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Xinjiang (Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕíntɕjɑ́ŋ]; Uyghur: شىنجاڭ‎, Shinjang; Chinese: 新疆; pinyin:...

Xinjiang (Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕíntɕjɑ́ŋ]; Uyghur: شىنجاڭ‎, Shinjang; Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: Xīnjiāng; Wade-Giles: Hsin-chiang; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang) is an autonomous region (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region) of the People's Republic of China and also claimed by the Republic of China. Older English-language reference works often refer to the area as Chinese Turkestan, Sinkiang, East Turkestan, or Uyghuristan. More specifically, at times, the term East Turkestan only referred to the Xinjiang area south of the Tian Shan mountains, North of the Tian Shan was called Dzungaria (Zungaria). The general region of Xinjiang has been known by many other names in earlier times including: 西域 (Mandarin: xiyu) = 'Western Regions', Chinese Tartary, High Tartary, East Chagatay, Mugholistan, Kashgaria, Altishahr ('the six cities' of the Tarim), Little Bokhara and Serindia. The name "Xinjiang", which literally means "New Frontier" , was given during the Qing Dynasty. In the early part of the Qing Dynasty, the name "Xinjiang" was used to refer to any area of former a Chinese empire that had been previously lost but was regained by the Qing—for example, part of present-day Xinjiang was