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National Medal of Science for Engineering
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Claude Elwood Shannon
Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001), an American electronic engineer and mathematician, is known as "the father of information theory".
Shannon is famous for having founded information theory with one landmark paper published...
Clarence Johnson
Clarence Leonard "Kelly" Johnson (February 27, 1910 – December 21, 1990) was an aircraft engineer and aeronautical innovator. As a member and first team leader of the Lockheed Skunk Works, Johnson worked for more than four decades and is said to...
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Harold Eugene Edgerton
Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton (April 6, 1903 – January 4, 1990) was a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is largely credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument...
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Robert Noyce
Robert Norton Noyce (December 12, 1927 – June 3, 1990), nicknamed "the Mayor of Silicon Valley", co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957 and Intel in 1968. He is also credited (along with Jack Kilby) with the invention of the integrated circuit...
Vannevar Bush
Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974; pronounced /væˈniːvɑr/ van-NEE-var) was an American engineer and science administrator known for his work on analog computing, his political role in the development of the atomic bomb as a primary...
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Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977) was a German American rocket physicist and astronautics engineer, becoming one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Germany and the United...
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Jack Kilby
Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 - June 20, 2005) was a Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 2000 for his invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at Texas Instruments (TI). He is also the inventor of the handheld calculator and...
J. Presper Eckert
John Adam Presper "Pres" Eckert Jr. (April 9, 1919 – June 3, 1995) was an American electrical engineer and computer pioneer. With John Mauchly he invented the first general-purpose electronic digital computer (ENIAC), presented the first course in...
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William Reddington Hewlett
William Reddington Hewlett (May 20, 1913 – January 12, 2001) was an engineer and the co-founder, with David Packard, of the Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). He was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan but moved to San Francisco at 3 years old. He attended...
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Edwin H. Land
Edwin Herbert Land (May 7, 1909 – March 1, 1991) was an American scientist and inventor, best known as the co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation. Among other things, he invented inexpensive filters for polarizing light, a practical system of in...
Theodore von Karman
Theodore von Kármán (original Hungarian name: Szőllőskislaki Kármán Tódor) (May 11, 1881 – May 7, 1963) was a Hungarian-American engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for...
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Igor Sikorsky
Igor Sikorsky (25 May [O.S. 13 May] 1889 – 26 October 1972), born Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (Russian: Игорь Иванович Сикорский, Ukrainian: Ігор Іванович Сікорський), was a Russian-American pioneer of aviation in both helicopters and fixed-wing...
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Richard Whitcomb
Richard T. Whitcomb (February 21, 1921–October 13, 2009), was a American aeronautical engineer noted for his significant contributions to the science of aerodynamics.
Whitcomb was born in Evanston, Illinois but grew up in Worcester, Massachusetts...
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T. Y. Lin
Tung-Yen Lin (林同炎, pinyin: Lín Tóngyán) (November 14, 1912 – November 15, 2003) was a structural engineer who was the pioneer of standardizing the use of prestressed concrete.
Born in Fuzhou, China as the fourth of eleven children, he was raised in...
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Nick Holonyak
Nick Holonyak, Jr. (born in Zeigler, Illinois on November 3, 1928) invented the first visible LED in 1962 while working as a consulting scientist at a General Electric Company laboratory in Syracuse, New York and has been called "the father of the...
William Henry Pickering
William Henry Pickering (February 15, 1858 – January 17, 1938) was an American astronomer, brother of Edward Charles Pickering.
He discovered Saturn's ninth moon Phoebe in 1899 from plates taken in 1898. He also believed he had discovered a tenth...
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George Low
George Michael Low, born George Wilhelm Low (June 10, 1926 – July 17, 1984) was a NASA administrator and 14th President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He was born near Vienna, Austria to Artur and Gertrude Burger Low, small business people in...
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Yuan-Cheng Fung
Yuan-Cheng "Bert" Fung (born 1919) is a scientist, regarded as a founding figure of bioengineering and the "Founder of Modern Biomechanics".
Fung was born in Jiangsu Province, China in 1919. He earned a Bachelor's degree in 1941 and a Master's...
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Ernst Heinrich Weber
Ernst Heinrich Weber (Wittenberg, June 24, 1795 – January 26, 1878) was a German physician who is considered a founder of experimental psychology.
Weber studied medicine at Wittenberg University. In 1818 he was appointed Associate Professor of...
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Guyford Stever
Horton Guyford Stever (born October 24, 1916) is an American administrator, physicist, educator, and engineer.
Stever was raised in Corning, NY, principally by his maternal grandmother. He played football in high school. He graduated from Colgate...
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Frederick Terman
Frederick Emmons Terman (June 7, 1900 in English, Indiana – December 19, 1982) was an American academic. He is widely credited (together with William Shockley) with being the father of Silicon Valley.
Terman completed his undergraduate degree in...
John Robinson Pierce
John Robinson Pierce (March 27, 1910 – April 2, 2002), was an American engineer and author. He worked extensively in the fields of radio communication, microwave technology, computer music, psychoacoustics, and science fiction. Born in Iowa, he...
Ed Heinemann
Edward Henry Heinemann, (14 March 1908 – 26 November 1991) was a noted military aircraft designer for Douglas Aircraft.
Heinemann was born in Saginaw, Michigan, but moved to California as a boy and was raised in Los Angeles. A self-taught engineer,...
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Simon Ramo
Simon "Si" Ramo (born May 7, 1913) is an American physicist, engineer, and business leader. He led development of microwave and missile technology and is sometimes known as the father of the Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). He has been...
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Mildred Dresselhaus
Mildred S. Dresselhaus (born Mildred Spiewak on November 11, 1930 in The Bronx, New York) is an Institute Professor and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Dresselhaus received her...
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Morris Cohen
Morris Cohen (November 27, 1911 – May 27, 2005).
Born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, United States, Cohen spent his entire career affiliated with MIT. He graduated from his undergraduate degree in 1933, receiving his doctorate three years later, and was...
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Bernard M. Oliver
Bernard M. Oliver (1919 – 1995), aka Barney Oliver, was an eminent scientist who made important contributions in many fields, including radar, television, and computers. He was the founder and director of Hewlett Packard (HP) laboratories until his...
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Hugh Latimer Dryden
Dr. Hugh Latimer Dryden (July 2, 1898 – December 2, 1965) was an aeronautical scientist and civil servant. He served as NASA Deputy Administrator from August 19, 1958 until his death.
He was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland, the son of Samuel Isaac...
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Robert S. Langer
Robert S. Langer (born August 29, 1948 in Albany, New York) an engineer and an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was formerly the Germeshausen Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and maintains activity...
Calvin Quate
Calvin F. Quate was born on 7 December 1923 in Baker, Nevada. He is one of the inventors of the atomic force microscope. He is a professor of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University.
He earned his bachelor's degree in...
Peter Carl Goldmark
Peter Carl Goldmark (Hungarian: Goldmark Péter Károly) (December 7, 1906 – December 7, 1977) was a Hungary-German engineer who, during his time with Columbia Records, was instrumental in developing the long-playing (LP) microgroove 33-1/3 rpm vinyl...
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Erwin Müller
Erwin Wilhelm Müller (or Mueller) (June 13, 1911, in Berlin – May 17, 1977, in Washington D.C.) was a German physicist who invented the field emission microscope, the field ion microscope, and the atom probe. He was the first person to...
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Leo Beranek
Leo Leroy Beranek (born September 15, 1914) is an acoustics expert, former MIT professor and a founder and former president of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (now BBN Technologies).
A student of piano at an early age, Beranek, growing up in Mount Vernon,...
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Willis Hawkins
Willis M. Hawkins (December 1, 1913 – September 28, 2004) was an aeronautical engineer for Lockheed for more than fifty years. He was hired to the company in 1937, immediately after receiving his bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering from...
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Nathan M. Newmark
Nathan Mortimore Newmark (September 22, 1910 - January 25, 1981) was an American structural engineer and academic. He was awarded the National Medal of Science for engineering.
Newmark was born in Plainfield, New Jersey to Abraham and Mollie Newmark...
Alfred Y. Cho
Alfred Yi Cho (Chinese: 卓以和; born in 1937) is the Adjunct Vice President of Semiconductor Research at Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs. He is known as the "father of molecular beam epitaxy"; a technique he developed at that facility in the late 1960s. He...
Emmett Leith
Emmett Leith (March 12, 1927 in Detroit, Michigan – December 23, 2005 in Ann Arbor, Michigan) was a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Michigan and, with Juris Upatnieks of the University of Michigan, the co-inventor of three...
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Luna Leopold
Luna Bergere Leopold (October 8, 1915 in Albuquerque, New Mexico – February 23, 2006 in Berkeley, California) was a leading U.S. geomorphologist and hydrologist, and son of Aldo Leopold. He received a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of...
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Kenneth N. Stevens
Kenneth N. Stevens is Clarence J. LeBel Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at MIT. Stevens heads the Speech Communication Group in MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE),...
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John Roy Whinnery
John Roy Whinnery (b. July 26, 1916 in Read, Colorado, d. Feb 1, 2009 in Walnut Creek, CA), was an American electrical engineer and educator who worked in the fields of microwave theory and laser experimentation.
He received the B.S. degree in...
Rudolf Kompfner
Rudolf Kompfner (May 16, 1909 – December 3, 1977) was an Austrian-born engineer and physicist, best known as the inventor of the traveling-wave tube (TWT).
Kompfner was born in Vienna to Jewish parents. He was originally trained as an architect and...
Raymond D. Mindlin
Raymond David Mindlin (New York City, 17 September 1906 to 22 November 1987) was a mechanician who made seminal contributions to many branches of applied mechanics, applied physics, and engineering sciences. Mindlin was the second of three sons of...
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C. Kumar N. Patel
C. Kumar N. Patel (1938-07-02 - ) developed the carbon dioxide laser in 1963; it is now widely used in industry for cutting and welding, as a laser scalpel in surgery, and in laser skin resurfacing. Because the atmosphere is quite transparent to...
James Flanagan
James Loton Flanagan is an electrical engineer, and was Rutgers University's vice president for research until 2004. He is also director of Rutgers' Center for Advanced Information Processing and the Board of Governors Professor of Electrical and...
Warren K. Lewis
Warren Kendall Lewis (21 August 1882-9 March 1975) was an MIT professor who has been called the father of modern chemical engineering. He co-authored an early major textbook on the subject which essentially introduced the concept of unit operations....
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Manson Benedict
Manson Benedict (9 October 1907 in Lake Linden, Michigan — 18 September 2006 in Naples, Florida) was a professor of nuclear engineering at MIT. From 1958 to 1968, he was the chairman of the advisory committee to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission....
George Mueller
George Mueller (born July 16, 1918) was hailed as one of NASA's "most brilliant and fearless managers". He was Associate Administrator of the Office of Manned Space Flight from September 1963 until December 1969. He was instrumental in the "All-up"...
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Hans W. Liepmann
Hans Wolfgang Liepmann (1914-2009) German American engineer and emeritus Theodore von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology.
He is known for his numerous contributions in fluid mechanics covering a wide range of...
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Hermann A. Haus
Hermann Anton Haus (1925–2003) was a Slovene-American physicist, electrical engineer, and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Haus' research and teaching ranged from fundamental investigations of quantum uncertainty as...
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Abel Wolman
Abel Wolman (June 10, 1892 – February 22, 1989) was an American inventor, scientist, professor and pioneer of modern sanitary engineering. His work in supplying clean water spanned eight decades.
Wolman was born, grew up, was educated, lived and...
Ray W. Clough
Raymond William Clough, (born 1920), is Byron L. and Elvira E. Nishkian Professor of Structural Engineering in the department of Civil Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley 1942 and one the founders of the Finite Element Method (FEM)...
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George H. Heilmeier
George Harry Heilmeier (born May 22, 1936) is an American engineer and businessman, who was a pioneering contributor to liquid crystal displays.
Heilmeier was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received his BS in Electrical Engineering from the...
Ralph Brazelton Peck
Dr. Ralph Brazelton Peck (June 23, 1912 – February 18, 2008) was an eminent civil engineer specializing in soil mechanics. He died on February 18, 2008 from congestive heart failure. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1975 "for his...
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Harry George Drickamer
Prof. Harry George Drickamer (November 19, 1918 – May 6, 2002), born Harold George Weidenthal, was a pioneer experimentalist in high-pressure studies of condensed matter. His work generally concerned understanding the electronic properties of matter...
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Daniel C. Drucker
Daniel C. Drucker (1918 – 2001) was an authority on the theory of plasticity in the field of applied mechanics. He was awarded the Timoshenko Medal in 1983. He taught at Brown University from 1946 until 1968 when he joined the University of Illinois...
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Eli Ruckenstein
Dr Eli Ruckenstein is a Distinguished Professor, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. His main research areas are catalysis, surface phenomena, colloids and emulsions, and...
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Andreas Acrivos
Andreas Acrivos (born 13 June 1928) is the Albert Einstein Professor of Science and Engineering, Emeritus at the City College of New York. He is also the Director of the Benjamin Levich Institute for Physicochemical Hydrodynamics.
Born in Athens,...
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George W. Housner
George W. Housner (December 9, 1910 (Saginaw, Michigan) - November 10, 2008 (Pasadena, California)) was an eminent authority on earthquake engineering and National Medal of Science laureate. Housner received his Bachelors degree in Civil Engineering...
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