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This type is for hormones found in the human body.
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62 Hormone topics matching:
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| x Calcidiol |
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Calcifediol (INN), also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (abbreviated 25(OH)D), is a prehormone which is produced by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in the liver. Calcidiol is then converted in the...
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| x Serotonin |
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Description could not be displayed
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| x Adiponectin |
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Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene.
Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid-long polypeptide. There are four distinct regions of adiponectin. The first is a short...
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| x Calcitonin |
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Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. It acts to reduce blood calcium ...
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| x Cholecystokinin |
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Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek chole, "bile"; cysto, "sac"; kinin, "move"; hence, move the bile-sac (gallbladder)) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein....
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| x Corticotropin-releasing hormone |
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), originally named corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and also called corticoliberin, is a polypeptide hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the stress response.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a...
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| x Erythropoietin |
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Erythropoietin, or its alternative erythropoetin (pronounced /ɨˌrɪθrɵˈpɔɪ.ɨtɨn/, /ɨˌrɪθrɵˈpɔɪtən/, or /ɨˌriːθrɵ-/) or EPO, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red...
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| x Follicle-stimulating hormone |
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone found in humans and other animals. It is synthesized and secreted by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary gland. FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes...
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| x Gastrin |
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In humans, gastrin is a hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas. Its release is stimulated by...
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| x Ghrelin |
Ghrelin is a hormone produced mainly by P/D1 cells lining the fundus of the human stomach and epsilon cells of the pancreas that stimulates hunger. Ghrelin levels increase before meals and decrease after meals. It is considered the counterpart of...
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| x Glucagon |
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Glucagon is an important hormone involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Produced by the pancreas, it is released when blood glucose levels start to fall too low, causing the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the...
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| x Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also known as Luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and luliberin, is a tropic peptide hormone responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released from...
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| x Growth hormone releasing hormone |
Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF, GHRF) or somatocrinin, is a releasing hormone for growth hormone. It is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus....
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| x Human chorionic gonadotropin |
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (American English) or Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in pregnancy that is made by the developing embryo soon after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (part of the...
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| x Human placental lactogen |
Human placental lactogen (HPL), also called human chorionic somatomammotropin, is a polypeptide placental hormone. Its structure and function is similar to that of human growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy...
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| x Growth hormone |
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Growth hormone (GH) is a protein-based poly-peptide hormone. It stimulates growth and cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. It is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide hormone that is synthesized, stored, and secreted...
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| x Inhibin |
Inhibin is a peptide that is an inhibitor of FSH synthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Inhibin contains an alpha and beta subunit linked by disulfide bonds. Two forms of inhibin differ in their beta...
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| x Insulin |
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Insulin is a hormone that has extensive effects on metabolism and other body functions, such as vascular compliance. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and...
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| x Leptin |
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Leptin (Greek leptos meaning thin) is a 16 kDa protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. It is one of the most important adipose derived hormones. The Ob(Lep) gene ...
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| x Luteinizing hormone |
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Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
LH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein. Each monomeric unit is a glycoprotein molecule; one alpha and one beta subunit make the full, functional...
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| x Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
The melanocyte-stimulating hormones (collectively referred to as MSH or intermedins) are a class of peptide hormones that in nature are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. They were first isolated by the Yale professor...
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| x Orexin |
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Orexins, also called hypocretins, are the common names given to a pair of excitatory neuropeptide hormones that were simultaneously discovered by two groups of researchers in rat brains.
The two related peptides (Orexin-A and B, or hypocretin-1 and ...
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| x Oxytocin |
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Oxytocin (pronounced /ˌɒksɨˈtoʊsɪn/) (sold as Pitocin, Syntocinon) is a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain.
It is best known for its roles in female reproduction: it is released in large amounts after distension of...
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| x Parathyroid hormone |
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the...
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| x Prolactin |
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Prolactin (PRL) or Luteotropic hormone (LTH) is a peptide hormone discovered by Dr. Henry Friesen, primarily associated with lactation. In breastfeeding, the act of an infant suckling the nipple stimulates the production of prolactin, which fills...
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| x Relaxin |
Relaxin is a peptide hormone that was first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.
The relaxin-like peptide family belongs in the insulin superfamily and consists of 7 peptides of high structural but low sequence similarity; relaxin-1 (RNL1), 2 (RNL2...
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| x Secretin |
Secretin is a hormone that controls the secretions into the duodenum, and also separately, water homeostasis throughout the body.
Acting as an anti-Müllerian hormone it is produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn. Its...
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| x Somatostatin |
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Somatostatin (also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF)) is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with...
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| x Thrombopoietin |
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Thrombopoietin (leukemia virus oncogene ligand, megakaryocyte growth and development factor), also known as TPO, is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the liver and the kidney that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow. It...
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| x Thyrotropin-releasing hormone |
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), thyroliberin or protirelin, is a tropic tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary.
TRH...
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| x Cortisol |
Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, which is part of the adrenal gland (in the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex). It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as...
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| x Aldosterone |
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Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the release (secretion) of potassium in the kidneys. This increases blood volume and, therefore, increases blood pressure. Many drugs, such as spironolactone, lower...
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| x Testosterone |
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Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal male sex...
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| x Dehydroepiandrosterone |
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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a multi-functional steroid that has been implicated in a broad range of biological effects in humans and other mammals. Together with its sulfate ester (DHEA-S), it is the most abundant steroid in humans. DHEA is...
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| x Androstenedione |
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Androstenedione (also known as 4-androstenedione) is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and...
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| x Estradiol |
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Estradiol (E2 or 17β-estradiol) (also oestradiol) is a sex hormone. Estradiol is the predominant sex hormone present in females; however, it is present in males, albeit at lower levels, as well. It represents the major estrogen in humans. Estradiol...
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| x Estrone |
Estrone (also oestrone) is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary as well as adipose tissue.
Estrone is one of the three estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol. Estrone is the least abundant of the three hormones, estradiol is...
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| x Estriol |
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Estriol (also oestriol) is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body.
It is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta from 16-OHDHEAS, an androgen steroid made in the fetal liver and adrenal...
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| x Progesterone |
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Progesterone also known as P4 (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called...
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| x Leukotriene |
Leukotrienes are fatty molecules of the immune system that contribute to inflammation in asthma and bronchitis. Leukotriene antagonists are used to treat asthma and bronchitis.
Leukotrienes are naturally produced eicosanoid lipid mediators....
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| x Prostacyclin |
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Prostacyclin (or PGI2) is a member of the family of lipid molecules known as eicosanoids.
As a drug, it is also known as "epoprostenol". The terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
During the 1960s a U.K. research team, headed by Professor John...
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| x Thromboxane |
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Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. The two major thromboxanes are thromboxane A2 and thromboxane B2.
Thromboxane is named for its role in clot formation (thrombosis).
Thromboxane-A synthase, an enzyme found in...
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| x Lipotropin |
Lipotropin is a hormone produced by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). The anterior pituitary gland produces the pro-hormone POMC, which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-lipotropin (β-LPH).
β-lipotropin is a 90 amino...
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| x Brain natriuretic peptide |
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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), now known as B-type natriuretic peptide(also BNP) or GC-B, is a 32 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). BNP is...
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| x Neuropeptide Y |
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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide neurotransmitter found in the brain and autonomic nervous system.
NPY has been associated with a number of physiologic processes in the brain, including the regulation of energy balance, memory and...
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| x Histamine |
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Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. Histamine triggers the inflammatory response. As part of an immune response to foreign...
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| x Endothelin |
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Endothelins are proteins that constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. They are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when they are over-expressed, they contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart disease....
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| x Pancreatic polypeptide |
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Pancreatic polypeptide is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas predominantly in the head of the pancreas. It consists of 36 amino acids and has molecular weight about 4200 Da.
The function of PP is to self regulate the...
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| x Renin |
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Renin (pronounced /ˈriːnɨn/ REE-nin), also known as Angiotensinogenase, is a circumsized enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that mediates extracellular volume (i.e. that of the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial...
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| x Enkephalin |
An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body. The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, or specifically endorphins, as they are internally derived and bind to the body's opioid receptors. Discovered in 1975,...
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| x Melatonin |
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Melatonin (pronounced /ˌmɛləˈtoʊnɪn/ ( listen)), also known chemically as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a naturally occurring hormone found in animals and in some other living organisms, including algae. Circulating levels vary in a daily cycle,...
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| x Thyroxine |
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A hormone synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland containing four iodine atoms and is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in the body, influencing metabolism and organ function.
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| x Triiodothyronine |
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Triiodothyronine, C15H12I3NO4, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) activates the production of thyroxine (T4) and T3. This process is under regulation. In the thyroid, T4 is converted to T3. TSH is inhibited...
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| x Epinephrine |
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Epinephrine (also referred to as adrenaline; see Terminology) is a hormone and neurotransmitter that participates in the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system. It is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine produced by the...
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| x Norepinephrine |
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Noradrenaline (BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) or norepinephrine (INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) is a catecholamine with dual roles as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
As a stress hormone, norepinephrine affects parts of the brain where attention and...
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| x Dopamine |
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Description could not be displayed
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| x Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in...
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| x Vasopressin |
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Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as vasopressin, argipressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone found in most mammals, including humans. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone. It is derived from a preprohormone precursor that is...
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| x Atrial natriuretic peptide |
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Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), or atriopeptin, is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the homeostatic...
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| x Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which was once called somatomedin C, is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults....
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