Æ (Lower case: æ) is a grapheme formed from the letters a and e. Originally a ligature representing a Latin diphthong, it has been promoted to the full status of a letter in the alphabets of some languages, including Danish and Norwegian. As a letter of the Old English alphabet, it was called æsc ("ash tree") after the Anglo-Saxon futhorc rune ᚫ which it transliterated; its traditional name in English is still Ash (IPA: /ˈæʃ/).
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Œ
Œ (minuscule: œ) is a Latin alphabet grapheme, a ligature of o and e. In medieval and early modern Latin, it was used to represent the Greek diphthong οι, a usage which continues in English and French. In French, it is also used in some non-Latin words. It is used in the modern orthography for Old... -
Ss
The letter ß (Unicode U+00DF) is a ligature in the German alphabet typically used to replace a double "s" in a word. Its German name is Eszett (pronounced [ɛsˈtsɛt], lexicalized expression for sz) or scharfes S (IPA: [ˈʃaʁfəs ɛs], sharp S), and is pronounced as an unvoiced s (IPA: [s]). There are...