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Freebase Data Team for the Medicine Commons
Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates; only human bones are currently included in this type. Structures that are a part of a bone are also included here.
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55 Bone topics matching:
Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x article |
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| x Incus |
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The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna.
The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The...
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| x Malleus |
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The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer.
It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to...
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| x Stapes |
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The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the "oval window" medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The...
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| x Femur |
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The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the body) bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs. In vertebrates with...
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| x Acetabulum |
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The acetabulum (pronounced /æsɪˈtæbjulʌm/) is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.
There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the...
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| x Scapula |
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In anatomy, the scapula, omo (Medical Latin), or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
The scapula forms the posterior (back) located part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat...
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| x Sacrum |
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The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part...
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| x Maxilla |
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The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis. Sometimes (e.g. in bony fish), the...
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| x Mandible |
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The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds; in this case the "lower mandible"...
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| x Trapezoid bone |
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The trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone) is a carpal bone in tetrapods, including humans. It is the smallest bone in the distal row. It may be known by its wedge-shaped form, the broad end of the wedge constituting the dorsal, the narrow end the...
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| x Trapezium |
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The trapezium bone (greater multangular bone) is a carpal bone, in what is commonly referred to as the wrist.
The trapezium is distinguished by a deep groove on its palmar surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, between the...
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| x Tibia |
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The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is named for the greek aulos flute, also known as a tibia.
The tibia is...
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| x Hyoid bone |
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The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the...
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| x Zygomatic bone |
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The zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is...
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| x Sternum |
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The sternum (from Greek στέρνον,sternon, "chest" or breastbone) is a long flat bone (or, in some models, set of three bones) shaped like a capital 'T' located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, forming...
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| x Patella |
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The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is attached to the tendon of the...
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| x Ethmoid bone |
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The ethmoid bone (from Greek ethmos, "sieve") is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction...
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| x Sphenoid bone |
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The sphenoid bone (from Greek sphenoeides, "wedgelike") is an unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form...
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| x Occipital bone |
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The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity...
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| x Frontal bone |
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The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull that resembles a cockleshell in form, and consists of two portions:
The frontal bone is presumed to be derived from neural crest cells.
The border of the squama frontalis is thick, strongly serrated,...
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| x Temporal bone |
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The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull.
The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple.
Each consists of four parts:
The structure of the squama is like that of the other cranial bones: the mastoid...
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| x Nasal bone |
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The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, "the bridge" of the nose.
Each has two surfaces and...
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| x Inferior nasal conchae |
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The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. Each...
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| x Fibula |
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The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity...
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| x Metatarsus |
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The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side ...
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| x Metacarpus |
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The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones.
The metacarpals...
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| x Scaphoid bone |
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The scaphoid Bone is situated at the radial (radius bone) side of the carpus, or laterally between the hand and the forearm in standard medical posture (thumbs pointing outwards). The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist...
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| x Capitate bone |
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The capitate bone is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and...
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| x Hamate bone |
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The hamate bone (unciform bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be readily distinguished by its wedge-shaped form, and the hook-like process which projects from its volar surface. It is situated at the medial and lower angle of the carpus, with...
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| x Lunate bone |
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The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore...
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| x Calcaneus |
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In humans, the calcaneus or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitute the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock.
In humans, the calcaneus is the largest of the tarsal bones and the largest bone of the foot. In...
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| x Pisiform bone |
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The pisiform bone (also called pisiform or lentiform bone) is a small knobbly, pea-shaped wrist bone.
The pisiform bone is found in the proximal row of the carpus. It is located where the ulna (inner bone of the forearm when in anatomical position)...
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| x Triquetral bone |
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The triquetral bone (also called triquetrum bone, pyramidal bone, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side...
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| x Greater trochanter |
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The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system.
It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because...
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| x Thoracic vertebrae |
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The 12 thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one...
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| x Cribriform plate |
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The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities.
Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the...
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| x Talus bone |
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The talus bone or astragalus is a bone in the tarsus of the foot that forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula. Within the tarsus,...
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| x Ilium |
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The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to...
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| x Linea aspera |
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The linea aspera (L. rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.
Its margins diverge above and below.
The linea aspera is a prominent longitudinal ridge or...
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| x Ischium |
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The ischium forms the lower and back part of the hip bone (os coxae). The word comes from the Greek ischion, meaning "hip." (Taber's, 1985).
Situated below the ilium and behind the pubis, it is one of these three bones whose fusion creates the coxa....
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| x Pubis |
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The android pubic bone is the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis.
It is covered by a layer of fat, which is covered by the mons pubis.
It is divisible into a body, a superior ramus and an inferior...
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| x Lesser trochanter |
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The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects
It projects from the lower and back part of the base of the femur neck.
From its apex three well-marked borders extend:
The...
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| x Vertebra prominens |
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Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This...
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| x Ramus mandibulae |
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The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes.
The lateral surface is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part; it gives attachment throughout nearly the...
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| x Sphenoidal conchae |
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The sphenoidal conchae (sphenoidal turbinated processes) are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid. An aperture of variable size exists in the anterior wall of each, and through this the...
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| x Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid |
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The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite.
Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the upper parts of which are...
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| x Great wings of the sphenoid |
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The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards.
The greater wings of the...
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| x Small wings of the sphenoid |
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The lesser wings of the sphenoid or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points [Fig. 1].
The main features of the lesser wing are the...
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| x Ossification of ethmoid |
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The ethmoid is ossified in the cartilage of the nasal capsule by three centers: one for the perpendicular plate, and one for each labyrinth.
The labyrinths are first developed, ossific granules making their appearance in the region of the lamina...
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| x Labyrinth of ethmoid |
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The Labyrinth or Lateral Mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal cells, arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral...
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| x Fifth metacarpal bone |
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The fifth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the little finger or pinky finger) is the most lateral metacarpal.
It presents on its base one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the hamate, and one on its...
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| x Fourth metacarpal bone |
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The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third.
The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small...
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| x Third metacarpal bone |
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The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second.
The dorsal aspect of its base presents on its radial side a pyramidal eminence, the styloid process, which extends upward behind the capitate;...
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| x Second metacarpal bone |
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The second metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the index finger) is the longest, and its base the largest, after the first metacarpal.
Its base is prolonged upward and medialward, forming a prominent ridge.
It presents four articular facets: three...
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| x First metacarpal bone |
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The first metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the thumb) which connects to the thumb is shorter and stouter than the others, diverges to a greater degree from the carpus, and its volar surface is directed toward the palm.
The body is flattened and...
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