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Brain Structure list
List started by
wp_typer
for the Medicine domain
The "brain structure" type includes all anatomical structures of the human brain.
| x name | x image | x Also Typed With | x article |
|---|---|---|---|
| Entorhinal cortex |
|
Anatomical structure |
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. The EC forms the main input to the hippocampus and is responsible for the pre-processing (familiarity) of the input signals. In the reflex nictitating membrane response of...
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| Broca's area |
|
Anatomical structure |
Broca's area is a section of the human brain that is involved in language processing, speech or sign production, and comprehension. Broca's area is named after the 19th-century physician Paul Broca. The concept of Broca's Area was originally...
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| Substantia nigra |
|
Anatomical structure |
The substantia nigra (Latin for "black substance", Sömmering) or locus niger is a heterogeneous portion of the midbrain, separating the pes (foot) from the tegmentum (covering), and an accessory to the basal ganglia system.
It consists of two...
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| Hypothalamus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus, (from Greek ὑποθαλαμος = under the thalamus) is located below the thalamus, just above the brain stem. This brain region...
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| Thalamus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος = room, chamber, IPA= /ˈθæləməs/) is a pair and symmetric part of the brain. It constitutes the main part of the diencephalon.
In the caudal (tail) to rostral (head) sequence of neuromeres, the diencephalon is...
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| Basal ganglia |
|
Anatomical structure |
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei in the brain interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem. Mammal basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning...
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| Medulla oblongata |
|
Anatomical structure |
The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem. It deals with autonomic functions, such as breathing and blood pressure. The cardiac center is the part of the medulla oblongata responsible for controlling the heart rate.
By anatomical...
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| Pons |
|
Anatomical structure |
The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a structure located on the brain stem. It is rostral to the medulla oblongata, caudal to the midbrain, and ventral to the cerebellum. In human and other biped this means it is above the...
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| Brain stem |
|
Anatomical structure |
The brain stem (or brainstem) is the lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. The neurons of the...
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| Corpus callosum |
|
Anatomical structure |
The corpus callosum is a structure of the mammal brain in the longitudinal fissure that connects the left and right cerebral hemisphere. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200-250 million contralateral axon...
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| Ventricular system |
|
Anatomical structure |
The ventricular system is a set of structures in the brain continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
The system comprises four ventricles:
there are a few little holes in the brain leading from these ventricles, though only the first...
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| Dentate gyrus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. It is thought to contribute to new memories as well as other functional roles. It is notable as being one of a select few brain structures currently known to have high rates of neurogenesis in...
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| Cingulate cortex |
|
Anatomical structure |
The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly.
Cingulum means belt in Latin. The name was likely chosen...
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| Brodmann area |
|
Anatomical structure |
A Brodmann area is a region of the cortex defined based on its cytoarchitecture, or organization of cells.
Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by Korbinian Brodmann based on the organization of neuron he observed in the cortex using...
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| Cingulate sulcus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex.
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| Caudate nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The caudate nucleus is a nucleus located within the basal ganglia of the brain of many animal species. The caudate, originally thought to primarily be involved with control of voluntary movement, is now known to be an important part of the brain's...
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| Olfactory bulb |
|
Anatomical structure |
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors.
In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the...
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| Parietal lobe | Anatomical structure |
The parietal lobe is a lobe in the brain. It is positioned above (superior to) the occipital lobe and behind (posterior to) the frontal lobe.
The parietal lobe integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining...
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| Temporal lobe | Anatomical structure |
The temporal lobes are parts of the cerebrum that are involved in speech, memory, and hearing. They lie at the sides of the brain, beneath the lateral or Sylvian fissure. Seen in profile, the human brain looks something like a boxing glove. The...
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| Frontal lobe | Anatomical structure |
The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of mammal. It is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned anterior to (in front of) the parietal lobe and above and anterior to the temporal lobe. It is separated from the parietal lobe...
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| Central sulcus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral cortex of brain in vertebrates. Also called the central fissure, it was originally called the fissure of Rolando or the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando.
The central sulcus is a prominent landmark...
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| Occipital lobe | Anatomical structure |
The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammal brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17, commonly called V1 (visual one). Human V1 is located on the medial...
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| Prosencephalon |
|
Anatomical structure |
In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the prosencephalon (or forebrain) is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) are the three primary portions...
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| Globus pallidus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The globus pallidus (Latin for "pale globe") is a sub-cortical structure of the brain. It is a major element of the basal ganglia system. In this system, it is a major constituent of the basal ganglia core, which consists of the striatum and its...
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| Mesencephalon |
|
Anatomical structure |
In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the tectum (or corpora quadrigemini), tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter"), and the cerebral peduncles, as well as several nuclei and fasciculi. Caudally the mesencephalon...
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| Cerebral peduncle |
|
Anatomical structure |
The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri, substantia nigra and pretectum. By this definition, the cerebral peduncles are also known...
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| Rhinencephalon |
|
Anatomical structure |
In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon is a part of the brain involved with olfaction.
Some references classify other areas of the brain related to perception of smell as rhinencephalon, but the areas of human brains that receive fibers strictly...
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| Raphe nuclei |
|
Anatomical structure |
The raphe nuclei (Latin: raphe = 'seam'; nuclei = cell 'clusters'; pronounced RAY-fee) are a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake...
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| Mammillary body |
|
Anatomical structure |
The mammillary bodies (mamillary bodies) are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain, that form part of the limbic system. They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix. They consist of two groups...
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| Choroid plexus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The choroid plexus is the area on the ventricle of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by modified ependymal cells.
Choroid plexus is present in all components of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct and the...
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| Brodmann area 40 |
|
Anatomical structure |
Brodmann area 40, or BA40, is part of the parietalcortex in the human brain. The inferior part of BA40 is in the area of the supramarginal gyrus, which lies at the posterior end of the lateral fissure, in the inferior lateral part of the parietal...
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| Fornix |
|
Anatomical structure |
The fornix (Latin, "vault" or "arch") is a C-shaped bundle of fibres (axon) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei.
The fibres begin in the hippocampus on each side of the brain (where...
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| Internal capsule |
|
Anatomical structure |
The internal capsule is an area of white matter in the brain that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lenticular nucleus. The internal capsule contains both ascending and descending axons.
It consists of axon fibres that run...
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| Nucleus accumbens |
|
Anatomical structure |
The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus leaning against the septum), is a collection of neuron within the forebrain. It is thought to play an important role in reward,...
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| Claustrum |
|
Anatomical structure |
The claustrum (Latin for barrier) is a thin layer of grey matter lying between the extreme capsule and external capsule in the brain.
The thickness of this layer is 1-2 mm. The external capsule separates the claustrum from nucleus lentiformis. The...
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| Corticospinal tract |
|
Anatomical structure |
The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axon that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord.
The corticospinal tract mostly contains motor axon. It actually consists of two separate tracts in the...
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| Supraoptic nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm, and, in humans, it contains about 3,000...
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| Paraventricular nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an aggregation of neurons in the hypothalamus which produces many hormones.
The paraventricular nucleus lies adjacent to the third ventricle, from which it derives its name, "paraventricular" meaning "alongside...
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| Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a bilateral region of the brain, located in the hypothalamus, that is responsible for controlling endogenous circadian rhythms. The neuronal and hormonal activities it generates regulate many different body...
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| Cerebral aqueduct |
|
Anatomical structure |
The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to...
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| Pulvinar |
|
Anatomical structure |
The pulvinar is the caudal-most nucleus of the thalamus. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei.
It is conventionally divided into oral, inferior, lateral, and medial subnuclei.
Lesions of the pulvinar can result in...
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| Hypoglossal nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, and it extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial...
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| Medial lemniscus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon, is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus.
After neurons carrying proprioceptive or touch information synapse...
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| Oculomotor nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From...
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| Solitary nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves.
The nucleus is located along the length of the medulla ...
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| Nucleus ambiguus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The nucleus ambiguus (literally "ambiguous nucleus") is a region of histologically disparate cell located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla.
This nucleus gives rise to the...
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| Medial longitudinal fasciculus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a pair of crossed fiber tracts (group of axon), one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending...
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| Lateral lemniscus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axon in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily...
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| Midbrain tegmentum |
|
Anatomical structure |
The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain which surrounds the cerebral aqueduct.
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| Arcuate nucleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neuron in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including:
The...
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| Diencephalon |
|
Anatomical structure |
The diencephalon (or interbrain) is the region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, prethalamus or subthalamus and pretectum. The diencephalon is located at the midline of the brain, above the mesencephalon of the...
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| Locus ceruleus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The Locus ceruleus, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus coeruleus (Latin for 'the blue spot'), is a nucleus in the brain stem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic.
The locus ceruleus was first discovered by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr....
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| Postcentral gyrus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The lateral postcentral gyrus is a prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Penfield, and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey,...
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| Lateral sulcus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain.
It divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below. It is in both hemispheres of the...
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| Fourth ventricle |
|
Anatomical structure |
The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. These cavities, known collectively as the ventricular system, consist of the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth...
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| Inferior frontal gyrus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The inferior frontal gyrus is a gyrus of the frontal lobe of the human brain. Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus, its inferior border the lateral fissure, and its posterior border is the inferior precentral sulcus. Above it is the...
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| Middle frontal gyrus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The middle frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. (A gyrus is one of the prominent "bumps" or "ridges" on the surface of the human brain.)
The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the...
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| Superior frontal gyrus |
|
Anatomical structure |
The superior frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus.
The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of...
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| Medial longitudinal fissure |
|
Anatomical structure |
The great longitudinal fissure (or longitudinal cerebral fissure, or longitudinal fissure, or interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove which separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain.
The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies...
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| Brodmann area 4 |
|
Anatomical structure |
Brodmann area 4 comprises the primary motor cortex of the human brain.
Brodmann area 4 is about the same as the precentral gyrus. The borders of this area are: the precentral sulcus in front (anterior), the medial longitudinal fissure at the top ...
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