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The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Vreizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval tribal...

The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Vreizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval tribal and feudal state covering the Armorican peninsula west of Mont-Saint-Michel and north of Nantes/Naoned, including Rennes/Roazhon and Vannes/Gwened. It largely corresponded to the French region called Bretagne, historic Brittany, a region with strong traditions of independence, including a distinctive culture and the Breton language. The incorporation of Brittany into the Carolingian empire ensured that the political and social institutions were similar to those prevailing elsewhere in western Francia. Until the 10th century, Brittany was severely affected by Viking attacks and ducal authority was weak. In the declining years of the Roman Empire, the earliest Breton rulers in Gaul were styled "kings" of the small realms of Cornouaille and Domnonia, established by Romano-British migrants in the Armorican peninsula. There were some individuals who may have established hegemony over all Brythonic populations in the whole area, notably Riothamus, who is described as King of the Britons by the chronicler Jordanes. However there are no clear rulers of Brittany as a whole, which was divided