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Freebase Data Team for the Medicine Commons
The "brain structure" type includes all anatomical structures of the human brain.
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204 Brain Structure topics matching:
Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x article |
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| x Entorhinal cortex |
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The entorhinal cortex (EC) (ento = interior, rhino = nose, entorinal = interior to the rhinal sulcus). is located in the medial temporal lobe and functions as a hub in a widespread network for memory and navigation. The EC is the main interface...
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| x Broca's area |
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Broca's area is a region of the hominid brain with functions linked to speech production.
The production of language has been linked to the Broca’s area since Pierre Paul Broca reported impairments in two patients. They had lost the ability to speak...
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| x Substantia nigra |
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The substantia nigra is a brain structure located in the mesencephalon (midbrain) that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia...
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| x Hypothalamus |
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The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑπό = under and θάλαμος = room, chamber) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system...
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| x Thalamus |
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The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος = inner chamber) is a midline symmetrical structure within the brains of vertebrates including humans, situated between the cerebral cortex and midbrain. Its function includes relaying sensory and motor signals to...
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| x Basal ganglia |
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The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit. They are situated at the base of the forebrain and are strongly connected with the cerebral cortex,...
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| x Medulla oblongata |
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The medulla oblongata is the lower half of the brainstem. In discussions of neurology and similar contexts where no ambiguity will result, it is often referred to as simply the medulla. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and...
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| x Pons |
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The pons is a structure located on the brain stem, named after the Latin word for "bridge" or the 16th-century Italian anatomist and surgeon Costanzo Varolio (pons Varolii). It is cranial to the medulla oblongata, caudal to the midbrain, and ventral...
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| x Brain stem |
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In vertebrate anatomy the brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial...
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| x Corpus callosum |
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The corpus callosum (Latin: tough body), also known as the colossal commissure, is a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and...
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| x Ventricular system |
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The ventricular system is a set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
The system comprises four ventricles:
There are several small holes or foramina that connect these...
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| x Dentate gyrus |
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The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. It is thought to contribute to the formation of new memories, as well as possessing other functional roles. It is notable as being one of a select few brain structures currently known to have...
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| x Cingulate cortex |
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The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It includes the cortex of the cingulate gyrus, which lies immediately above the corpus callosum, and the continuation of this in the cingulate sulcus. The...
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| x Brodmann area |
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A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex defined based on its cytoarchitectonics, or structure and organization of cells.
Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by the German anatomist Korbinian Brodmann based on the...
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| x Cingulate sulcus |
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The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the cingulate sulcus from the cingulate gyrus.
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| x Caudate nucleus |
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The caudate nucleus is a nucleus located within the basal ganglia of the brains of many animal species. The caudate nucleus is an important part of the brain's learning and memory system.
The caudate nuclei are located near the center of the brain,...
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| x Olfactory bulb |
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The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors.
In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the...
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| x Parietal lobe |
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The parietal lobe is a part of the brain positioned above (superior to) the occipital lobe and behind (posterior to) the frontal lobe.
The parietal lobe integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining spatial sense...
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| x Temporal lobe |
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The temporal lobe is a region of the cerebral cortex that is located beneath the Sylvian fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.
The temporal lobe is involved in auditory perception and is home to the primary auditory cortex. It...
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| x Frontal lobe |
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The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of mammals, located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned anterior to (in front of) the parietal lobe and superior and anterior to the temporal lobes. It is separated from the parietal lobe...
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| x Central sulcus |
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The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando.
The central sulcus is a prominent landmark...
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| x Occipital lobe |
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The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17, commonly called V1 (visual one). Human V1 is located on the...
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| x Prosencephalon |
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In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the prosencephalon (or forebrain) is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) are the three primary portions...
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| x Globus pallidus |
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The globus pallidus (Latin for "pale globe") also known as paleostriatum, is a sub-cortical structure of the brain. It is part of the telencephalon, but retains close functional ties with the subthalamus - both of which are part of the...
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| x Mesencephalon |
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The midbrain or mesencephalon (from the Greek mesos - middle, and enkephalos - brain) is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation....
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| x Cerebral peduncle |
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Mainly, the three common areas that give rise to the cerebral peduncles are the cortex, the spinal cord and the cerebellum. The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the...
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| x Rhinencephalon |
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In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon is a part of the brain involved with olfaction.
The term rhinencephalon has been used to describe different structures at different points in time.
One definition includes the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract,...
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| x Raphe nuclei |
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The raphe nuclei ("raffe", Greek: ραφή = seam) are a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are...
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| x Mammillary body |
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The mammillary bodies (mamillary bodies) are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain, that, as part of the diencephalon form part of the limbic system. They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix....
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| x Choroid plexus |
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The choroid plexus (from Greek khorion "membrane enclosing the fetus, afterbirth"; "plexus": Mod.L., lit. "braid, network") is a structure in the ventricles of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced. The choroid plexus consists of...
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| x Brodmann area 40 |
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Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietal cortex in the human brain. The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal...
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| x Fornix |
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The fornix (Latin, "vault" or "arch") is a C-shaped bundle of fibers (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.
The fibres begin in the hippocampus on each side of the brain (where they are also known as the...
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| x Internal capsule |
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The internal capsule is an area of white matter in the brain that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lentiform nucleus. The internal capsule contains both ascending and descending axons.
It consists of axonal fibres that run...
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| x Nucleus accumbens |
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The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus leaning against the septum), is a collection of neurons and forms the main part of the ventral striatum. It is thought to play an...
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| x Claustrum |
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The claustrum is a thin, irregular, sheet of neurons which is attached to the underside of the neocortex in the center of the brain. It is suspected to be present in the brains of all mammals.
The claustrum is a fraction of a millimetre to a few...
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| x Corticospinal tract |
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The pyramidal tracts refers to both the corticospinal' and corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract conducts impulses from the brain to the spinal cord. It contains mostly motor axons. The corticospinal tract is made up of two separate tracts...
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| x Supraoptic nucleus |
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The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm. In humans, it contains about 3,000 neurons....
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| x Paraventricular nucleus |
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The paraventricular nucleus (PVN, PVA, or PVH) is a neuronal nucleus in the hypothalamus. It contains multiple subpopulations of neurons that are activated by a variety of stressful and/or physiological changes. Many PVN neurons project directly to...
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| x Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
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The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei, abbreviated SCN, is a tiny region on the brain's midline, situated directly above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for controlling circadian rhythms. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates...
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| x Cerebral aqueduct |
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The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to...
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| x Pulvinar |
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The pulvinar nuclei (nuclei pulvinares) are a collection of nuclei located in the pulvinar thalamus. The pulvinar part is the most posterior region of the thalamus.
The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei. The word is...
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| x Hypoglossal nucleus |
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The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, and it extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial...
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| x Medial lemniscus |
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The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus.
After neurons carrying proprioceptive or touch information synapse...
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| x Oculomotor nucleus |
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The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From...
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| x Solitary nucleus |
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The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves.
The nucleus of the solitary tract, or NTS (Latin: nucleus...
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| x Nucleus ambiguus |
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The nucleus ambiguus (literally "ambiguous nucleus") is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. It receives upper motor neuron...
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| x Medial longitudinal fasciculus |
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The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts (group of axons), one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending...
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| x Lateral lemniscus |
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The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily...
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| x Midbrain tegmentum |
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The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct.
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| x Arcuate nucleus |
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The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including:...
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| x Diencephalon |
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The diencephalon ("interbrain") is the region of the vertebrate neural tube which gives rise to posterior forebrain structures. In development, the forebrain develops from the prosencephalon, the most anterior vesicle of the neural tube which later...
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| x Locus ceruleus |
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The locus coeruleus (also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus) is a nucleus in the pons (part of the brainstem) involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It was discovered in the 18th century by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, or maybe...
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| x Postcentral gyrus |
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The lateral postcentral gyrus is a prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex, the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch. Like other...
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| x Lateral sulcus |
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The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain.
It divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below. It is in both hemispheres of the brain...
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| x Fourth ventricle |
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The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. These cavities, known collectively as the ventricular system, consist of the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth...
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| x Inferior frontal gyrus |
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The inferior frontal gyrus is a gyrus of the frontal lobe (the yellow area of the human brain image to the right). It is labelled gyrus frontalis inferior, its Latin name. In the yellow area, its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus (which...
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| x Middle frontal gyrus |
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The middle frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. (A gyrus is one of the prominent "bumps" or "ridges" on the surface of the human brain.)
The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the...
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| x Superior frontal gyrus |
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The superior frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus.
The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of...
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| x Medial longitudinal fissure |
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The great longitudinal fissure (or longitudinal cerebral fissure, or longitudinal fissure, or interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain.
The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies...
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| x Brodmann area 4 |
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Brodmann area 4 comprises the primary motor cortex of the human brain. It is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe.
Brodmann area 4 is about the same as the precentral gyrus. The borders of this area are: the precentral sulcus in...
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