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Windows Vista, an operating system released by Microsoft in November 2006, has received substantial...

Windows Vista, an operating system released by Microsoft in November 2006, has received substantial criticism by reviewers and users. Due to issues with privacy, security, performance, and product activation, Windows Vista has been the subject of a number of negative assessments by various groups. In February 2008, Bitlocker was shown to be vulnerable to a cold boot attack. According to the researchers, the risk can be mitigated by configuring two-factor authentication (e.g. a boot PIN in conjunction with a TPM), by disabling power standby mode and using hardware that overwrites memory during POST if the operating system does not shut down cleanly. The following concerns have been raised about the new User Account Control (UAC) security technology: Many third-party programs do not follow the principle of least privilege and therefore need be run as an administrator, triggering UAC prompts. For some time, Microsoft has recommended that programs be written to run as a standard user. However, because nearly all users are administrators by default in previous versions of Windows, many developers have incorrectly assumed that their applications will always execute with these privileges,