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Scientists in the History of Sciences
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| x name | x image | x Short Bio | x Known for | x Worked With | x article |
| x Friedrich Hund |
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German physicist known for his work on atoms and molecules | Hund's rule of Maximum Multiplicity | Aage Niels Bohr |
Friedrich Hermann Hund (4 February 1896 - 31 March 1997) was a German physicist from Karlsruhe known for his work on atoms and molecules.
Hund worked at the Universities of Rostock, Leipzig, Jena, Frankfurt am Main, and Göttingen.
Hund worked with...
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| Walter Bothe | |||||
| Max Born | |||||
| Werner Heisenberg | |||||
| Paul Dirac | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Rolf Landauer |
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Rolf Landauer was an IBM physicist who in 1961 demonstrated that when information is lost in an irreversible circuit, the information becomes entropy and an associated amount of energy is dissipated as heat. | Quantum computer |
Rolf William Landauer (1927–1999) was an IBM physicist who in 1961 argued that when information is lost in an irreversible circuit, the information becomes entropy and an associated amount of energy is dissipated as heat. This principle is relevant...
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| Irreversible circuit | |||||
| x Clyde Tombaugh |
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American astronomer who discovered the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930 | Pluto |
Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906 – January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer.
Tombaugh is best known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930, but also discovered many asteroids, and called for serious scientific research of...
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| x Raymond Dart |
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Australian anatomist and anthropologist best known for his discovery in 1924 of a fossil of Australopithecus at Taung in Northwestern South Africa | Taung Child | Phillip V. Tobias |
Raymond Arthur Dart (February 4, 1893 – November 22, 1988) was an Australian anatomist and anthropologist. The son of a farmer and tradesman, he was married twice and had two children. He is best known for his discovery in 1924 of a fossil (first...
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| Australopithecus | Wilfrid Le Gros Clark | ||||
| Robert Broom | |||||
| x Ludwig Prandtl |
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German physicist pioneer of aerodynamics. He developed the mathematical basis for the fundamental principles of subsonic aerodynamics in the 1920s. | Prandtl–Glauert singularity | Hermann Göring |
Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used to underlay the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of...
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| Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan | Richard Edler von Mises | ||||
| Fluid mechanics | Adolf Busemann | ||||
| Aerodynamics | Michael Max Munk | ||||
| Albert Betz | |||||
| x Antoine Lacroix |
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French mineralogist and geologist | Mount Pelée | Auguste Michel-Lévy |
Antoine François Alfred Lacroix (February 4, 1863 – March 12, 1948) was a French mineralogist and geologist. He was born at Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire.
He took the degree of D. s Sc. in Paris, 1889, as student of Ferdinand André Fouqué. Fouqué only...
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| x John Bachman |
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American naturalist. He used his natural history knowledge to become one of the first writers to argue scientifically that blacks and whites are the same species. | Human |
The Rev. John Bachman (February 4, 1790 – February 24, 1874) was an American Lutheran minister, social activist and naturalist who collaborated with J.J. Audubon to produce Viviparous Quadrapeds of North America and whose writings, particularly...
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| x A. P. de Candolle |
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Swiss Botanist | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelt Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (4 February 1778 - 9 September 1841) was a botanist. The author abbreviation used in citing plant names he published is "DC.".
He originated the idea of "Nature's war", which...
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| Georges Cuvier | |||||
| x Thomas Earnshaw |
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English watchmaker who first simplified the process of marine chronometer production. He's also known for his improvements to the transit clock at the Royal Greenwich Observatory and his invention of the chronometer escapement and the bimetallic compensation balance. | Escapement |
Thomas Earnshaw (4 February 1749 in Ashton-under-Lyne – 1 March 1829 in London) was an English watchmaker who first simplified the process of marine chronometer production, making them available to the general public. He's also known for his...
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| Marine chronometer | |||||
| x Carl Rogers |
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Influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology | Student-centred learning |
Carl Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and...
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| Client-Centered Therapy | |||||
| Humanistic psychology | |||||
| x Satyendra Nath Bose |
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Indian Bengali physicist, specializing in mathematical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose-Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose-Einstein condensate. | Bose gas | Louis de Broglie |
Satyendra Nath Bose (Bengali: সত্যেন্দ্র নাথ বসু [ʃɔt̪ˈjeːnd̪ro naːt̪ʰ bɔʃu], Hindi pronunciation: [sətˈjeːndrə naːtʰ boːs]) (1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974), FRS, was an Indian physicist, specializing in mathematical physics. He is best known for...
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| Bose–Einstein condensate | Marie Curie | ||||
| Albert Einstein | |||||
| x Edward Sapir |
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American anthropologist-linguist, a leader in American structural linguistics, and one of the creators of what is now called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. | Sapir–Whorf hypothesis | Benjamin Whorf |
Edward Sapir (pronounced /səˈpɪər/), (January 26, 1884 – February 4, 1939) was a German-born American anthropologist-linguist and a leader in American structural linguistics. He was one of the creators of what is now called the Sapir-Whorf...
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| x Hendrik Lorentz |
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Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. | Electromagnetic radiation |
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation...
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| x Robert Koldewey |
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German architect and archaeologist, famous for his discovery of the ancient city of Babylon in modern day Iraq. | Babylon |
Robert Johann Koldewey (10 September 1855–4 February 1925) was a German architect and archaeologist, famous for his discovery of the ancient city of Babylon in modern day Iraq. He was born in Blankenburg am Harz in Germany, the duchy of Brunswick,...
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| x James Owen Dorsey | American ethnologist, linguist, and missionary who contributed to the description of the Dakota and other Siouan languages. | Siouan languages |
James Owen Dorsey (October 31, 1848 – February 4, 1895) was an American ethnologist, linguist, and Episcopalian missionary who contributed to the description of the Ponca and other southern Siouan languages.
collected by James Owen Dorsey]
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| x George Engelmann |
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German-American botanist who described the flora of the west of North America |
George Engelmann, also known as Georg Engelmann, (2 February 1809 – 4 February 1884) was a German-American botanist. He was instrumental in describing the flora of the west of North America, then very poorly-known; he was particularly active in the...
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| x Henri Dutrochet |
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French physician, botanist and physiologist. | Respiration |
René Joachim Henri Dutrochet (November 14, 1776 – February 4, 1847) was a French physician, botanist and physiologist.
Dutrochet was born in Poitou. In 1799 he entered the military marine at Rochefort, but soon left it to join the Vendean army. In...
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| Osmosis | |||||
| Embryology | |||||
| x Charles Marie de La Condamine |
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French explorer, geographer, and mathematician. | Curare | Jorge Juan y Santacilia |
Charles Marie de La Condamine (January 28, 1701 – February 4, 1774) was a French explorer, geographer, and mathematician.
La Condamine was born in Paris. He was trained for the military profession, but turned his attention to science and...
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| Quinine | Antonio de Ulloa | ||||
| Meter | Pierre Bouguer | ||||
| Louis Godin | |||||
| x Giambattista della Porta |
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Italian scholar, polymath and playwright who lived in Naples at the time of the Scientific Revolution and Reformation. | Academia Secretorum Naturae |
Giambattista della Porta (1535? - 4 February 1615), also known as Giovanni Battista Della Porta, and John Baptist Porta was an Italian scholar, polymath and playwright who lived in Naples at the time of the Scientific Revolution and Reformation....
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| Polyalphabetic cipher | |||||
| x Isaac Asimov |
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Author and professor of biochemistry, a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books | Isaac Asimov's Robot Series |
Isaac Asimov (born Isaac Yudovich Ozimov, Russian: Исаак Юдович Озимов; c. January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992), was an American author and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular...
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| x Roger Adams |
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American organic chemist, best-known for the eponymous Adams' catalyst | Adams' catalyst | Richard Willstätter |
Roger Adams (January 2, 1889 – July 6, 1971) was an American organic chemist. He is best-known for the eponymous Adams' catalyst, but also greatly influenced graduate education in America, taught over 250 Ph.D. students and postgraduate students,...
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| Otto Diels | |||||
| Hermann Emil Fischer | |||||
| x Albert C. Barnes |
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American inventor and art collector, who made a fortune from the development of the antiseptic drug Argyrol, and founded the Barnes Foundation, a popular art collection in Pennsylvania. | Argyrol |
Albert Coombs Barnes (January 2, 1872 – July 24, 1951) was an American inventor and art collector. With his fortune made from the development of the antiseptic drug Argyrol, he founded the Barnes Foundation, a museum created from his private...
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| x Rudolf Clausius |
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German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics | Second law of thermodynamics |
Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (Born Rudolf Gottlieb, January 2, 1822 – August 24, 1888), was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's...
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| Entropy | |||||
| Thermodynamics | |||||
| x Charles Hatchett |
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English chemist who discovered the element niobium | Niobium |
Charles Hatchett FRS (2 January 1765 – 10 March 1847) was an English chemist who discovered the element niobium.
Hatchett was born, raised, and lived in London. On 24 March 1787, he married Elizabeth Collick at St Martin's-in-the-Fields, with issue...
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| x Johann Daniel Titius |
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German astronomer best known for formulating the Titius-Bode law | Ceres |
Johann Daniel Titius (January 2, 1729 – December 11, 1796) was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg.
Titius was born in Konitz (Chojnice), Royal Prussia, and died in Wittenberg.
He is best known for formulating the Titius-Bode law, and...
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| Titius–Bode law | |||||
| x Lillian Moller Gilbreth |
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one of the first working female engineers holding a PhD | Industrial engineering |
Lillian Moller Gilbreth, PhD, (May 24, 1878 – January 2, 1972) was one of the first working female engineers holding a PhD. She was born in Oakland, California to William and Anne (née Delger) Moller.
She is arguably the first true industrial...
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| Time and motion study | |||||
| x Edward Burnett Tylor |
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English anthropologist considered as the representative of cultural evolutionism. | Animism |
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917), was an English anthropologist.
Tylor is considered representative of cultural evolutionism. In his works Primitive culture and Anthropology, he defined the context of scientific study of...
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| x Léon Teisserenc de Bort |
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French meteorologist who became famous for his discovery of the stratosphere. | Troposphere |
Léon Philippe Teisserenc de Bort (November 5, 1855 in Paris, France – January 2, 1913 in Cannes, France) was a French meteorologist who became famous for his discovery of the stratosphere.
Teisserenc de Bort pioneered the use of unmanned...
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| Earth's atmosphere | |||||
| x George Biddell Airy |
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English mathematician and astronomer. | Airy disc |
Sir George Biddell Airy FRS (27 July 1801 – 2 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881. His many achievements include work on planetary orbits, measuring the mean density of the Earth, a method of...
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| Airy function | |||||
| Isostasy | |||||
| x Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau |
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French chemist and politician. He is credited with producing the first systematic method of chemical nomenclature. | IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry |
Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau (also Guyton-Morveau after the French Revolution; 4 January 1737–2 January 1816) was a French chemist and politician. He is credited with producing the first systematic method of chemical nomenclature.
Guyton de...
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| Encyclopédie Méthodique | |||||
| x Havelock Ellis |
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British doctor, sexual psychologist and social reformer. | Human sexuality | John Addington Symonds |
Henry Havelock Ellis (2 February 1859 - 8 July 1939) was a British sexologist, physician, and social reformer.
Ellis, son of Edward Peppen Ellis and Susannah Mary Wheatley, was born in Croydon, then a small town south of London. His father was a sea...
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| x François-Alphonse Forel |
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Swiss scientist who pioneered the study of lakes, and is thus considered the founder of limnology | Limnology |
François-Alphonse Forel (February 2, 1841 - August 7, 1912) was a Swiss scientist who pioneered the study of lakes, and is thus considered the founder of limnology.
Born in Morges on Lake Geneva, he worked as a professor of medicine at the...
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| x Stephen Cole Kleene |
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American mathematician who helped lay the foundations for theoretical computer science. | Recursion theory |
Stephen Cole Kleene (January 5, 1909, Hartford, Connecticut, USA – January 25, 1994, Madison, Wisconsin) was an American mathematician who helped lay the foundations for theoretical computer science. One of many distinguished students of Alonzo...
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| Regular expression | |||||
| Computing Science | |||||
| x Kathleen Kenyon |
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English archaeologist of Neolithic culture in the Fertile Crescent and excavator of a small area of Jericho in Israel from 1952 to 1958 | Jewry Wall | Mortimer Wheeler |
Dame Kathleen Mary Kenyon (5 January 1906 – 24 August 1978), was a leading archaeologist of Neolithic culture in the Fertile Crescent. She is best known for her excavations in Jericho in 1952-1958.
Kathleen Kenyon was the eldest daughter of Sir...
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| Wheeler-Kenyon method | Gertrude Caton–Thompson | ||||
| x Joseph Erlanger |
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American physiologist , Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1944 for the discovery of different types of nerve fibers | Nerve fiber layer |
Joseph Erlanger (January 5, 1874 – December 5, 1965) was an American physiologist.
Erlanger was born on January 5, 1874, at San Francisco, California. He completed his B.S. in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley and completed his M...
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| x King C. Gillette |
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American businessman, popularly known as the inventor of the safety razor. | Safety razor |
King Camp Gillette (January 5, 1855 – July 9, 1932) was an American businessman, popularly known as the inventor of the safety razor. While Gillette did improve the design of the safety razor (patent US775134), his true invention was an inexpensive,...
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| x Camille Jordan |
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French mathematician, known both for his foundational work in group theory and for his influential Cours d'analyse | Composition series |
Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (January 5, 1838 – January 22, 1922) was a French mathematician, known both for his foundational work in group theory and for his influential Cours d'analyse. He was born in Lyon and educated at the École polytechnique....
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| Jordan measure | |||||
| Jordan normal form | |||||
| Jordan curve theorem | |||||
| Group theory | |||||
| x Edmund Ruffin |
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Edmund Ruffin (January 5, 1794 – June 17, 1865) was a farmer and slaveholder, a Confederate soldier, and an 1850s political activist. He advocated states' rights, secession, and slavery and was described by opponents as one of the Fire-Eaters. He...
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| x Thomas Nuttall |
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English botanist and zoologist |
Thomas Nuttall (January 5, 1786 - September 10, 1859) was an English botanist and zoologist, who lived and worked in America from 1808 until 1841.
Nuttall was born in the village of Long Preston, near Settle in the West Riding of Yorkshire and spent...
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| x Norman Heatley |
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Member of the team of Oxford University scientists who developed penicillin | Penicillin | Ernst Boris Chain |
Norman George Heatley (January 10, 1911 – January 5, 2004) was a member of the team of Oxford University scientists who developed penicillin.
He was born in Woodbridge, Suffolk, and as a boy was an enthusiastic sailor of a small boat on the River...
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| Howard Walter Florey | |||||
| x Merill Chase | immunologist working at the Rockefeller University in New York City who is credited with discovering cell-mediated immunology | T cell | Karl Landsteiner |
Merrill W. Chase (September 17, 1905-January 5, 2004) was an immunologist working at the Rockefeller University in New York City who is credited with discovering cell-mediated immunology in the early 1940s. While working with Dr. Karl Landsteiner,...
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| B cell | |||||
| x S. J. Begun |
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German-American inventor who built the first tape recorder for broadcasting | Magnetic tape sound recording |
Semi Joseph Begun (born in Germany in 1905, died 1995), usually referred to as S. Joseph Begun, was a German-American engineer and inventor.
In 1943 Begun was Vice President of Research for Brush Development Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Brush’s main...
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| x Harold Urey |
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American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 and later led him to theories of planetary evolution | Cosmochemistry | Arthur Edward Ruark |
Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 and later led him to theories of planetary evolution.
Urey was born in...
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| Miller–Urey experiment | David Rittenberg | ||||
| Deuterium | Rudolph Schoenheimer | ||||
| x Robert Hofstadter |
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Winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons. | Electron scattering |
Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990) was an American physicist. He was the winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries...
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| x Alan Lloyd Hodgkin |
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British physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Andrew Fielding Huxley on the basis of nerve "action potentials" | Voltage clamp | Andrew Huxley |
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, FRS (5 February 1914, Banbury, Oxfordshire, England – 20 December 1998 Cambridge) was a British physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Hodgkin was educated at The Downs...
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| Electrophysiology | |||||
| Action potential | |||||
| x André Citroën |
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French entrepreneur remembered chiefly for the make of car named after him, but also for his invention of double helical gears. | Gears | Georges-Marie Haardt |
André-Gustave Citroën (5 February 1878 – 3 July 1935) was a French-Jewish entrepreneur. He is remembered chiefly for the make of car named after him, but also for his application of double helical gears.
André-Gustave was the 5th and last child of a...
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| x Lafayette Mendel |
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American biochemist known for his work in nutrition including the study of Vitamin A, Vitamin B, lysine and tryptophan. | Tryptophan |
Lafayette Benedict Mendel (February 5, 1872 – December 9, 1935) was an American biochemist known for his work in nutrition including the study of Vitamin A, Vitamin B, lysine and tryptophan.
Mendel was born in Delhi, New York, son of Benedict Mendel...
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| Lysine | |||||
| B vitamins | |||||
| Vitamin A | |||||
| Nutrition | |||||
| x Arthur Keith |
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Scottish anatomist and anthropologist, and was a leading figure in the study of human fossils | Piltdown Man |
Sir Arthur Keith (5 February 1866 – 7 January 1955) was a Scottish anatomist and anthropologist, who became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and Hunterian Professor and conservator of the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of...
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| Fossil | |||||
| x John Lindley |
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English botanist | Scientific classification | John Claudius Loudon |
John Lindley (8 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist.
Lindley was born at Catton, near Norwich, where his father, George Lindley, author of A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden, owned a nursery garden. He was educated at...
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| x Alexandre Brongniart |
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French chemist, mineralogist, and zoologist, who collaborated with Georges Cuvier on a study of the geology of the region around Paris. | Stratigraphy | Georges Cuvier |
Alexandre Brongniart (1770–1847) was a French chemist, mineralogist, and zoologist, who collaborated with Georges Cuvier on a study of the geology of the region around Paris. He was the son of the architect Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart and father...
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| Trilobite | |||||
| Ceramics | |||||
| x Gerard O'Neill |
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U.S. physicist and space pioneer | Space Studies Institute | Rick Tumlinson |
Gerard Kitchen O'Neill (February 6, 1927 – April 27, 1992) was an American physicist and space activist. As a faculty member of Princeton University, he invented a device called the particle storage ring for high-energy physics experiments. Later,...
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| Particle physics | |||||
| O'Neill cylinder | |||||
| x Mary Leakey |
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British archaeologist and anthropologist, who discovered the first skull of a fossil ape on Rusinga Island and also a noted robust Australopithecine called Zinjanthropus at Olduvai. | Laetoli |
Mary Leakey (February 6, 1913 – December 9, 1996) was a British archaeologist and anthropologist, who discovered the first skull of a fossil ape on Rusinga Island and also a noted robust Australopithecine called Zinjanthropus at Olduvai. For much of...
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| Fossil | |||||
| x William Murphy |
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Vitamin B-12 | George Whipple |
William Parry Murphy (Stoughton, Wisconsin, February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in...
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| Anemia | George Minot | ||||
| x Robert Maillart |
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Swiss civil engineer who revolutionized reinforced concrete | Salginatobel Bridge |
Robert Maillart (February 6, 1872 - April 5, 1940) was a Swiss civil engineer who revolutionized reinforced concrete with such designs as the three-hinged arch, the deck-stiffened arch, and the mushroom slab.
Maillart attended the Federal Institute...
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| Schwandbach Bridge | |||||
| Reinforced concrete | |||||
| x C. Lloyd Morgan |
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British psychologist | Emergent evolution |
C. Lloyd Morgan (Conwy Lloyd Morgan) (6 February 1852 - 6 March 1936) was a British psychologist. He is best remembered for the experimental approach to animal psychology now known as "Morgan's canon".
Lloyd Morgan was born in London and studied at...
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| Behaviorism | |||||
| Morgan's Canon | |||||
| x Edwin Klebs |
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German pathologist nown for his work on infectious diseases | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Rudolf Virchow |
Edwin Klebs (6 February 1834 – 23 October 1913) was a German-Swiss pathologist. He is mainly known for his work on infectious diseases. He was the father of Arnold Klebs.
Klebs was born in Königsberg, Province of Prussia. He studied at the...
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| x Charles Wheatstone |
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British scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope , the Playfair cipher, the wheastone bridge | Telegraphy | William Fothergill Cooke |
Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS (6 February 1802 - 19 October 1875), was a British scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional...
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| Wheatstone bridge | |||||
| Playfair cipher | |||||
| Stereoscope | |||||
| Concertina | |||||
| x John Stevens Henslow |
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English botanist and geologist | Agronomy | Charles Darwin |
John Stevens Henslow (6 February 1796 - 16 May 1861) was an English botanist and geologist.
Henslow was born at Rochester, the son of a solicitor John Prentis Henslow, who was the son of Sir John Henslow. He was educated at St. John's College,...
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| John James Audubon | |||||
| x Gardner Quincy Colton |
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American showman, lecturer, and former medical student who pioneered the use of nitrous oxide in dentistry | Extraction | Horace Wells |
Gardner Quincy Colton (February 17, 1814, Georgia, Vermont – August 9, 1898, Rotterdam) was an American showman, lecturer, and former medical student who pioneered the use of nitrous oxide in dentistry.
After making $535 from his first public...
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| Dentistry | |||||
| Nitrous oxide | |||||
| x William Huggins |
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British astronomer , he was the first to distinguish between nebulas and galaxies | Absorption spectrum | William Allen Miller |
Sir William Huggins, OM, FRS (7 February 1824 – 12 May 1910) was an English astronomer best known for his pioneering work in astronomical spectroscopy.
William Huggins was born at Cornhill, Middlesex in 1824. He married Margaret Lindsay, who was a...
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| Emission | |||||
| Galaxy | |||||
| Nebula | |||||
