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1,143 Philosopher topics matching:
Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x Era | x Interests | x Schools of Thought | x article |
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| x Edmund Burke |
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Age of Enlightenment |
Edmund Burke PC (12 January [NS] 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, author, orator, political theorist, and philosopher who, after relocating to England, served for many years in the House of Commons of Great Britain as a member of...
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| x Epicurus |
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Epicurus (Greek: Ἐπίκουρος, Epikouros, "ally, comrade"; Samos, 341 BCE – Athens, 270 BCE; 72 years) was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus...
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| x Félix Guattari |
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20th-century philosophy | Politics |
Pierre-Félix Guattari (April 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French militant, institutional psychotherapist and philosopher, a founder of both schizoanalysis and ecosophy. Guattari is best known for his intellectual collaborations with Gilles...
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| x Francis Bacon |
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Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626), son of Nicholas Bacon by his second wife Anne (Cooke) Bacon, was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, and author. He served both as Attorney General...
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| x Friedrich Hayek |
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20th-century philosophy | Philosophy of mind |
Friedrich August von Hayek CH (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher known for his defense of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought. He is considered...
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| x George Berkeley |
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Age of Enlightenment | Epistemology |
George Berkeley (pronounced /ˈbɑrkli/) (12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753), also known as Bishop Berkeley, was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as ...
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| x Johann Gottlieb Fichte |
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Age of Enlightenment | Political philosophy |
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814) (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːhan ˈgɔtlip ˈfɪçtə]) was a German philosopher. He was one of the founding figures of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, a movement that developed...
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| x Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz |
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Age of Enlightenment | Mathematics |
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (German pronunciation: [ˈgɔtfrit ˈvɪlhɛlm fən ˈlaɪpnɪts]; 1 July 1646 [OS: 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German philosopher, polymath and mathematician who wrote primarily in Latin and French.
He occupies a grand...
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| x Gilles Deleuze |
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20th-century philosophy | Aesthetics |
Gilles Deleuze (French pronunciation: [ʒil dəløz]), (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher of the late 20th century. From the early 1960s until his death, Deleuze wrote many influential works on philosophy, literature, film,...
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| x Giordano Bruno |
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Giordano Bruno, born Filippo Bruno (1548 – February 17, 1600), was an Italian philosopher, mathematician and astronomer best known as a proponent of heliocentrism and the infinity of the universe. His cosmological theories went beyond the Copernican...
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| x Henri Bergson |
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20th-century philosophy | Epistemology |
Henri-Louis Bergson (French pronunciation: [bɛʁkˈsɔ̃]; 18 October 1859–4 January 1941) was a major French philosopher, influential especially in the first half of the 20th century.
Bergson was born in the Rue Lamartine in Paris, not far from the...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| Philosophy of language | |||||
| x Herbert Marcuse |
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20th-century philosophy | Frankfurt School |
Herbert Marcuse (German pronunciation: [marˈkuːzə]) (July 19, 1898 – July 29, 1979) was a German-Jewish philosopher, political theorist and sociologist, and a member of the Frankfurt School. Celebrated as the "Father of the New Left," his best known...
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| x Heraclitus |
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Epistemology |
Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: Ἡράκλειτος ὁ Ἐφέσιος — Hērákleitos ho Ephésios; c. 535–c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| Politics | |||||
| x Ibn Battuta |
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Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد ابن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة or simply Ibn Battuta(February 25, 1304 – 1368 or 1369) was a Moroccan Berber Muslim scholar and traveler who is known...
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| x John Stuart Mill |
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Ethics |
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873), English philosopher, political theorist, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential Classical liberal thinker of the 19th century whose works on liberty justified...
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| x Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
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Age of Enlightenment | Political philosophy |
Jean Jacques Rousseau (Geneva, 28 June 1712 – Ermenonville, 2 July 1778) was a major Genevois philosopher, writer, and composer of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, whose political philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the development...
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| x Jürgen Habermas |
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Epistemology | Frankfurt School |
Jürgen Habermas (pronounced /ˈjɜrɡən or ˈjʊrɡən ˈhɑːbərˌmɑːs/; German pronunciation: [ˈjʏʁɡən ˈhaːbɐmaːs]; born June 18, 1929) is a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for...
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| x Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi |
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Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (Persian: جلال الدین محمد بلخى), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (Persian: جلالالدین محمد رومی), and popularly known as Mowlānā (Persian: مولانا) but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi (30...
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| x Karl Popper |
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20th-century philosophy | Epistemology |
Sir Karl Raimund Popper, CH, FRS, FBA (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian and British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of science of the 20th...
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| Philosophy of science | |||||
| Philosophy of mind | |||||
| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Karl Marx |
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Politics |
Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism. Marx...
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| Sociology | |||||
| x Maurice Merleau-Ponty |
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20th-century philosophy | Epistemology |
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (French pronunciation: [mɔʁis mɛʁlopɔ̃ti]) (March 14, 1908 – May 3, 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| Psychology | |||||
| x Maimonides |
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Moses Maimonides, also known as Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon or the acronym the Rambam (Hebrew: רבי משה בן מימון; Hebrew acronym: רמב"ם; Arabic: موسى ابن ميمون Mūsā ibn Maymūn, short for أبو عمران موسى بن عبيد الله ميمون القرطبي Abū ʿImrān Mūsā bin...
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| x Mortimer Adler |
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20th-century philosophy | Ethics |
Mortimer Jerome Adler (December 28, 1902 – June 28, 2001) was an American philosopher, educator, and popular author. As a philosopher he worked within the Aristotelian and Thomistic traditions. He lived for the longest stretches in New York City,...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| x Max Horkheimer |
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20th-century philosophy | Frankfurt School |
Max Horkheimer (February 14, 1895 – July 7, 1973) was a German philosopher and sociologist. He is well known for being a leader in the Frankfurt School, for his work with critical theory and his most important works: The Eclipse of Reason (1947),...
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| x Marsilio Ficino |
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Marsilio Ficino (Latin name: Marsilius Ficinus; October 19, 1433 - October 1 1499) was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance, an astrologer, a reviver of Neoplatonism who was in touch with every major...
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| x Murray Rothbard |
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Ethics |
Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American intellectual, individualist anarchist, author, and economist of the Austrian School who helped define modern libertarianism and popularized a form of free-market anarchism he...
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| x Meher Baba |
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Aesthetics |
Meher Baba (Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा), (February 25, 1894 – January 31, 1969), born Merwan Sheriar Irani, was an Indian mystic and spiritual master who declared publicly in 1954 that he was the Avatar of the age.
He led a normal childhood and showed...
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| Ethics | |||||
| Metaphysics | |||||
| x Niccolò Machiavelli |
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Politics |
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian philosopher /writer, and is considered one of the main founders of modern political science. He was a diplomat, political philosopher, musician, and a playwright, but...
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| x Origen |
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Origen (Greek: Ὠριγένης Ōrigénēs, or Origen Adamantius, c. 185–254) was an early Christian scholar and theologian, and one of the most distinguished of the early fathers of the Christian Church. According to tradition, he is held to have been an...
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| x Pythagoras |
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Ethics |
Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: Ὁ Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, O Pūthagoras o Samios, "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply Ὁ Πυθαγόρας; c. 570-c. 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of our...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| Politics | |||||
| x Parmenides |
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Metaphysics |
Parmenides of Elea (Greek: Παρμενίδης ὁ Ἐλεάτης; c. 520-c. 450 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy. Parmenides was also a priest of...
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| Ontology | |||||
| x Peter Singer |
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Contemporary philosophy | Ethics |
Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian philosopher. He is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and laureate professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE), University of...
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| x Protagoras |
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Language |
Protagoras (Greek: Πρωταγόρας) (ca. 490– 420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the professional sophist or teacher...
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| x René Descartes |
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Epistemology |
René Descartes (French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt]), (31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650), also known as Renatus Cartesius (Latinized form), was a French philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch...
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| Mathematics | |||||
| Metaphysics | |||||
| x Rudolf Steiner |
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20th-century philosophy | Epistemology |
Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (25 or 27 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social thinker, architect and esotericist. He gained initial recognition as a literary critic and cultural philosopher. At the beginning of the...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| Philosophy of science | |||||
| x Ralph Waldo Emerson |
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Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, philosopher, and poet, best remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought...
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| x Robert Nozick |
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20th-century philosophy |
Robert Nozick (November 16, 1938 – January 23, 2002) was an American political philosopher, most prominent in the 1970s and 1980s. His is best known for his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), was a libertarian answer to John Rawls's A Theory of...
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| x Thomas Reid |
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Age of Enlightenment | Epistemology |
Thomas Reid (26 April 1710 – 7 October 1796), Scottish philosopher, and a contemporary of David Hume, was the founder of the Scottish School of Common Sense, and played an integral role in the Scottish Enlightenment. The early part of his life was...
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| Ethics | |||||
| Metaphysics | |||||
| x Thomas Hobbes |
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Ethics |
Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury , was an English philosopher, remembered today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western...
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| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Thales |
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Ethics |
Thales of Miletus (Θαλής,Thales,Thalês (pronounced /ˈθeɪliːz/ or "THEH-leez") , ca. 624 BC–ca. 546 BC), was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him...
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| Mathematics | |||||
| Metaphysics | |||||
| x Thomas Aquinas |
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Epistemology |
Saint Thomas Aquinas, O.P. (also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino; born ca. 1225; died 7 March 1274) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church in the Dominican Order, and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of...
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| Ethics | |||||
| Metaphysics | |||||
| Logic | |||||
| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Thomas Paine |
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Age of Enlightenment | Ethics |
Thomas Paine (February 9, 1737 [O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an author, pamphleteer, radical, inventor, intellectual, revolutionary, and some consider him to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; however, his direct...
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| Politics | |||||
| x Thomas Samuel Kuhn |
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20th-century philosophy | Philosophy of science |
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (surname pronounced /ˈkuːn/; July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the sociology and philosophy of science.
Kuhn has...
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| x Umberto Eco |
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20th-century philosophy |
Umberto Eco is an Italian medievalist, semiotician, philosopher and novelist, best known for his novel The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa) and his many essays.Eco was born in the city of Alessandria in the region of Piedmont. His father,...
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| Contemporary philosophy | |||||
| x William of Ockham |
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Epistemology |
William of Ockham (also Occam, Hockham, or any of several other spellings, pronounced /ˈɒkəm/) (c. 1288 - c. 1348) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, from Ockham, a small village in Surrey, near East Horsley. He is...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| Ontology | |||||
| Politics | |||||
| Logic | |||||
| x John Maynard Keynes |
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John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, CB (pronounced /ˈkānz/) (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946) was a British economist whose ideas have been a central influence on modern macroeconomics, both in theory and practice. He advocated interventionist...
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| x George Boole |
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Mathematics |
George Boole (pronounced /ˈbuːl/) (2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was an English mathematician and philosopher.
As the inventor of Boolean logic—the basis of modern digital computer logic—Boole is regarded in hindsight as a founder of the field...
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| Logic | |||||
| x Hypatia of Alexandria |
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Mathematics |
Hypatia of Alexandria (pronounced /haɪˈpeɪʃə/ in English) (Greek: Ὑπατία; born between 350 and 370 – 415) was a Greek scholar from Alexandria in Egypt, considered the first notable woman in mathematics, who also taught philosophy and astronomy. She...
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| x Plotinus |
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Metaphysics |
Plotinus (Greek: Πλωτῖνος) (ca. CE 204–270) was a major philosopher of the ancient world who is widely considered the founder of Neoplatonism (along with his teacher Ammonius Saccas). Neoplatonism was an influential philosophy in Late Antiquity....
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| x Imre Lakatos |
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20th-century philosophy | Epistemology |
Imre Lakatos (November 9, 1922 – February 2, 1974) was a philosopher of mathematics and science, known for his thesis of the fallibility of mathematics and its 'methodology of proofs and refutations' in its pre-axiomatic stages of development, and...
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| Philosophy of science | |||||
| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Alfred North Whitehead |
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20th-century philosophy | Mathematics |
Alfred North Whitehead, OM (February 15, 1861 – December 30, 1947) was an English mathematician who became a philosopher. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. He co...
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| Metaphysics | |||||
| x Henry David Thoreau |
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Henry David Thoreau was an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, sage writer and philosopher. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and...
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| x Michel de Montaigne |
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Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ekɛm də mɔ̃tɛɲ]) (February 28, 1533–September 13, 1592) was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance. Montaigne is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. He...
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| x Erich Fromm |
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Frankfurt School |
Erich Seligmann Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was an internationally renowned social psychologist, psychoanalyst, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was associated with what became known as the Frankfurt School of...
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| x Jeremy Bentham |
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Ethics |
Jeremy Bentham (pronounced /ˈbɛnθəm/ or /ˈbɛntəm/) (15 February 1748 – 6 June 1832) was an English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. He was the brother of Samuel Bentham. He was a political radical, and a leading theorist in Anglo...
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| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Friedrich Engels |
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Politics |
Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of communist theory, alongside Karl Marx. Together they produced The Communist Manifesto in 1848. Engels also...
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| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Michel Foucault |
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20th-century philosophy | Epistemology |
Michel Foucault (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl fuko]), born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), was a French philosopher, sociologist and historian. He held a chair at the Collège de France with the title "History of Systems of...
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| Ethics | |||||
| Political philosophy | |||||
| x Averroes |
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Abū 'l-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd (Arabic: أبو الوليد محمد بن احمد بن رشد), better known just as Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ابن رشد), and in European literature as Averroes (pronounced /əˈvɛroʊ.iːz/) (1126 – December 10, 1198), was an Andalusian...
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| x Saul Kripke |
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20th-century philosophy | Logic |
Saul Aaron Kripke (born on November 13, 1940) is an American philosopher and logician. He is a professor emeritus at Princeton and teaches as a distinguished professor of philosophy at CUNY Graduate Center. Since the 1960s Kripke has been a central...
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| Contemporary philosophy | Philosophy of language | ||||
| Philosophy of mind | |||||
| Metaphysics | |||||
| Epistemology | |||||
| x Pierre-Joseph Proudhon |
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (15 January 1809 in Besançon – 19 January 1865 in Passy) was a French politician, mutualist philosopher and socialist. He was a member of the French Parliament, and he was the first person to call himself an anarchist. He is...
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