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The İstiklâl Marşı (Independence March) is the Turkish National Anthem, officially adopted on 12...

The İstiklâl Marşı (Independence March) is the Turkish National Anthem, officially adopted on 12 March 1921 - two and a half years before the 29 October 1923 establishment of the Republic of Turkey, both as a motivational musical saga for the troops fighting in the Turkish War of Independence, and as an anthem for a Republic that was yet to be established. Penned by Mehmet Akif Ersoy and ultimately composed by Osman Zeki Üngör, the theme is one of affection for the Turkish homeland, freedom, and faith, of sacrifice for liberty, and of hope and devotion, explored through visual, tactile and kinesthetic imagery as they relate to the flag, the human spirit and the soil of the homeland. The Anthem is regularly heard during state and military events, as well as during national festivals, bayrams, sporting events, and school ceremonies. Of the ten-stanza anthem, only the first two quatrains are typically sung- with an upright, immobile and solemn composure. A framed version of the national anthem typically occupies the wall above the blackboard in the classrooms of every public -as well as most private- school in Turkey (accompanied by a Turkish flag, a photograph of the country's