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34 Philosophical Idea topics matching:
Filter this Collection| x name | x image | x Attributed Philosopher | x article |
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| x Chinese room |
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John Searle |
The Chinese room argument comprises a thought experiment and associated arguments by John Searle (1980), which attempts to show that a symbol-processing machine like a computer can never be properly described as having a "mind" or "understanding",...
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| x Schrödinger's cat |
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Erwin Schrödinger |
Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, often described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935. It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics applied to everyday...
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| x Pascal's Wager |
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Pascal's Wager (or Pascal's Gambit) is a suggestion posed by the French philosopher Blaise Pascal that even though the existence of God cannot be determined through reason, a person should wager as though God exists, because so living has everything...
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| x Mary's room |
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Mary's room (also known as Mary the super-scientist) is a philosophical thought experiment proposed by Frank Jackson in his article "Epiphenomenal Qualia" (1982) and extended in "What Mary Didn't Know" (1986). The argument it is intended to motivate...
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| x Personal identity |
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John Locke |
In philosophy, personal identity refers to the numerical identity of persons through time. That is to say, the conditions under which a person is said to be identical to himself through time.
The question regarding personal identity has addressed...
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| David Hume | |||
| Derek Parfit | |||
| x Intentional stance | Daniel Dennett |
The intentional stance is a theory of mental content proposed by Daniel Dennett. The theory provides the underpinnings of his later works on free will, consciousness, folk psychology, and evolution. The intentional stance is a level of abstraction...
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| x Tao |
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Tao (道, pinyin: dào (help·info) ) is a concept found in Taoism, Confucianism, and more generally in ancient Chinese philosophy. While the character itself translates as 'way', 'path', or 'route', or sometimes more loosely as 'doctrine' or ...
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| x Secularization | Gianni Vattimo |
Secularization or secularisation generally refers to the transformation by which a society migrates from close identification with religious institutions to a more separated relationship. It is also the name given to a general belief about history,...
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| x Nihilism | Gianni Vattimo |
Nihilism (from the Latin nihil, nothing) is the philosophical doctrine suggesting the negation of one or more aspects of life or the world in general. Most commonly, nihilism is presented in the form of existential nihilism which argues that life is...
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| x Weak theology | Gianni Vattimo |
Weak theology -- in close association with postmodern a/theology -- is a school of thought within continental philosophical theology that has been heavily influenced by Jacques Derrida's style of theorizing known as deconstruction.
Weak theology...
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| x All products of a tradition stand within that tradition | Hans-Georg Gadamer | ||
| x Russell's paradox |
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Bertrand Russell |
In the foundations of mathematics, Russell's paradox (also known as Russell's antinomy), discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1901, showed that the naive set theory of Frege leads to a contradiction.
It might be assumed that, for any formal criterion,...
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| x Logical atomism |
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Bertrand Russell |
Logical atomism is a philosophical belief that originated in the early 20th century with the development of analytic philosophy. Its principal exponents were the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, the early work of his Austrian-born pupil and...
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| x Generative grammar |
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Noam Chomsky |
In theoretical linguistics, generative grammar refers to a particular approach to the study of syntax. A generative grammar of a language attempts to give a set of rules that will correctly predict which combinations of words will form grammatical...
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| x Universal grammar | Noam Chomsky |
Universal grammar (UG) is a theory of linguistics postulating principles of grammar shared by all languages, thought to be innate to humans (linguistic nativism). It attempts to explain language acquisition in general, not describe specific...
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| x Transformational grammar | Noam Chomsky |
In linguistics, a transformational grammar, or transformational-generative grammar (TGG), is a generative grammar, especially of a natural language, that has been developed in a Chomskyan tradition. Additionally, transformational grammar is the...
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| x Government and binding theory |
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Noam Chomsky |
Government and binding is a theory of syntax in the tradition of transformational grammar developed principally by Noam Chomsky in the 1980s. This theory is a radical revision of his earlier theories and was later revised in The Minimalist Program ...
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| x X-bar theory |
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Noam Chomsky |
X-bar theory is a component of linguistic theory which attempts to identify syntactic features common to all languages. It claims that among their phrasal categories, all languages share certain structural similarities, including one known as the "X...
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| x Chomsky hierarchy | Noam Chomsky |
Within the field of computer science, specifically in the area of formal languages, the Chomsky hierarchy (occasionally referred to as Chomsky–Schützenberger hierarchy) is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars.
This hierarchy of...
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| x Context-free grammar | Noam Chomsky |
In formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a grammar in which every production rule is of the form
where V is a single nonterminal symbol, and w is a string of terminals and/or nonterminals (possibly empty).
Thus, the difference with...
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| x Principles and parameters | Noam Chomsky |
Principles and parameters is a framework in generative linguistics. Principles and parameters was largely formulated by the linguists Noam Chomsky and Howard Lasnik. Today, many linguists have adopted this framework, and it is considered the...
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| x Linguistic minimalism | Noam Chomsky |
Much current research in transformational grammar is inspired by Noam Chomsky's Minimalist Program. The "Minimalist Program" aims at the further development of ideas involving economy of derivation and economy of representation, which had started to...
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| x Language acquisition device | Noam Chomsky |
The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a postulated "organ" of the brain that is supposed to function as a congenital device for learning symbolic language (i.e., language acquisition). First proposed by Noam Chomsky, the LAD concept is a...
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| x Poverty of the stimulus | Noam Chomsky |
The poverty of the stimulus (POTS) argument is a variant of the epistemological problem of the indeterminacy of data to theory that claims that grammar is unlearnable given the linguistic data available to children. As such, the argument strikes...
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| x Chomsky normal form | Noam Chomsky |
In computer science, a context-free grammar is said to be in Chomsky normal form if all of its production rules are of the form:
where A, B and C are nonterminal symbols, α is a terminal symbol (a symbol that represents a constant value), S is the...
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| x Propaganda model |
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Noam Chomsky |
The propaganda model is a theory advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky that alleges systemic biases in the mass media and seeks to explain them in terms of structural economic causes.
First presented in their 1988 book Manufacturing Consent:...
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| x Bricolage | Claude Lévi-Strauss |
Bricolage, pronounced /ˌbriːkoʊˈlɑːʒ/, /ˌbrɪkoʊˈlɑːʒ/ is a term used in several disciplines, among them the visual arts and literature, to refer to the construction or creation of a work from a diverse range of things which happen to be available,...
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| x Structuralism | Claude Lévi-Strauss |
Structuralism is an approach to the human sciences that attempts to analyze a specific field (for instance, mythology) as a complex system of interrelated parts. It began in linguistics with the work of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). But many...
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| Ferdinand de Saussure | |||
| Gunther Kress | |||
| x Mythography |
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Claude Lévi-Strauss |
A mythographer, or a mythologist, according to a strict dictionary definition, is a compiler of myths. Mythography (from Greek μυθογραφία - mythografia, "writing of fables", from μῦθος - mythos,"speech, word, fact, story, narrative" + γράφειν -...
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| x Culinary triangle | Claude Lévi-Strauss |
The culinary triangle is a concept described by Claude Lévi-Strauss involving three types of cooking; these are boiling, roasting, and smoking, usually done to meats.
The boiling of meat is looked at as a cultural way of cooking because it uses a...
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| x Practical philosophy | Hans-Georg Gadamer |
The division of philosophy into a practical and a theoretical discipline has its origin in Aristotle's moral philosophy and natural philosophy categories. In Sweden and Finland courses in theoretical and practical philosophy are taught separately,...
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| x Justice as Fairness | John Rawls |
Justice as Fairness is the phrase used by the philosopher John Rawls to refer to his distinctive theory of justice. It is also the title of an essay on the subject written in 1958. Justice as Fairness consists of two principles: First, each person...
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| x ’Pataphysics |
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Alfred Jarry |
'Pataphysics (French: 'Pataphysique), a term coined by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873 – 1907), is a philosophy or pseudophilosophy dedicated to studying what lies beyond the realm of metaphysics. It is a parody of the theory and methods of modern...
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| x Cratylism | Cratylus |
Cratylism (in French Cratylisme) is a philosophical theory based on the teachings of Cratylus also known as Kratylos. Vaguely exegetical, it holds that the fluid nature of ideas, words, and communications leaves them fundamentally baseless, and...
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