The Tongzhi Emperor (Chinese: 同治帝; pinyin: Tóngzhìdì, 27 April 1856– 12 January 1875), born Zaichun, was the ninth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1861 to 1875. His reign, which effectively lasted through his adolescence, was largely overshadowed by the rule of his mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi. Although he had little influence over court affairs, the time of his reign gave rise to w...
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The Tongzhi Emperor (Chinese: 同治帝; pinyin: Tóngzhìdì, 27 April 1856– 12 January 1875), born Zaichun, was the ninth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1861 to 1875. His reign, which effectively lasted through his adolescence, was largely overshadowed by the rule of his mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi. Although he had little influence over court affairs, the time of his reign gave rise to what historians call the "Tongzhi Restoration" (Chinese: 同治中兴), an unsuccessful attempt to stabilize and modernize China.
The only surviving son of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Empress Dowager Cixi, Tongzhi attempted political reform in the period of the Tongzhi Restoration. His first reign name was Qixiang (祺祥; Man: fengšengge sabingga), but this name was later abandoned by Cixi in favour of Tongzhi, a contraction of the classical phrase tóngguī yǔ zhì (Simplified Chinese: 同归与治, Traditional Chinese: 同歸與治), which means "to reform/restore...
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