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Scientists in the History of Sciences
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| x name | x image | x Short Bio | x Known for | x Worked With | x article |
| x Karl Möbius |
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German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of ecology. | Biocoenosis |
Karl August Möbius (7 February 1825 in Eilenburg – 26 April 1908 in Berlin) was a German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of ecology and a former director of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.
Möbius was born in the town of Eilenburg in...
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| Ecology | |||||
| x Alfred Adler |
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Austrian medical doctor and psychologist, founder of the school of individual psychology. | Sigmund Freud |
Alfred Adler (February 7, 1870, Mariahilfer Straße 208, Rudolfsheim, Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus – May 28, 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychologist and founder of the school of individual psychology. In collaboration with Sigmund Freud and a...
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| x Kiyoshi Shiga |
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Japanese physician and bacteriologist who became famous for the discovery of shigella | Shigella | Paul Ehrlich |
Kiyoshi Shiga (志賀 潔, Shiga Kiyoshi, February 7, 1871–January 25, 1957) was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist.
Shiga was born in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, though his original family name was Sato. He graduated from the Medical School of Tokyo...
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| Kitasato Shibasaburo | |||||
| x G. H. Hardy |
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English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis | Hardy–Weinberg principle | Reginald Punnett |
G. H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy FRS (February 7, 1877 Cranleigh, Surrey, England – December 1, 1947 Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England ) was a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis.
Non...
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| Second Hardy-Littlewood conjecture | John Edensor Littlewood | ||||
| Hardy–Littlewood circle method | Srinivasa Ramanujan | ||||
| Mathematical analysis | |||||
| Analytic number theory | |||||
| x Eric Temple Bell |
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mathematician and science fiction author born in Scotland | Number theory |
Eric Temple Bell (February 7, 1883, Peterhead, Scotland - December 21, 1960, Watsonville, California) was a mathematician and science fiction author born in Scotland who lived in the U.S. for most of his life. He published his non-fiction under his...
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| Bell series | |||||
| x Hans Jenny |
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soil scientist and expert on pedology (the study of soil in its natural environment), particularly the processes of soil formation. | Clorpt |
Hans Jenny (7 February 1899 – 9 January 1992) was a soil scientist and expert on pedology (the study of soil in its natural environment), particularly the processes of soil formation.
Hans Jenny was born in Basel, Switzerland. He earned a diploma in...
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| Pedology | |||||
| x Ulf von Euler |
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Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He won a Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters. | Norepinephrine | Eduardo Braun-Menéndez |
Ulf Svante von Euler (February 7, 1905 – March 9, 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.
Ulf S. von Euler was born in Stockholm, the son of two...
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| Prostaglandin | Archibald Hill | ||||
| Neurotransmitter | Gustav Embden | ||||
| Corneille Heymans | |||||
| Henry Hallett Dale | |||||
| x Ruth Sager |
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American geneticist | Genetics |
Ruth Sager (February 7, 1918 – March 29, 1997) was an eminent American geneticist. Sager enjoyed two scientic careers. Her first was in the 1950s and 1960s when she pioneered the field of cytoplasmic genetics. Her second career began in the early...
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| Cytoplasm | |||||
| x Konstantin Feoktistov |
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cosmonaut and space engineer | Voskhod 1 |
Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov (Russian: Константин Петрович Феоктистов; 7 February 1926 – 21 November 2009) was a Soviet cosmonaut and an eminent space engineer. Feoktistov also wrote several books on space technology and exploration. The...
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| x Gaspar Schott |
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German scientist, specializing in the fields of physics, mathematics and natural philosophy, and known for his piety | Universal joint |
Gaspar Schott (5 February 1608 - 22 May 1666) was a German scientist, specializing in the fields of physics, mathematics and natural philosophy, and known for his piety. He was born at Königshofen and died at Augsburg (or Würzburg, sources vary).
In...
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| x Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger |
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Austrian mineralogist, geologist and physicist | Haidinger fringes |
Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger (or Wilhelm von Haidinger) (February 5, 1795 – March 19, 1871) was an Austrian mineralogist, geologist and physicist.
He was born at Vienna; his father, Karl Haidinger, contributed largely to the development of...
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| Haidinger's brush | |||||
| x Gabriel Voisin |
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rench aviation pioneer | Aviation |
Gabriel Voisin (February 5, 1880 – December 25, 1973) was among French aviation's earliest pioneers (1903) and the creator of Europe's first engine powered, heavier-than-air flying machine capable of a sustained circular ( 1 km) controlled flight,...
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| x Charles Leblond |
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pioneer of cell biology and stem cell research and a former Canadian professor of anatomy. Leblond is notable for developing autoradiography and his work showing how cells continuously renew themselves, regardless of age. | Stem cell |
Charles Philippe Leblond, CC, FRSC, FRS (February 5, 1910 – April 10, 2007) was a pioneer of cell biology and stem cell research and a former Canadian professor of anatomy. Leblond is notable for developing autoradiography and his work showing how...
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| Autoradiograph | |||||
| Radioactive tracer | |||||
| x Wang Xuan |
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innovator of the Chinese printing industry | Computing Science |
Wang Xuan (Chinese: 王选; February 5, 1937 - February 13, 2006), born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, innovator of the Chinese printing industry, was an academician at both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is a well...
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| x Chester Carlson |
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American physicist, inventor. . He invented the process of instant copying which he called electrophotography, and which was subsequently named xerography | Xerox | Otto Kornei |
Chester Floyd Carlson (February 8, 1906 – September 19, 1968) was an American physicist, inventor, and patent attorney born in Seattle, Washington.
He is best known for having invented the process of electrophotography, which produced a dry copy...
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| Xerography | |||||
| x Rudolf Dreikurs |
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American psychiatrist and educator who developed psychologist Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of reprehensible behaviour in children and for stimulating cooperative behaviour without punishment or reward. | Individual psychology |
Rudolf Dreikurs (February 8, 1897, Vienna - May 25, 1972, Chicago) was an American psychiatrist and educator who developed psychologist Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of...
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| x Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild |
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British banker and zoologist from the international Rothschild financial dynasty. | Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum |
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), a scion of the Rothschild family, was a British banker, politician, and zoologist.
Walter Rothschild was the eldest son and heir of Lord [Nathan] Rothschild, an...
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| x Moses Gomberg |
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chemist known as the founder of radical chemistry. | Radical | Victor Meyer |
Moses Gomberg (born Feb. 8, 1866, Yelizavetgrad, Russian Empire [now Kirovograd, Ukraine] died Feb. 12, 1947, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.) was a chemistry professor at the University of Michigan.
He was born in Elizabetgrad, Russian Empire. In 1884, the...
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| Tetraphenylmethane | Adolf von Baeyer | ||||
| x Dmitri Mendeleev |
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Russian chemist credited as being the primary creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. | Pyrocollodion |
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (also romanized Mendeleyev or Mendeleef; Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев listen (help·info)) (8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 – 2 February [O.S. 20 January] 1907), was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is...
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| Coronium | |||||
| Periodic table | |||||
| x Henry Walter Bates |
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English naturalist and explorer most famous for his expedition to the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace | Mimic | Alfred Russel Wallace |
Henry Walter Bates FRS FLS FGS (Leicester, 8 February 1825 – London, 16 February 1892) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the Amazon with...
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| Amazon Rainforest | |||||
| Natural selection | |||||
| x Friedrich Ferdinand Runge |
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German analytical chemist | Purine |
Friedrich (or Friedlieb/Friedlob) Ferdinand Runge (born near Hamburg on 8 February 1795, died in Oranienburg on 25 March 1867) was a German analytical chemist.
Runge conducted chemical experiments from a young age, serendipitously identifying the...
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| Caffeine | |||||
| Deadly nightshade | |||||
| x Bernard Courtois |
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French chemist, born in Dijon, France who discovered iodine in 1811. | Morphine |
Bernard Courtois, also spelled Barnard Courtois, (12 February 1777–27 September 1838) was a French chemist born in Dijon, France.
Courtois grew up in the prestigious surroundings of his father's workplace at the Dijon Academy. The Academy, where the...
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| Iodine | |||||
| x Jean-André Deluc | Swiss geologist and meteorologist |
Jean-André Deluc (8 February 1727 – 7 November 1817) was a Swiss geologist and meteorologist.
He was born at Geneva, descended from a family which had emigrated from Lucca and settled at Geneva in the 15th century. His father, François Deluc, was...
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| x Daniel Bernoulli |
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Swiss mathematician particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. | Bernoulli's principle | Leonhard Euler |
Daniel Bernoulli (Groningen, 8 February 1700 – Basel, 8 March 1782) was a Dutch-Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to...
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| Euler–Bernoulli beam equation | |||||
| Kinetic theory | |||||
| Risk aversion | |||||
| Riccati equation | |||||
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| x Jean Cruveilhier |
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French anatomist known for his work regarding the nervous system | Multiple sclerosis |
Jean Cruveilhier (1791 in Limoges, France – 1874 in Sussac) was a French anatomist.
In 1816 he earned his doctorate in Paris, where in 1825 he succeeded Pierre Augustin Béclard (1785-1825) as professor of anatomy. In 1836 he relinquished the chair...
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| Nervous system | |||||
| x Addison Emery Verrill |
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American zoologist | Cephalopod | Sidney Irving Smith |
Addison Emery Verrill (1839, Greenwood, Maine – 1926, Santa Barbara, California) was an American zoologist. He was a student of Louis Agassiz at Harvard University and graduated during 1862. He then accepted a position as Yale University's first...
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| x Wilhelm Maybach |
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German engine designer and industrialist | Gottlieb Daimler |
Wilhelm Maybach (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈmaibax]; 9 February 1846 – 29 December 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist. During the 1890s he was hailed in France, then the world centre for car production, as the "King of...
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| x Aletta Jacobs |
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first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician |
Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs, better known as Aletta Jacobs (9 February 1854 - 10 August 1929) was the first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician. She was born to a Jewish doctor's family in Sappemeer....
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| x Robert Hope-Jones |
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inventor of the theatre organ | Theatre organ |
Robert Hope-Jones (February 9, 1859, in Cheshire, England — September 13, 1914, in Rochester, New York, United States), is considered to be the inventor of the theatre organ in the early 20th century. He thought that a pipe organ should be able to...
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| x Farkas Bolyai |
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Hungarian mathematician, mainly known for his work in geometry. | Geometry | Carl Friedrich Gauss |
Farkas Bolyai (February 9, 1775 - November 20, 1856, also known as Wolfgang Bolyai in Germany) was a Hungarian mathematician, mainly known for his work in geometry.
Bolyai was born in Bolya (Buia), a town near Nagyszeben (today Sibiu) in...
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| x Johann Baptist von Spix |
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German naturalist | Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius |
Johann Baptist von Spix (February 9, 1781 – March 14, 1826) was a German naturalist.
Spix was born in Höchstadt. After his first fundamental publication, a book about the history of zoological classification, published in 1810, he was appointed as a...
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| x Franz Xaver Gabelsberger |
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German inventor of a shorthand writing system | Shorthand |
Franz Xaver Gabelsberger (February 9, 1789 – January 4, 1849, both in Munich) was a German inventor of a shorthand writing system, named Gabelsberger shorthand after him.
Gabelsberger, employed as typist by the Bavarian government, started to...
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| x Erich von Drygalski |
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German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist | Gauss |
Erich Dagobert von Drygalski (February 9, 1865 – January 10, 1949) was a German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist, born in Königsberg, Province of Prussia.
Between 1882 and 1887, Drygalski studied mathematics and natural science at the...
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| South Pole | |||||
| x Lipót Fejér |
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Hungarian mathematician. His research concentrated on harmonic analysis and, in particular, Fourier series. | Fourier series | Frigyes Riesz |
Lipót Fejér (or Leopold Fejér), (February 9, 1880, Pécs – October 15, 1959, Budapest) was a Hungarian mathematician. Fejér was born Leopold Weiss, and changed to the Hungarian name Fejér around 1900.
Fejér studied mathematics and physics in Budapest...
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| Harmonic analysis | Constantin Carathéodory | ||||
| x Jacques Monod |
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French biologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 for is famous for his work on the Lac operon | Lac operon | Jean-Pierre Changeux |
See also Jacques-Louis Monod, French-born composer and cousin of Jacques Monod.
Jacques Lucien Monod (February 9, 1910 – May 31, 1976) was a French biologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965. Born in Paris, he was also...
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| François Jacob | |||||
| x Burkhard Heim |
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German theoretical physicist who devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory. | Heim theory |
Burkhard Heim (February 9, 1925 - January 14, 2001) was a German theoretical physicist. He devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory. One of his childhood ambitions was to develop a method of space...
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| x Kevin Warwick |
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British scientist and professor of cybernetics | Artificial intelligence |
Kevin Warwick (born 9 February 1954 Coventry, UK) is a British scientist and professor of cybernetics at the University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom. He is best known for his studies on direct interfaces between computer systems...
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| Robot | |||||
| Brain-computer interface | |||||
| x Brian Greene |
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Theoretical physicist and one of the best-known string theorists. | The Fabric of the Cosmos |
Brian Greene (born February 9, 1963) is an American theoretical physicist and one of the best-known string theorists. He has been a professor at Columbia University since 1996. Greene has worked on mirror symmetry, relating two different Calabi-Yau...
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| The Elegant Universe | |||||
| String theory | |||||
| x Norman Shumway |
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pioneer of heart surgery at Stanford University | Ciclosporin |
Norman Edward Shumway (February 9, 1923 – February 10, 2006) was a pioneer of heart surgery at Stanford University.
In collaboration with Randall B. Griepp, he was famous for being the first doctor to successfully carry out a heart transplant...
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| Organ transplant | |||||
| x Howard Taylor Ricketts |
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American pathologist after whom the Rickettsiaceae family and the Rickettsiales are named. | Typhus |
Howard Taylor Ricketts (1871-1910) was an American pathologist after whom the Rickettsiaceae family and the Rickettsiales are named.
In the early part of his career, Ricketts undertook research at Northwestern University on blastomycosis. He later...
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| Bacillus | |||||
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever | |||||
| Blastomycosis | |||||
| x Joshua Lederberg |
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American molecular biologist known for his work in genetics, artificial intelligence, and space exploration. Nobel Prize in 1958 for his research in genetic structure and function in microorganisms | Dendral | Edward Feigenbaum |
Joshua Lederberg (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in genetics, artificial intelligence, and space exploration. He was just 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
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| Astrobiology | Esther Lederberg | ||||
| Transduction | Edward Lawrie Tatum | ||||
| Bacterial conjugation | |||||
| Neurospora crassa | |||||
| x Walter Houser Brattain |
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physicist at Bell Labs who, along with John Bardeen and William Shockley invented the transistor | Transistor | William Shockley |
Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902–October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the transistor. They shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention. He...
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| John Bardeen | |||||
| x Richard Brauer |
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German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory. He was the founder of modular representation theory | Brauer's theorem on induced characters |
Richard Dagobert Brauer (February 10, 1901 – April 17, 1977) was a leading German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory. He was the founder of modular representation...
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| x John Franklin Enders |
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American medical scientist . Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" | Poliomyelitis | Frederick Chapman Robbins |
John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1897 – September 8, 1985) was an American medical scientist and Nobel laureate. Enders had been called "The Father of Modern vaccines."
Enders was born in West Hartford, Connecticut and was educated at the Noah...
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| Thomas Huckle Weller | |||||
| x Hardy Cross |
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U.S. structural engineer and the developer of the moment distribution method for structural calculation of large buildings. | Moment distribution method |
Hardy Cross, 1885-1959, born in Nansemond County, Virginia, was a U.S. structural engineer and the developer of the moment distribution method for structural calculation of large buildings. The method was in general use from c.1935 until c.1960 when...
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| x Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt |
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German mineralogist, nature philosopher, and art collector |
Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt (February 10, 1853, in Mainz - May 8, 1933, in Salzburg) was a German mineralogist, natural philosopher, and art collector.
Born 1853 in Mainz, Goldschmidt attended the Bergakademie Freiberg in Saxony and graduated in...
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| x Ira Remsen |
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was a chemist who, along with Constantin Fahlberg discovered the artificial sweetener saccharin. | Saccharin | Constantin Fahlberg |
Ira Remsen (February 10, 1846 - March 4, 1927) was a chemist who, along with Constantin Fahlberg, discovered the artificial sweetener saccharin. He was the second president of Johns Hopkins University.
Remsen was born in New York City and earned an...
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| Daniel Coit Gilman | |||||
| x Agnes Mary Clerke |
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Irish astronomer and writer |
Agnes Mary Clerke (10 February 1842 – 20 January 1907) was an astronomer and writer, mainly in the field of astronomy. She was born at Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, and died in London.
Agnes Clerke, the daughter of John Willis Clerke (c.1814 ...
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| x Per Teodor Cleve |
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Swedish chemist and geologist. He discovered the elements holmium and thulium in 1879 | Praseodymium |
Per Teodor Cleve (10 February 1840 – 18 June 1905) was a Swedish chemist and geologist.
After graduating from the Stockholm Gymnasium in 1858, Cleve matriculated at Uppsala University in May 1858, where he received his PhD in 1863. After employment...
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| Neodymium | |||||
| Didymium | |||||
| Thulium | |||||
| Holmium | |||||
| x Victor Hensen |
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German zoologist (planktology). He coined the term plankton and laid the foundation for biological oceanography. | Hensen's node |
Christian Andreas Victor Hensen (February 10, 1835 – April 5, 1924) was a German zoologist (planktology). He coined the term plankton and laid the foundation for biological oceanography.
Hensen was born in the town of Schleswig. He studied medicine...
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| Ear | |||||
| Marine biology | |||||
| Plankton | |||||
| x John Edgar Thomson |
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American civil engineer, oversaw the railroad's conversion from wood to coal as a fuel for its steam locomotives. | Locomotive |
John Edgar Thomson (February 10, 1808 – May 27, 1874) was an American civil engineer, railroad executive and industrialist. He was the third president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (1852-74), and oversaw the railroad's conversion from wood to coal as...
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| x Benjamin Smith Barton |
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American botanist and physician | Mound builders |
Benjamin Smith Barton (February 10, 1766 – December 19, 1815) was an American botanist and physician.
Barton studied at the York Academy in Lancaster, Pennsylvania from 1780 to 1782, then attended the College of Philadelphia, studying medicine under...
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| x Charles De Geer |
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Swedish industrialist and entomologist |
Baron Charles de Geer (the family is usually known as De Geer with a capitalized "De"; Finspång in Risinge 30 January 1720 – Stockholm 7 March 1778) was a Swedish industrialist and entomologist.
De Geer, who came from a family with strong Dutch...
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| x Richard Hamming |
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American mathematician whose work had many implications for computer science and telecommunications | Sphere packing |
Richard Wesley Hamming (Chicago, February 11, 1915 – Monterey, California, January 7, 1998) was an American mathematician whose work had many implications for computer science and telecommunications. His contributions include the Hamming code (which...
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| Manhattan Project | |||||
| Hamming distance | |||||
| Hamming bound | |||||
| Hamming numbers | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Vivian Fuchs |
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English explorer whose expeditionary team completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica in 1958 | Antarctica | Louis Leakey |
Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs FRS (11 February 1908 – 11 November 1999) was an English explorer whose expeditionary team completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica in 1958.
Fuchs was the son of the German immigrant Ernst Fuchs from Jena and of...
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| x Leó Szilárd |
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Hungarian-American physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and worked on the Manhattan Project. | Nuclear chain reaction |
Leó Szilárd (Hungarian: Szilárd Leó, February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and worked on the Manhattan Project. He was born in Budapest in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and died in La...
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| Thermodynamics | |||||
| Manhattan Project | |||||
| x Thomas Edison |
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American inventor of Dutch origin and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. | Phonograph |
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long...
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| Incandescent light bulb | |||||
| x Josiah Willard Gibbs |
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American engineer, theoretical physicist, and chemist noted for his famed 1876 publication of On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, a graphical analysis of multi-phase chemical systems, which laid the basis for a large part of modern-day science. | Gibbs phenomenon |
Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American theoretical physicist, chemist, and mathematician. He devised much of the theoretical foundation for chemical thermodynamics as well as physical chemistry. As a mathematician,...
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| Gibbs state | |||||
| Gibbs sampling | |||||
| Gibbs algorithm | |||||
| Gibbs–Helmholtz equation | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Auguste Mariette |
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foremost Egyptologist of his generation, and the founder of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo | Egyptian Museum |
François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette (February 11, 1821 – January 19, 1881) was a French scholar, archaeologist and Egyptologist, the founder of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Mariette proved to be a talented draftsman and...
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| x William Fox Talbot |
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Inventor of the negative/positive photographic process, the precursor to most photographic processes of the 19th and 20th centuries | Negative |
William Henry Fox Talbot (11 February 1800 – 17 September 1877) was the inventor of calotype process, the precursor to most photographic processes of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was also a noted photographer who made major contributions to the...
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| Calotype | |||||
