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  Clubbing

  In medicine, clubbing (also known as "Drumstick fingers," "Hippocratic fingers," and "Watch-glass nails") is a deformity of the fingers and fingernails that is associated with a number of diseases, mostly of the heart and lungs. Idiopathic clubbing can also occur. Hippocrates was probably the first...
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  Hemoptysis

  Hemoptysis or haemoptysis is the expectoration (coughing up) of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs (e.g. in tuberculosis or other respiratory infections). This can be due to bronchitis or pneumonia most commonly, but also to lung neoplasm (in smokers, when...
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  Pneumonia

  Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the lung. Frequently, it is described as lung parenchyma/alveolar inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). The alveoli are microscopic air-filled sacs in the lungs responsible for absorbing oxygen. Pneumonia can...
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  Cyanosis

  Cyanosis is a blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of > 5g/dl deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface. Although human blood is always a shade of red (except in rare cases of hemoglobin-related disease), the optical properties of skin distort...

• Cough

  A cough ( pronunciation (help·info) Latin: tussis), in medicine, is a sudden and often repetitively occurring defense reflex which helps to clear the large breathing passages from excess secretions, irritants, foreign particles and microbes. The cough reflex consists of three phases: an inhalation,...

• Dysphonia

  Dysphonia is the medical term for disorders of the voice: an impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs (it is distinct from dysarthria which means disorders of speech, that is, an impairment in the ability to produce spoken words). Thus, dysphonia is a phonation...

• Barrel chest

  Barrel chest refers to an increase in the anterior posterior diameter of the chest wall resembling the shape of a barrel. It is most often associated with emphysema. There are two main causes of the barrel chest phenomena in emphysema. 1) Increased compliance of the lungs leads to the accumulation...

• Chronic cough

  Chronic cough is a cough that persists for more than three weeks.

• Chest pain

  In medicine, chest pain is a number of serious conditions and is generally considered a medical emergency. Even though it may be determined that the chest pain is non-cardiac in origin, this is often a diagnosis of exclusion made after ruling out more serious causes of the pain. As in all medicine,...

• Dyspnea

  Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /dɪsp'niə/), from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek dyspnoia from dyspnoos, shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is a debilitating symptom that is the experience of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations. It is a common symptom of...