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Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x Influenced By | x Peers | x Influenced | x article |
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| x Peers | |||||
| x Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte | Friedrich Hölderlin | Karl Marx |
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeɔɐ̯k ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡəl]) (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism. His historicist and idealist account of reality as a...
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| Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling | John Dewey | |||
| Johann Gottfried Herder | Martin Heidegger | ||||
| Johann Sebastian Bach | Søren Kierkegaard | ||||
| Anselm of Canterbury | Jacques Lacan | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |
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Johann Gottfried Herder | Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfɡaŋ fɔn ˈɡøːtə] ( listen), 28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of...
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| Denis Diderot | Wilhelm von Humboldt | Friedrich Nietzsche | |||
| Samuel Richardson | Charles Darwin | ||||
| Johann Sebastian Bach | Kurt Gödel | ||||
| William Shakespeare | Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Karl Marx |
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Adam Smith | Friedrich Engels | Nicos Poulantzas |
Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a Prussian philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist...
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| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Max Stirner | Louis Althusser | |||
| Thomas More | Heinrich Heine | Jean-Paul Sartre | |||
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Isaiah Berlin | ||||
| Baruch Spinoza | Michel Foucault | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Johann Gottlieb Fichte |
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Immanuel Kant | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814; German pronunciation: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]) was a German philosopher. He was one of the founding figures of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the...
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| Baruch Spinoza | Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling | ||||
| Karl Leonhard Reinhold | Arthur Schopenhauer | ||||
| Salomon Maimon | Thomas Carlyle | ||||
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Hermann von Helmholtz | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x John Dewey |
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | William James | John Rawls |
John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism...
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Thorstein Veblen | Richard Rorty | |||
| Charles Darwin | James Mark Baldwin | Noam Chomsky | |||
| George Herbert Mead | Karel Čapek | ||||
| Charles Peirce | Edvard Beneš | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Martin Heidegger |
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Jean-Paul Sartre |
Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976); German pronunciation: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]) was a German philosopher known for his existential and phenomenological explorations of the "question of Being."
Heidegger argues that philosophy is...
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| Søren Kierkegaard | Michel Foucault | ||||
| Friedrich Nietzsche | Jacques Derrida | ||||
| Edmund Husserl | Jürgen Habermas | ||||
| Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling | Leo Strauss | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Friedrich Hölderlin |
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Pindar | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Hermann Hesse |
Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːhan ˈkʁɪsti.aːn ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhœldɐliːn]; 20 March 1770 – 7 June 1843) was a major German lyric poet, commonly associated with the artistic movement known as Romanticism. Hölderlin was...
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| Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling | Friedrich Nietzsche | ||||
| Walter Benjamin | |||||
| Theodor W. Adorno | |||||
| Günter Grass | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Friedrich Engels |
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Johann Jakob Bachofen | Karl Marx | Georg Lukács |
Friedrich Engels (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɛŋəls]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German-English industrialist, social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, alongside Karl Marx. In 1845...
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| Adam Smith | Max Stirner | Jean-Paul Sartre | |||
| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | William Morris | Leon Trotsky | |||
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Mao Zedong | ||||
| David Ricardo | Rosa Luxemburg | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Aeschylus |
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Pythagoras | Sophocles |
Aeschylus (Greek: Αἰσχύλος, Aiskhulos; c. 525/524 BC – c. 456/455 BC) was the first of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays can still be read or performed, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. He is often described as the father of...
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| Hans-Georg Gadamer | |||||
| Grigol Robakidze | |||||
| x Sophocles |
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Aeschylus | Euripides |
Sophocles ( /ˈsɒfəkliːz/; Greek: Σοφοκλῆς, Sophoklēs, Greek pronunciation: [sopʰoklɛ̂ːs]; c. 497/6 BC – winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus,...
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| Dominik Smole | |||||
| Heiner Müller | |||||
| Grigol Robakidze | |||||
| Malcolm Lowry | |||||
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| x Euripides |
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Sophocles | Aristophanes |
Euripides (Greek: Εὐριπίδης) (ca. 480 – 406 BC) was one of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him but according to the Suda it was ninety...
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| Protagoras | Seneca the Younger | ||||
| Socrates | Menander | ||||
| Anaxagoras | Robinson Jeffers | ||||
| Jeffrey Eugenides | |||||
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| x Socrates |
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Parmenides | Aristophanes |
Socrates ( /ˈsɒkrətiːz/; Greek: Σωκράτης, Ancient Greek pronunciation: [sɔːkrátɛːs], Sōkrátēs; c. 469 BC – 399 BC) was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known...
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| Anaxagoras | Euripides | ||||
| Plato | |||||
| Antisthenes | |||||
| Leo Strauss | |||||
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| x Aristophanes |
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Socrates | Plato |
Aristophanes (English pronunciation: /ˌærɨˈstɒfəniːz/; Ancient Greek: [aristopʰánɛːs]; Ἀριστοφάνης, ca. 446 BC – ca. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaus, was a comic playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his 40 plays survive...
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| Euripides | Søren Kierkegaard | ||||
| Pindar | Heinrich Heine | ||||
| x Thales |
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Anaximander |
Thales of Miletus ( /ˈθeɪliːz/; Greek: Θαλῆς, Thalēs; c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him as the first philosopher in...
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| Pythagoras | |||||
| George Edward Moore | |||||
| Immanuel Kant | |||||
| x Anaximander |
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Thales | Pythagoras |
Anaximander ( /əˌnæksɨˈmændər/; Greek: Ἀναξίμανδρος, Anaximandros; c. 610 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia; Milet in modern Turkey. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings...
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| Aristotle | |||||
| Martin Heidegger | |||||
| x Aristotle |
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Anaximander | Alexander the Great |
Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music,...
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| Epicurus | Ammonius Saccas | ||||
| Plato | Augustine of Hippo | ||||
| Hippocrates | Roger Bacon | ||||
| Heraclitus | Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Anaxagoras |
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Pericles | Euripides |
Anaxagoras (Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagoras, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 BC – 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae in Asia Minor, Anaxagoras was the first philosopher to bring philosophy from Ionia to Athens. He...
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| Socrates | |||||
| x Pericles |
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Protagoras | Anaxagoras | Thucydides |
Pericles (Greek: Περικλῆς, Periklēs, "surrounded by glory"; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian...
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| Zeno of Elea | |||||
| x Pythagoras |
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Anaximander | Euclid |
Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος [Πυθαγόρης in Ionian Greek] Pythagóras ho Sámios "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply Πυθαγόρας; b. about 570 – d. about 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the...
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| Thales | Aeschylus | ||||
| Pherecydes of Syros | Plato | ||||
| Geber | |||||
| Johannes Kepler | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Euclid |
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Pythagoras | Blaise Pascal |
Euclid ( /ˈjuːklɪd/ EWK-lid; Greek: Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs), fl. 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC...
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| Isaac Newton | |||||
| Marin Mersenne | |||||
| Adrien-Marie Legendre | |||||
| Giuseppe Peano | |||||
| x Leucippus |
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Zeno of Elea | Democritus |
Leucippus or Leukippos (Greek: Λεύκιππος, first half of 5th century BCE) was one of the earliest Greeks to develop the theory of atomism — the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms —...
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| x Democritus |
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Leucippus | Epicurus |
Democritus (Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmokritos, "chosen of the people") (ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher born in Abdera, Thrace, Greece. He was an influential pre-Socratic philosopher and pupil of Leucippus, who formulated an...
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| Melissus of Samos | Asclepiades of Bithynia | ||||
| Lucretius | |||||
| George Santayana | |||||
| Francis Bacon | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Plato |
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Pythagoras | Zeno of Citium |
Plato ( /ˈpleɪtoʊ/; Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn, "broad"; 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC) was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of...
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| Protagoras | Aristotle | ||||
| Socrates | Cicero | ||||
| Heraclitus | Ammonius Saccas | ||||
| Aristophanes | Mani | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Protagoras |
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Zeno of Elea | Pericles |
Protagoras ( /ˈproʊtæɡərəs/; Greek: Πρωταγόρας, ca. 490 BC – 420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the...
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| Parmenides | Plato | ||||
| Democritus | Euripides | ||||
| Giovanni Gentile | |||||
| Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Zeno of Citium |
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Plato | Cleanthes |
Zeno of Citium (Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitiéŭs;, c. 334 BC – c. 262 BC) was a Greek language philosopher of Phoenician origin from Citium (Greek: Κίτιον). Zeno was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens...
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| Heraclitus | Chrysippus | ||||
| Crates of Thebes | Seneca the Younger | ||||
| Stilpo | Epictetus | ||||
| Hipparchia the Cynic | Panaetius | ||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Cleanthes | Zeno of Citium | Chrysippus |
Cleanthes (Ancient Greek: Κλεάνθης, Kleanthēs; c. 330 BC – c. 230 BC), of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and the successor to Zeno as the second head (scholarch) of the Stoic school in Athens. Originally a boxer, he came to Athens where he...
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| Epictetus | |||||
| x Chrysippus |
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Cleanthes | Cicero |
Chrysippus of Soli (Ancient Greek: Χρύσιππος ὁ Σολεύς, Chrysippos ho Soleus; c. 279 BC – c. 206 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the...
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| Zeno of Citium | Seneca the Younger | ||||
| Plato | Epictetus | ||||
| Aristotle | |||||
| x Epicurus |
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Democritus | Aristotle |
Epicurus (Greek: Ἐπίκουρος, Epikouros, "ally, comrade"; 341 BCE – 270 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written...
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| Pyrrho | Lucretius | ||||
| Aristippus | Friedrich Nietzsche | ||||
| John Stuart Mill | |||||
| Karl Marx | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Xenophanes | Parmenides |
Xenophanes of Colophon (Greek: Ξενοφάνης ὁ Κολοφώνιος IPA: [ksenopʰánɛːs ho kolopʰɔ̌ːnios], English: /zəˈnɒfəniːz/; c.570 – c.475 BC) was a Greek philosopher, theologian, poet, and social and religious critic. Xenophanes' life was one of travel,...
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| Baruch Spinoza | |||||
| x Parmenides |
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Xenophanes | Socrates |
Parmenides of Elea ( /pɑrˈmɛnɨdiːz əv ˈɛliə/; Greek: Παρμενίδης ὁ Ἐλεάτης; fl. early 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy....
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| Heraclitus | Zeno of Elea | ||||
| Pythagoras | Aristotle | ||||
| Plato | |||||
| Baruch Spinoza | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Zeno of Elea |
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Parmenides | Pericles |
Zeno of Elea ( /ˈziːnoʊ əv ˈɛliə/; Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Ἐλεάτης; ca. 490 BC – ca. 430 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of southern Italy and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic....
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| Aristotle | |||||
| Plato | |||||
| Protagoras | |||||
| Leucippus | |||||
| x Antisthenes |
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Socrates | Diogenes of Sinope |
Antisthenes (Greek: Ἀντισθένης; c. 445 BCE – c. 365 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates. Antisthenes first learned rhetoric under Gorgias before becoming an ardent disciple of Socrates. He adopted and developed the ethical side of...
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| Crates of Thebes | |||||
| Gustavo Bueno | |||||
| x Cicero |
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Plato | Petrarch |
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( /ˈsɪsɨroʊ/; Classical Latin: [ˈkɪkɛroː]; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC; sometimes anglicized as Tully), was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, orator, political theorist, Roman consul and constitutionalist. He...
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| Chrysippus | Michel de Montaigne | ||||
| Lucretius | Giambattista Vico | ||||
| Posidonius | David Hume | ||||
| Panaetius | Augustine of Hippo | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Seneca the Younger |
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Euripides | Michel de Montaigne |
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (often known simply as Seneca; ca. 4 BC – 65 AD) was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and in one work humorist, of the Silver Age of Latin literature. He was tutor and later advisor to emperor Nero. While he was...
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| Chrysippus | Alain de Botton | ||||
| Zeno of Citium | Jean Racine | ||||
| Ovid | Joost van den Vondel | ||||
| Virgil | Pierre Corneille | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Alexander the Great |
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Aristotle |
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas from the Greek αλέξω alexo "to defend, help" + ανήρ aner "man"), was a king of Macedon, a state in...
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| x Plotinus |
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Ammonius Saccas | Augustine of Hippo |
Plotinus (Greek: Πλωτῖνος) (ca. 204/5–270 CE) was a major philosopher of the ancient world. In his system of theory there are the three principles: the One, the Intellect, and the Soul. His teacher was Ammonius Saccas and he is of the Platonic...
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| Plato | Avicenna | ||||
| Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius | |||||
| Johannes Scotus Eriugena | |||||
| Averroes | |||||
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| x Ammonius Saccas | Plato | Plotinus |
Ammonius Saccas (3rd century AD) (Greek: Ἀμμώνιος Σακκᾶς) was a Greek philosopher from Alexandria who was often referred to as one of the founders of Neoplatonism. He is mainly known as the teacher of Plotinus, whom he taught for eleven years from...
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| Aristotle | Origen | ||||
| x Origen |
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Ammonius Saccas | John Hick |
Origen (English pronunciation: /ˈɒrɪdʒən/; Greek: Ὠριγένης Ōrigénēs), or Origen Adamantius (184/185 – 253/254), was an early Christian Alexandrian scholar and theologian, and one of the most distinguished writers of the early Church. As early as the...
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| Plato | Theognostus of Alexandria | ||||
| Nikolai Lossky | |||||
| Joseph de Maistre | |||||
| x Augustine of Hippo |
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Plotinus | Thomas Aquinas |
Augustine of Hippo ( /ɒˈɡʌstɨn/ or /ˈɔːɡəstɪn/; Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; November 13, 354 – August 28, 430), also known as Augustine, St. Augustine, St. Austin, St. Augoustinos, Blessed Augustine, or St. Augustine the Blessed, was...
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| Aristotle | Petrarch | ||||
| Paul of Tarsus | Giovanni Pico della Mirandola | ||||
| Mani | Giambattista Vico | ||||
| Cicero | Johannes Scotus Eriugena | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Thomas Aquinas |
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Johannes Scotus Eriugena | René Descartes |
Thomas Aquinas, O.P. ( /əˈkwaɪnəs/ ə-KWY-nəs; 1225 – 7 March 1274), also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino, was an Italian Dominican priest of the Roman Catholic Church, and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of...
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| Aristotle | Immanuel Kant | ||||
| Avicenna | Francisco Suárez | ||||
| Albertus Magnus | Lorenzo Valla | ||||
| Augustine of Hippo | Duns Scotus | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Isaiah |
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Jeremiah |
Isaiah ( /aɪˈzeɪ.ə/ or UK /aɪˈzaɪ.ə/; Hebrew: יְשַׁעְיָהוּ, Modern Yeshayahu Tiberian Yəšạʻyā́hû ; Greek: Ἠσαΐας, Ēsaïās ; "Yahu is salvation") was a prophet who lived in the 8th-century BC Kingdom of Judah. Jews and Christians consider the Book of...
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| x Jeremiah |
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Isaiah |
Jeremiah ( /dʒɛrɨˈmaɪ.ə/; Hebrew：יִרְמְיָה, Modern Hebrew:Yirməyāhū, IPA: jirməˈjaːhu, Tiberian:Yirmĭyahu, Greek:Ἰερεμίας), meaning "Yah exalts", also called the "Weeping prophet" was one of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible. Jeremiah is...
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| x Jesus Christ |
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Paul of Tarsus |
Jesus of Nazareth ( /ˈdʒiːzəs/; Greek: Ἰησοῦς; 7–2 BC/BCE to 30–36 AD/CE), also referred to as Jesus Christ or simply Christ, is the central figure of Christianity, and is also regarded as an important prophet of God in Islam. Most Christian...
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| Mani | |||||
| Constantine I | |||||
| Augustine of Hippo | |||||
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Lucretius |
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Epicurus | Virgil |
Titus Lucretius Carus (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is an epic philosophical poem laying out the beliefs of Epicureanism, De rerum natura, translated into English as On the Nature of Things or "On the...
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| Democritus | Michel de Montaigne | ||||
| Empedocles | George Santayana | ||||
| Clément Rosset | |||||
| Ovid | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Paul of Tarsus |
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Jesus Christ | Augustine of Hippo |
Paul the Apostle (c. AD 5 – c. AD 67; variously referred to as the "Apostle Paul" or "Saint Paul"), also known as Saul of Tarsus, is perhaps the most influential early Christian missionary. The writings ascribed to him by the church form a...
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| Constantine I | |||||
| Thomas Aquinas | |||||
| Hannah Arendt | |||||
| Ray Blackston | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Virgil |
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Lucretius | Horace | Dante Alighieri |
Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil (English pronunciation: /ˈvɜrdʒəl/) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature...
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| Homer | Petrarch | ||||
| Callimachus | Michel de Montaigne | ||||
| Ennius | Jorge Luis Borges | ||||
| Philodemus | T. S. Eliot | ||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Roger Bacon |
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Aristotle | Francis Bacon |
Roger Bacon, O.F.M. (c. 1214–1294), (scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis, meaning "wonderful teacher"), was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods. He is...
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| John Wycliffe | John Wycliffe | ||||
| x Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius |
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Aristotle | Thomas Aquinas |
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, commonly called Boethius (ca. 480–524 or 525 AD) was a philosopher of the early 6th century. He was born in Rome to an ancient and prominent family which included emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius and many...
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| Plotinus | Lorenzo Valla | ||||
| Cicero | Duns Scotus | ||||
| Plato | Pierre Abélard | ||||
| Seneca the Younger | Dante Alighieri | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Thomas Hobbes |
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René Descartes | John Stuart Mill |
Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for...
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| Ben Jonson | John Locke | ||||
| Francis Bacon | Baruch Spinoza | ||||
| Hugo Grotius | Michael Oakeshott | ||||
| Epicurus | Adam Smith | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x René Descartes |
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Thomas Aquinas | Jean le Rond d'Alembert |
René Descartes French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt] (Latinized form: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch...
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| William of Ockham | Thomas Hobbes | ||||
| Avicenna | George Berkeley | ||||
| Plato | Blaise Pascal | ||||
| Aristotle | Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x Duns Scotus |
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Henry of Ghent | William of Ockham |
Blessed John (Johannes) Duns Scotus (pronounced Dæns Scohtoos) , O.F.M. (c. 1265 – November 8, 1308) was one of the more important theologians and philosophers of the High Middle Ages. He was nicknamed Doctor Subtilis for his penetrating and subtle...
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| Anselm of Canterbury | Giambattista Vico | ||||
| Thomas Aquinas | René Descartes | ||||
| Porphyry | Martin Heidegger | ||||
| Aristotle | Charles Peirce | ||||
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| x William of Ockham |
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Duns Scotus | René Descartes |
William of Ockham ( /ˈɒkəm/; also Occam, Hockham, or several other spellings; c. 1288 – c. 1348) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to...
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| Aristotle | Willard Van Orman Quine | ||||
| Thomas Aquinas | William Crathorn | ||||
| John Wycliffe | John Wycliffe | ||||
| Pierre Abélard | |||||
| x Dante Alighieri |
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Virgil | Giotto di Bondone | Auguste Rodin |
Durante degli Alighieri, mononymously referred to as Dante (UK /ˈdænti/, US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/; Italian: [ˈdante]; c1265–1321), was an Italian poet, prose writer, literary theorist, moral philosopher, and political thinker. He is best known for the...
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| Ptolemy | Sandro Botticelli | ||||
| Homer | Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | ||||
| Ovid | Elizabeth Barrett Browning | ||||
| Horace | Samuel Beckett | ||||
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| x Petrarch |
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Augustine of Hippo | John Milton |
Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism". In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model...
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| Virgil | Adam Mickiewicz | ||||
| Cicero | France Prešeren | ||||
| Ovid | Gheorghe Asachi | ||||
| Ugo Foscolo | |||||
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| x Ptolemy |
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Aristotle | Nicolaus Copernicus |
Claudius Ptolemy ( /ˈtɒləmi/; Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaudios Ptolemaios; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. AD 90 – c. AD 168), was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and...
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| Dante Alighieri | |||||
| Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi | |||||
| Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi | |||||
| Tycho Brahe | |||||
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| x Nicolaus Copernicus |
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Ptolemy | Isaac Newton |
Nicolaus Copernicus (German: Nikolaus Kopernikus; Italian: Nicolò Copernico; Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik (help·info); in his youth, Niclas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a...
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| Nasir al-Din Tusi | Tycho Brahe | ||||
| Aristotle | Galileo Galilei | ||||
| Giordano Bruno | |||||
| Thomas Digges | |||||
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| x Immanuel Kant |
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Thomas Aquinas | Friedrich Albert Lange |
Immanuel Kant (German pronunciation: [ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl ˈkant]; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher from Königsberg (today Kaliningrad of Russia), researching, lecturing and writing on philosophy and anthropology at the end of the...
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Johann Georg Hamann | ||||
| Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz | Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher | ||||
| David Hume | Samuel Taylor Coleridge | ||||
| Baruch Spinoza | Johann Gottlieb Fichte | ||||
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| x Auguste Rodin |
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Dante Alighieri | Rainer Maria Rilke |
François-Auguste-René Rodin (12 November 1840 – 17 November 1917), known as Auguste Rodin ( /oʊˈɡuːst roʊˈdæn/ oh-GOOST roh-DAN; French: [oɡyst ʁɔdɛ̃]), was a French sculptor. Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture...
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| Michelangelo | Alberto Giacometti | ||||
| Gustav Vigeland | |||||
| Antoine Bourdelle | |||||
| Edgar Bertram Mackennal | |||||
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| x Albertus Magnus |
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Aristotle | Thomas Aquinas |
Albertus Magnus, O.P. (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint. He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the...
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| Avicenna | Dante Alighieri | ||||
| Maimonides | Nicholas of Cusa | ||||
| Al-Farabi | |||||
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| x Giovanni Pico della Mirandola |
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Avicenna | Girolamo Benivieni | Michelangelo |
Count Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoˈvanni ˈpiko della miˈrandola]; 24 February 1463 – 17 November 1494) was an Italian Renaissance philosopher. He is famed for the events of 1486, when at the age of 23, he proposed to...
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| Averroes | Poliziano | Giordano Bruno | |||
| Aristotle | Girolamo Savonarola | Desiderius Erasmus | |||
| Marsilio Ficino | Thomas More | ||||
| Lorenzo de' Medici | Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz | ||||
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