; Lobectomy,; more ▼

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine; it is located in...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Infection,; Family history of bladder cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Hematuria,; Frequent urination,; Dysuria,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Chemotherapy,; Surgery,; more ▼

Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. With 655,000 deaths worldwide per year, it is the third most common form of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer...

x Risk Factors:: High-fat diet,; Personal history of colon cancer,; Personal history of uterine cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Weight loss,; Narrow stools,; Abdominal pain,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Vaccine,; Chemotherapy,; more ▼

Esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the esophagus. There are various subtypes, primarily squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell cancer arises from the cells that line the upper part of the esophagus. Adenocarcinoma arises from...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Male,; Overweight,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Weight loss,; Chest pain,; Hematemesis,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Esophagectomy,; Surgery,; more ▼

Liver cancer

Hepatic tumors are tumors or growths on or in the liver (medical terms pertaining to the liver often start in hepato- or hepatic from the Greek word for liver, hepar). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). They may be discovered on...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Primary sclerosing cholangitis,; Male,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Weight loss,; Vomiting,; Ascites,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Cryotherapy,; Cryosurgery,; more ▼

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (from myelo-, bone marrow), also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease (after Otto Kahler) is a cancer of the white blood cells known as plasma cells. A type of B cell, plasma cells are a crucial part of...

x Risk Factors:: Black,; Male,; Obesity,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Infection,; Bone fracture,; Fatigue,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Lenalidomide,; Chemotherapy,; Bortezomib,; more ▼

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. In the United States, between 7,500 and 8,000 diagnoses of testicular cancer are made each year. Over his lifetime, a man's risk of testicular cancer...

x Risk Factors:: Cryptorchidism,; HIV infection,; Family history of testicular cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Sexual dysfunction,; Lumbago,; Painless testicular lump,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Chemotherapy,; Inguinal orchiectomy,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas. Each year in the United States, about 42,470 individuals are diagnosed with this condition and 35,240 die from the disease. The prognosis is relatively poor but has improved; the three-year...

x Risk Factors:: Old age,; Tobacco smoking,; Male,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Anorexia,; Weight loss,; Jaundice,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Pancreaticoduodenectomy,; Pancreatectomy,; more ▼

Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer refers to several types of malignancy which arise from the endometrium, or lining of the uterus. Endometrial cancers are the most common gynecologic cancers in the United States, with over 35,000 women diagnosed each year in the U...

x Risk Factors:: Obesity,; Nulliparity,; Early onset of menstruation,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Pelvic pain,; Abnormal vaginal discharge,; Anemia,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Hormone therapy,; Radiation therapy,; Surgery,; more ▼

Oral cancer

Oral cancer or Oral cavity cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, is any cancerous tissue growth located in the oral cavity. It may arise as a primary lesion originating in any of the oral tissues, by metastasis from a distant site of origin, or...

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Alcohol use,; Ultraviolet radiation exposure,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Erythroplakia,; Neck lump,; Erythroleukoplakia,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Radiation therapy,; Chemotherapy,; more ▼

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from different parts of the ovary. The most common form of ovarian cancer (≥80%) arises from the outer lining (epithelium) of the ovary.. However, recent evidence shows cells that line the Fallopian tube ...

x Risk Factors:: Female,; Old age,; Nulliparity,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Fatigue,; Indigestion,; Bloating,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Chemotherapy,; Surgery,; Radiation therapy

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rapidly developing cancer which develops in the cells of the retina, the light detecting tissue of the eye. In the developed world, Rb has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers (95-98%), with more than nine out...

x Risk Factors:

x Symptoms:: Strabismus,; Leukocoria

x Treatments:: Cryotherapy,; Radiation therapy,; Enucleation

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a type of cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes. It was named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described abnormalities in the lymph...

x Risk Factors:: Male,; Old age,; Younger age,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Unintentional Weight Loss,; Night Sweats,; Lymphadenopathy,; more ▼

x Treatments:: ABVD,; COPP-ABVD Regimen,; Stanford V,; more ▼

Melanoma

A malignant, usually aggressive tumor composed of atypical, neoplastic melanocytes. Most often, melanomas arise in the skin (cutaneous melanomas) and include the following histologic subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral...

x Risk Factors:: Personal history of skin cancer,; Immunosuppression,; Sunburn,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Asymmetry,; Border irregularity,; Color,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Radiation therapy,; Chemotherapy,; more ▼

Head and neck cancer

The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity (mouth), nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Most head and neck cancers...

x Risk Factors:

x Symptoms:

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is a form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells characterized by excess lymphoblasts. Malignant, immature white blood cells continuously multiply and are overproduced in the bone marrow. ALL causes...

x Risk Factors:: Chemotherapy,; Radiation poisoning,; Family history of acute lymphocytic leukemia,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dyspnea,; Pyrexia,; Weight loss,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Chemotherapy,; Radiation therapy,; Bone marrow transplant,; more ▼

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells. Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid...

x Risk Factors:

x Symptoms:: Nodule,; Dysphonia,; Numbness of the face or tongue,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Adjuvant,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Throat cancer

Throat cancer may refer to:

x Risk Factors:: Poor dental hygiene,; Tobacco use,; Diet lacking in fruits and vegetables,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dysphagia,; Weight loss,; Dysphonia,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Radiation therapy,; Targeted therapy,; more ▼

Bone Metastases

x Risk Factors:

x Symptoms:

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy

Kidney cancer

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Obesity,; Dialysis,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Fatigue,; Back pain,; Hematuria,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Radiation therapy,; Embolization,; more ▼

Anaplastic thyroid cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) (or undifferentiated) is a form of thyroid cancer which has a very poor prognosis (14% ten-year survival rate) due to its aggressive behavior and resistance to cancer treatments. Anaplastic tumors have a high miotic...

x Risk Factors:: Male,; Goitre,; Thyroid nodule,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dysphagia,; Lower neck mass,; Dysphonia,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Chemotherapy,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Papillary thyroid cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer. It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 30-40 year age group. It is also the predominant cancer type in children with thyroid cancer, and in patients with thyroid...

x Risk Factors:: Female,; Too much iodine in the diet,; Family history of thyroid cancer,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Thyroid nodule

x Treatments:: Radiation therapy,; Hormone therapy,; Surgery,; more ▼

Follicular thyroid cancer

Follicular thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid cancer which occurs more commonly in women of over 50 years old. Thyroglobulin (Tg) can be used as a tumor marker for well-differentiated follicular thyroid cancer. It is not possible to distinguish...

x Risk Factors:: Diet low in iodine,; Family history of thyroid cancer,; Thyroid nodule,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Dysphonia,; Thyroid nodule,; Throat pain,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Radioactive iodine therapy,; Surgery,; Hormone therapy,; more ▼

Medullary thyroid cancer

Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin. Approximately 25% of Medullary Thyroid Cancer is genetic in nature, caused by a mutation in the...

x Risk Factors:: Female,; Family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome,; Radiation therapy

x Symptoms:: Diarrhea,; Breathing problems,; Goitre,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Surgery,; Hormone therapy,; Radiation therapy,; more ▼

Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

A group of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung carcinomas have a poor response to conventional chemotherapy. --2002

x Risk Factors:: Tobacco smoking,; Passive smoking,; Environmental exposure to carcinogens,; more ▼

x Symptoms:: Pneumonia,; Dysphonia,; Wheeze,; more ▼

x Treatments:: Chemotherapy,; Laser therapy,; Surgery,; more ▼

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

A highly aggressive subtype of lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant small cells and necrosis. Metastatic disease is usually present at the time of diagnosis. (NCI05)