A drug is a chemical substance that has a phyisological effect on an organism. Medicinal, herbal, and illegal drugs can be included in this type. For more information, please see the Freebase wiki page on Drug.
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8,397 Drug topics matching:
Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x ATC Code | x Drugbank | x Pharmacological class | x article |
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| x Aspirin |
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A01AD05 | APRD00264 | Analgesic |
An orally administered non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent. Acetylsalicylic acid binds to and acetylates serine residues in cyclooxygenases, resulting in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin, platelet aggregation, and inflammation. This agent...
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| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | |||||
| x Ampicillin |
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J01CA01 | APRD00320 | Beta-lactam antibiotic |
A broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs...
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| Penicillin-class Antibacterial | |||||
| Antibiotic | |||||
| x Amphetamine |
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APRD00480 |
Amphetamine (USAN, abbreviated from alpha-methylphenethylamine) or amfetamine (INN) is a psychostimulant drug of the phenethylamine class that produces increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite.
Brand names...
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| DB00182 | |||||
| x Amoxicillin |
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J01CA04 | APRD00248 | Beta-lactam antibiotic |
A broad-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Amoxicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1A located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes...
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| Penicillin-class Antibacterial | |||||
| x Chloramphenicol |
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D06AX02 | EXPT00942 | Amphenicol |
Chloramphenicol (INN) is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial that became available in 1949. It is considered a prototypical broad-spectrum antibiotic, alongside the tetracyclines, and as it is both cheap and easy to manufacture it is frequently an...
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| x Ciprofloxacin |
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J01MA02 | APRD00424 | Quinolone |
A synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Ciprofloxacin binds to and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication. This agent is more active against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. (NCI04)
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| x Carbamazepine |
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N03AF01 | APRD00337 | Carboxamide |
A tricyclic compound chemically related to tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) with anticonvulsant and analgesic properties. Carbamazepine exerts its anticonvulsant activity by reducing polysynaptic responses and blocking post-tetanic potentiation. Its...
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| Anti-epileptic Agent | |||||
| Mood stabilizer | |||||
| x Cocaine |
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N01BC01 | APRD00080 | Local anesthetic |
Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) (INN) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The name comes from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a stimulant of the central nervous system, an...
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| x Codeine |
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R05DA04 | APRD00120 | Opiate |
Codeine or 3-methylmorphine (a natural isomer of methylated morphine, the other being the semi-synthetic 6-methylmorphine) is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties. Codeine is the second-most predominant...
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| Analgesic | |||||
| Antidiarrhoeal | |||||
| x Dehydroepiandrosterone |
|
A14AA07 |
5-Dehydroepiandrosterone (5-DHEA) is a 19-carbon endogenous steroid hormone. It is the major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal glands and is also produced by the gonads and the brain. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans....
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| x Erythromycin |
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J01FA01 | APRD00953 | Macrolide Antibiotic |
A broad-spectrum, macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin...
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| Macrolide Antimicrobial | |||||
| x Epinephrine |
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A01AD01 | APRD00450 | Catecholamine |
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Epinephrine has many functions in the body, regulating heart rate, blood vessel and air passage diameters, and metabolic shifts; epinephrine release is a crucial component...
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| Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist | |||||
| Beta-adrenergic agonist | |||||
| x Flunitrazepam | N05CD03 | Benzodiazepine |
Flunitrazepam ( /ˌfluːnɨˈtræzɨpæm/) is marketed as a potent hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, amnestic, and skeletal muscle relaxant drug most commonly known as Rohypnol. An intermediate acting benzodiazepine, flunitrazepam is...
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| x Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid |
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N01AX11 | Central Nervous System Depressant |
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid and sodium oxybate (INN), is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and almost all animals in small...
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| x Heroin |
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N02AA09 | DB01452 |
Heroin (diacetylmorphine or morphine diacetate (INN)), also known as diamorphine (BAN), is an opiate analgesic synthesized by C.R Alder Wright in 1874 by adding two acetyl groups to the molecule morphine, a derivative of the opium poppy. When used...
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| x Hydrocodone |
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R05DA03 | APRD00591 | Analgesic |
Hydrocodone or dihydrocodeinone is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from either of two naturally occurring opiates: codeine and thebaine. It is an orally active narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is available in tablet, capsule, and syrup form....
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| x Ketamine |
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N01AX03 | APRD00493 | NMDA receptor antagonist |
A cyclohexanone derivative with analgesic and anesthetic properties. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears exerts complex pharmacological actions including inhibition of biogenic amine uptake, binding to opioid...
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| General anaesthetic | |||||
| x Ketoprofen |
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M01AE03 | APRD01059 | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
Ketoprofen, (RS)2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid (chemical formula C16H14O3) is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of...
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| Analgesic | |||||
| x LSD |
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Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking...
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| x Morphine |
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N02AA01 | APRD00215 | Analgesic |
An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. Morphine binds to and activates specific opiate receptors (delta, mu and kappa), each of which are involved in controlling different brain functions. In the...
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| Opioid | |||||
| x Modafinil | APRD00534 | Sympathomimetic-like Agent |
Modafinil is an analeptic drug invented in France by Lafon Laboratories and originally developed by neurophysiologist and emeritus experimental medicine professor Michel Jouvet. It is approved by the United States' Food and Drug Administration (FDA)...
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| x Methadone |
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APRD00485 | Analgesic |
A synthetic opioid with analgesic activity. Methadone mimics the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors, primarily on the mu-receptor and has actions similar to those of morphine and morphine-like agents. The characteristic morphine...
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| Opioid | |||||
| x Oxycodone |
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N02AA05 | APRD00387 | Analgesic |
Oxycodone is an analgesic medication synthesized from poppy-derived thebaine. It was developed in 1916 in Germany, as one of several new semi-synthetic opioids in an attempt to improve on the existing opioids: morphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin),...
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| Opioid | |||||
| x Quinine |
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M09AA01 | APRD00563 | Antimalarial drug |
A quinidine alkaloid isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree. Quinine has many mechanisms of action, including reduction of oxygen intake and carbohydrate metabolism; disruption of DNA replication and transcription via DNA intercalation; and...
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| x Scopolamine | A04AD01 | APRD00616 |
Scopolamine, also known as levo-duboisine, and hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug with muscarinic antagonist effects. It is among the secondary metabolites of plants from Solanaceae (nightshade) family of plants, such as henbane, jimson weed and...
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| x Sodium thiopental |
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N01AF03 | APRD00660 | Barbiturate |
Sodium thiopental, better known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories), thiopental, thiopentone sodium, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anaesthetic. Thiopental is a core medicine in...
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| x Tetracycline |
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A01AB13 | APRD00572 | Tetracycline antibiotics |
A broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced semisynthetically from chlortetracycline, an antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. In bacteria, tetracycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, interferes with the binding...
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| Tetracycline-class Antimicrobial | |||||
| x Testosterone |
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G03BA03 | Androgen |
Description could not be displayed
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| x Theobromine |
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C03BD01 |
Theobromine (theobromide), also known as xantheose, is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, with the chemical formula C7H8N4O2. It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including the leaves of the tea plant, and the kola (or...
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| x Sildenafil |
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G04BE03 | DB00203 | PDE5 inhibitor |
Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names, is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was originally developed by British scientists and then brought to market by...
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| APRD00556 | |||||
| x Paclitaxel |
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L01CD01 | APRD00259 | Microtubule Inhibitor |
A compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent also induces...
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| x Darbepoetin alfa | B03XA02 | Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent |
A recombinant analog of the endogenous cytokine erythropoietin, an erythropoiesis-stimulating protein. Due to the addition of two carbohydrate chains, darbepoetin alfa exhibits a three-fold greater half-life than does erythropoietin. Similar to...
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| x Fluoxetine |
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N06AB03 | APRD00530 | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
Fluoxetine (also known by the tradenames Prozac, Sarafem, Fontex, among others) is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Fluoxetine was first documented in 1974 by scientists from Eli Lilly and Company. It was...
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| Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | |||||
| x Clozapine |
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N05AH02 | APRD00470 | Benzodiazepine |
Clozapine (sold as Clozaril, Gen-Clozapine in Canada, Azaleptin, Leponex, Fazaclo, Froidir; Denzapine, Zaponex in the UK; Klozapol in Poland, Clopine in Australia and New Zealand) is an atypical antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of...
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| Atypical antipsychotic | |||||
| x Phenytoin |
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N03AB02 | APRD00241 | Anti-epileptic Agent |
A hydantoin derivative and a non-sedative antiepileptic agent with anticonvulsant activity. Phenytoin potentially acts by promoting sodium efflux from neurons located in the motor cortex reducing post-tetanic potentiation at synapses. The reduction...
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| x Thalidomide |
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L04AX02 | APRD01251 |
A synthetic derivative of glutamic acid (alpha-phthalimido-glutarimide) with teratogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties. Thalidomide acts primarily by inhibiting both the production of tumor necrosis factor...
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| x Acetylcholine |
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S01EB09 | EXPT00412 |
The chemical compound acetylcholine (often abbreviated ACh) is a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms including humans. Acetylcholine is one of many neurotransmitters in the...
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| x Vitamin B-12 |
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B03BB01 | APRD00326 |
Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally...
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| x Valproic acid |
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APRD00256 | Anti-epileptic Agent |
A synthetic derivative of propylpentanoic acid with antiepileptic properties and potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenesis activities. In epilepsy, valproic acid appears to act by increasing the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)...
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| Mood stabilizer | |||||
| x Methamphetamine |
|
Amphetamine Anorectic |
Methamphetamine (USAN) ( /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmiːn/), also known as methamfetamine (INN), meth, N-methylamphetamine, methylamphetamine, and desoxyephedrine, is a psychostimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs....
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| Central Nervous System Stimulant | |||||
| x Theophylline | R03DA04 | APRD00082 | Methylxanthine |
Theophylline, also known as dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD and asthma under a variety of brand names. As a member of the xanthine family, it bears structural and pharmacological...
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| x Progesterone |
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G03DA04 | APRD00700 | Progesterone |
Produced in the corpus luteum and by the placenta, as an antagonist of estrogens. Promotes proliferation of uterine mucosa and the implantation of the blastocyst, prevents further follicular development.On-line Medical Dictionary
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| x Pseudoephedrine | R01BA02 | APRD00634 | Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist |
A phenethylamine and a diastereomer of ephedrine with sympathomimetic property. Pseudoephedrine displaces norepinephrine from storage vesicles in presynaptic neurones, thereby releasing norepinephrine into the neuronal synapses where it stimulates...
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| x Ribavirin |
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J05AB04 | APRD00081 | Nucleoside analogue |
Ribavirin (brand names: Copegus, Rebetol, Ribasphere, Vilona and Virazole) is an anti-viral drug indicated for severe RSV infection (individually), hepatitis C infection (used in conjunction with peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a) and...
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| x Paracetamol |
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N02BE01 | APRD00252 | Analgesic |
Paracetamol INN ( /ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl/ or /ˌpærəˈsɛtəmɒl/), or acetaminophen USAN /əˌsiːtəˈmɪnəfɨn/, is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other...
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| x Adenosine |
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C01EB10 | APRD00132 | Adenosine Receptor Agonist |
Adenosine (Ado) is a purine nucleoside comprising a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. In the USA, it is marketed as Adenocard.
Adenosine plays an important role in biochemical...
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| x Inosine | D06BB05 | EXPT02378 |
Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
Inosine is commonly found in tRNAs and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble...
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| x Trimethoprim | J01EA01 | APRD00103 | Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antibacterial |
A synthetic derivative of trimethoxybenzyl-pyrimidine with antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties. As a pyrimidine inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, trimethoprim binds tightly to the bacterial enzyme, blocking the production of...
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| x Paroxetine |
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N06AB05 | APRD00364 | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
Paroxetine (also known by the trade names Aropax, Paxil, Seroxat, Sereupin) is an SSRI antidepressant. Marketing of the drug began in 1992 by the pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham, now GlaxoSmithKline. Paroxetine is used to treat major...
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| Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | |||||
| x Fentanyl |
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N01AH01 | APRD00347 | Analgesic |
A synthetic, lipophilic phenylpiperidine opioid agonist with analgesic and anesthetic properties. Fentanyl selectively binds to the mu-receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. Stimulation of...
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| Opioid | |||||
| x Triprolidine | R06AX07 | APRD00306 |
Triprolidine (Actidil, Myidil) is an over-the-counter antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. It is used to combat the symptoms associated with allergies and is sometimes combined with other cold medications designed to provide general relief...
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| x Trifluoperazine |
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N05AB06 | APRD00173 | Phenothiazine |
A phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antipsychotic and antiemetic activities. Trifluoperazine exerts its antipsychotic effect by blocking central dopamine receptors, thereby preventing effects such as delusions and...
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| x Halothane |
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N01AB01 | APRD00598 |
Halothane (trademarked as Fluothane) is an inhalational general anesthetic. Its IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. It is the only inhalational anesthetic agent containing a bromine atom; there are several other halogenated...
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| x Naloxone |
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V03AB15 | APRD00025 | Opioid antagonist |
A thebaine derivate with competitive opioid antagonistic properties. Naloxone reverses the effects of opioid analgesics by binding to the opioid receptors in the CNS, and inhibiting the typical actions of opioid analgesics, including analgesia,...
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| x Atropine |
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A03BA01 | APRD00807 | Anticholinergic |
A synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic...
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| Muscarinic receptor antagonists | |||||
| x Vancomycin |
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A07AA09 | APRD01287 | Glycopeptide antibiotic |
A branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine...
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| x Chlorpromazine |
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N05AA01 | APRD00482 | Antiemetic |
A phenothiazine and traditional antipsychotic agent with anti-emetic activity. Chlorpromazine exerts its antipsychotic effect by blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors in cortical and limbic areas of the brain, thereby preventing the excess of...
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| Phenothiazine | |||||
| x Sertraline |
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N06AB06 | APRD00175 | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
Sertraline hydrochloride (trademark names Zoloft and Lustral) is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It was introduced to the market by Pfizer in 1991. Sertraline is primarily used to treat major depression...
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| Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | |||||
| x Ciclosporin |
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L04AA01 | Calcineurin Inhibitor Immunosuppressant |
A natural cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant isolated from the fungus Beauveria nivea. The exact mechanism of action of cyclosporine is not known but may involve binding to the cellular protein cytophilin, resulting in inhibition of the enzyme...
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| x Ibuprofen |
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M01AE01 | APRD00372 | Analgesic |
A propionic acid derivate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase I and II, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of...
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| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | |||||
