Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates; only human bones are currently included in this type. Structures that are a part of a bone are also included here.
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56 Bone topics matching:
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| x Incus |
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The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. Incus means "anvil" in Latin. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillini of Bologna.
The incus transmits sound vibrations from...
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| x Malleus |
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The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer.
It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to...
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| x Stapes |
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The stapes is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached through the incudostapedial joint to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the "oval window", medially. Stapes means stirrup in Latin. The oval...
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| x Femur |
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The femur (pl. femurs or femora), or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the center of the body) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and...
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| x Acetabulum |
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The acetabulum ( /æsɨˈtæbjʊləm/) is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.
There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum....
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| x Scapula |
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In anatomy, the scapula (Medical Latin), or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
The scapula forms the posterior (back) located part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat...
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| x Sacrum |
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In vertebrate anatomy the sacrum (plural: sacrums or sacra) is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part...
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| x Maxilla |
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The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two halves at the mandibular symphysis. Sometimes (e.g. in bony fish),...
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| x Mandible |
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In vertebrates, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is a bone forming the skull with the cranium.
In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower...
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| x Trapezoid bone |
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The trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone) is a carpal bone in tetrapods, including humans. It is the smallest bone in the distal row. It may be known by its wedge-shaped form, the broad end of the wedge constituting the dorsal, the narrow end the...
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| x Trapezium |
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The trapezium bone (greater multangular bone) is a carpal bone in the wrist.
The trapezium is distinguished by a deep groove on its palmar surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, between the scaphoid and the first metacarpal bone ...
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| x Tibia |
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The tibia (English pronunciation: /ˈtɪbɪə/), shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula), and connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is named for...
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| x Hyoid bone |
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The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the...
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| x Zygomatic bone |
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In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is...
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| x Sternum |
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The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone. It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure,...
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| x Patella |
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The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body....
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| x Ethmoid bone |
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The ethmoid bone (from Greek ethmos, "sieve") is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction...
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| x Sphenoid bone |
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The sphenoid bone (from Greek sphenoeides, "wedgelike") is an unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form...
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| x Occipital bone |
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The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity...
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| x Frontal bone |
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The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull that comes from the Latin word frons (meaning forehead). It resembles a cockleshell in form, and consists of three portions:
The frontal bone is presumed to be derived from neural crest cells.
The border...
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| x Temporal bone |
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The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum.
The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple.
The temporal bone consists of four parts:
The structure of...
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| x Nasal bone |
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The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, "the bridge" of the nose.
Each has two surfaces and...
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| x Inferior nasal conchae |
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The inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinated bone) is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. Each...
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| x Fibula |
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The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity...
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| x Metatarsus |
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The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side ...
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| x Metacarpus |
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In human anatomy, the metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. Its...
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| x Scaphoid bone |
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The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the wrist. It is situated between the hand and forearm on the thumb-side of the wrist (also called the lateral or radial side). The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones,...
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| x Capitate bone |
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In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate bones; a constricted...
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| x Hamate bone |
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The hamate bone (unciform bone) is a bone in the human wrist readily distinguishable by its wedge shape and a hook-like process projecting from its volar surface.
It is situated at the medial and lower angle of the carpus, with its base downward,...
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| x Lunate bone |
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The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore...
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| x Calcaneus |
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In humans, the calcaneus (from the Latin calcaneum, meaning heel) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitute the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock.
In humans, the calcaneus is the largest of the tarsal...
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| x Pisiform bone |
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The pisiform bone (also called pisiforme or lentiform bone) is a small knobbly, pea-shaped wrist bone.
The pisiform bone is found in the proximal row of the carpus. It is located where the ulna (inner bone of the forearm when in anatomical position)...
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| x Triquetral bone |
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The triquetral bone (also called triquetrum, pyramidal, three-cornered or triangular bone, and formerly cuneiform bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the...
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| x Greater trochanter |
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The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system.
It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because...
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| x Thoracic vertebrae |
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In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans, they are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase...
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| x Cribriform plate |
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The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities.
Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the...
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| x Talus bone |
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The talus bone (Latin for ankle) or astragalus is a bone in the collection of bones in the foot called the tarsus. The tarsus forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the two bones of...
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| x Ilium |
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The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to...
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| x Linea aspera |
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The linea aspera (L. rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.
Its margins diverge above and below.
The linea aspera is a prominent longitudinal ridge or...
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| x Ischium |
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The ischium forms the lower and back part of the hip bone (os coxae). The word comes from the Greek ἰσχίον ischion, meaning "hip". (Taber's, 1985).
Situated below the ilium and behind the pubis, it is one of these three bones whose fusion creates...
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| x Pubis |
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In vertebrates, the pubic bone is the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis.
It is covered by a layer of fat, which is covered by the mons pubis.
It is divisible into a body, a superior ramus and an...
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| x Lesser trochanter |
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The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects
It projects from the lower and back part of the base of the femur neck.
From its apex three well-marked borders extend:
The...
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| x Vertebra prominens |
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Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This...
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| x Ramus mandibulae |
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The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes.
The lateral surface is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part; it gives attachment throughout nearly the...
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| x Sphenoidal conchae |
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The sphenoidal conchae (sphenoidal turbinated processes) are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid. An aperture of variable size exists in the anterior wall of each, and through this the...
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| x Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid |
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The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite.
Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the upper parts of which are...
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| x Great wings of the sphenoid |
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The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards.
The greater wings of the...
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| x Small wings of the sphenoid |
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The lesser wings of the sphenoid or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points [Fig. 1].
The main features of the lesser wing are the...
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| x Ossification of ethmoid |
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The ethmoid is ossified in the cartilage of the nasal capsule by three centers: one for the perpendicular plate, and one for each labyrinth.
The labyrinths are first developed, ossific granules making their appearance in the region of the lamina...
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| x Labyrinth of ethmoid |
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The Labyrinth or Lateral Mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal cells, arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral...
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| x Fifth metacarpal bone |
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The fifth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the little finger or pinky finger) is the most lateral metacarpal.
It presents on its base one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the hamate, and one on its...
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| x Fourth metacarpal bone |
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The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third.
The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small...
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| x Third metacarpal bone |
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The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second.
The dorsal aspect of its base presents on its radial side a pyramidal eminence, the styloid process, which extends upward behind the capitate;...
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| x Second metacarpal bone |
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The second metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the index finger) is the longest, and its base the largest, of all the metacarpal bones.
Its base is prolonged upward and medialward, forming a prominent ridge.
It presents four articular facets, three...
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| x First metacarpal bone |
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The first metacarpal bone or the metacarpal bone of the thumb is the first bone of the thumb. It is connected to the trapezium of the carpus at the first carpometacarpal joint and to the proximal thumb phalanx at the first metacarpophalangeal joint....
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| x Body of hyoid bone |
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The body of hyoid bone or central part is of a quadrilateral form.
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.
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