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20th-century classical music developed or reacted to the trends started in the previous century. At...

20th-century classical music developed or reacted to the trends started in the previous century. At the turn of the century, music was characteristically late Romantic in style, while at the same time the Impressionist movement, spearheaded by Claude Debussy, was being developed in France. America also began developing its own vernacular style of classical music, notably in the works of Charles Ives, John Alden Carpenter, and (later) George Gershwin, while in Vienna, Arnold Schoenberg conceived atonality and later developed the twelve-tone technique. Classical music in the 20th century varied greatly. The varieties included: Perhaps the most salient feature during this time period of classical music was the increased use of dissonance. Because of this, the 20th century is sometimes called the "Dissonant Period" of classical music, following the common practice period, which emphasized consonance (Schwartz and Godfrey 1993, 9–43). The watershed transitional moment was the international Paris Exposition celebrating the centennial of the French Revolution, in 1889 (Fauser 2005). As time has passed, however, it is increasingly accepted, though by no means universally so, that the