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file is a standard Unix program for determining the type of data contained in a computer file. The...

file is a standard Unix program for determining the type of data contained in a computer file. The original version of file originated in Unix Research Version 4 in 1973. System V saw a major update with several important changes, most notably moving the file type information into an external text file rather than compiling it into the binary itself. All major BSD and Linux distributions use a free, open-source reimplementation which was written in 1986-87 by Ian Darwin from scratch. It was expanded by Geoff Collyer in 1989 and since then has had input from many others, including Guy Harris, Chris Lowth and Eric Fischer; from late 1993 onward its maintenance has been organized by Christos Zoulas. The Single Unix Specification (SUS) specifies that a series of tests are performed on the file specified on the command line: file's position-sensitive tests are normally implemented by matching various locations within the file against a textual database of magic numbers (see the Usage section). This differs from other simpler methods such as file extensions and schemes like MIME. In most implementations, the file command uses a database to drive the probing of the lead bytes. That