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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a vaccine that prevents infection with certain species of...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a vaccine that prevents infection with certain species of human papillomavirus associated with the development of cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers. Two HPV vaccines are currently on the market: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both vaccines protect against two of the HPV types (HPV-16 and HPV-18) that can cause cervical cancer, and some other genital cancers; Gardasil also protects against two of the HPV types that cause genital warts. In addition to cervical cancer and warts, some commercially available vaccines have been shown to prevent potential precursors to anal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancers. Public health officials in Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States recommend vaccination of young women against HPV to prevent cervical cancer and genital warts, and to reduce the number of painful and costly treatments for cervical dysplasia, which is caused by HPV. Worldwide, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in adults. For example, more than 80% of American women will have contracted at least one strain of HPV by age fifty. Although most women infected with genital HPV will not have