A language used to give instructions to a computer.
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1,240 Programming Language topics matching:
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| x name | x Parent Language | x Language Paradigms | x Introduced | x Dialects | x article |
| x C++ | C | Object-oriented programming | 1983 |
C++ (pronounced "cee plus plus") is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose, powerful programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low...
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| Generic programming | |||||
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| Procedural programming | |||||
| x C | Procedural programming | 1972 | Objective-C |
C (pronounced see, like the letter C) is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.
Although C was designed for...
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| Imperative programming | C++ | ||||
| Structured programming | Cilk | ||||
| Unified Parallel C | |||||
| C* | |||||
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| x Forth | Stack-oriented programming language | 1970 | Forth-83 |
Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and programming environment. Language features include structured programming, reflection (the ability to modify the program structure during program execution), concatenative...
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| Concatenative programming language | Forth-79 | ||||
| ColorForth | |||||
| MUF | |||||
| x APL | Mathematics | 1964 | APL\360 |
APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is an interactive array-oriented language and integrated development environment, which is available from a number of commercial and noncommercial vendors and for most computer platforms. It is based...
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| Combinatory logic | I-APL | ||||
| Array programming | J | ||||
| Functional programming | APL*PLUS | ||||
| Operator | Nial | ||||
| more ▼ | more ▼ | ||||
| x CLU | Object-oriented programming | 1974 |
CLU is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov and her students between 1974 and 1975. It was notable for its use of constructors for abstract data types that included the code that operated on them, a key step in the direction of...
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| Procedural programming | |||||
| Multi-paradigm programming language | |||||
| x ALGOL | Imperative programming | 1958 | Dartmouth ALGOL 30 |
ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM...
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| Procedural programming | Elliott ALGOL | ||||
| Structured programming | ALGOL W | ||||
| ALGOL 58 | |||||
| ALGOL 60 | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Simula | Object-oriented programming | 1967 |
Simula is a name for two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is a fairly faithful superset of ALGOL 60. ...
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| x Smalltalk | Object-oriented programming | Squeak |
Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language. Smalltalk was created as the language to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human–computer symbiosis." It was designed and created in part for...
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| Smalltalk-71 | |||||
| Smalltalk-72 | |||||
| Smalltalk-76 | |||||
| Smalltalk-80 | |||||
| x Objective-C | C | Object-oriented programming | 1986 | Cobra |
Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.
Today, it is used primarily on Apple's Mac OS X and iOS: two environments derived from the OpenStep standard, though...
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| x Eiffel | Design by contract | 1986 | Cobra |
Eiffel is an ISO-standardized, object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software. The design of the language is closely connected...
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| Object-oriented programming | |||||
| x PHP | Interpreted language | 1995 |
PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It is one of the first developed server-side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source document, rather than...
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| Object-oriented programming | |||||
| Procedural programming | |||||
| x J# | Object-oriented programming | 2002 |
Visual J# (pronounced 'jay-sharp') programming language is a discontinued transitional language for programmers of Java and Visual J++ languages, so they may use their existing knowledge and applications on .NET Framework.
In programming, J# can...
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| x C# | Component-oriented programming | 2001 | Polyphonic C sharp |
C# (pronounced see sharp) is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft...
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| Imperative programming | Cω | ||||
| Object-oriented programming | Spec sharp | ||||
| Structured programming | Cobra | ||||
| Functional programming | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x ALGOL 68 | ALGOL | Imperative programming |
ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously...
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| Multi-paradigm programming language | |||||
| Parallel computing | |||||
| Concurrent computing | |||||
| x ALGOL 60 | ALGOL | ||||
| x ALGOL 58 | ALGOL | Procedural programming | 1958 |
ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages. It was an early compromise design soon superseded by ALGOL 60. According to John Backus
"The Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference had two principal motives in...
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| Structured programming | |||||
| Imperative programming | |||||
| x ALGOL W | ALGOL | Imperative programming |
ALGOL W is a programming language. It was based on a proposal for ALGOL X by Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare as a successor to ALGOL 60 in IFIP Working Group 2.1. When the committee decided that the proposal was not a sufficient advance over ALGOL...
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| Procedural programming | |||||
| Structured programming | |||||
| x Elliott ALGOL | ALGOL |
Elliott ALGOL was an ALGOL 60 compiler for the Eliott 803 computer. It differed slightly from the reference version of Algol, particularly in the supported character set. First released in February 1962, it is believed to be the first...
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| x Dartmouth ALGOL 30 | ALGOL |
Dartmouth ALGOL 30 was an implementation, firstly of ALGOL 58, then of ALGOL 60 for the LGP-30 at Dartmouth College, hence the name.
Since the limited size of the LGP-30 precluded a full implementation of ALGOL 60, certain of its features (arrays...
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| x Pascal | Imperative programming | 1970 | Turbo Pascal |
Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968–1969 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and...
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| Structured programming | UCSD Pascal | ||||
| x Oberon | Object-oriented programming | 1986 |
Oberon is a programming language created in 1986 by Professor Niklaus Wirth (creator of the Pascal, Modula, and Modula-2 programming languages) and his associates at ETH Zurich in Switzerland. It was developed as part of the implementation of the...
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| Reflective programming | |||||
| x Modula-2 | Imperative programming | 1978 | PIM2 |
Modula-2 is a computer programming language designed and developed between 1977 and 1980 by Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zurich as a revision of Pascal to serve as the sole programming language for the operating system and application software for the...
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| Structured programming | PIM3 | ||||
| Modular Programming | PIM4 | ||||
| ISO | |||||
| x Modula | Modular Programming |
The Modula programming language is a descendent of the Pascal programming language. It was developed in Switzerland in the late 1970s by Niklaus Wirth, the same person who designed Pascal. The main innovation of Modula over Pascal is a module system...
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| x Object Pascal | Object-oriented programming | 1986 | Embarcadero Delphi |
Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Embarcadero Delphi.
Object Pascal is an extension of the Pascal language that was developed at Apple Computer by a team...
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| Structured programming | Turbo Pascal | ||||
| Imperative programming | Oxygene | ||||
| Functional programming | |||||
| x Oxygene | Object Pascal | Object-oriented programming |
Oxygene (formerly known as Chrome) is a programming language developed by RemObjects Software for Microsoft's Common Language Infrastructure and the Java Platform. Oxygene is Object Pascal-based, but also has influences from C#, Eiffel, Java, F# and...
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| x UCSD Pascal | Pascal |
UCSD Pascal was a Pascal programming language system that ran on the UCSD p-System, a portable, highly machine-independent operating system. UCSD Pascal was first released in 1978. It was developed at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)....
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| x Turbo Pascal | Pascal | Object-oriented programming |
Turbo Pascal is a software development system that includes a compiler and an integrated development environment (IDE) for the Pascal programming language running on CP/M, CP/M-86, and DOS, developed by Borland under Philippe Kahn's leadership. From...
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| Object Pascal | |||||
| x Mesa | Modular Programming |
Mesa was an innovative programming language developed in the late 1970s at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Palo Alto, California, United States. The language was named after the mesas of the American Southwest, referring to its design intent...
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| x Zonnon | Concurrent computing |
Zonnon is a general purpose programming language in the Pascal, Modula-2 and Oberon family. Its conceptual model is based on objects, definitions, implementations and modules. Its computing model is concurrent, based on active objects which interact...
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| x Ada | Multi-paradigm programming language | 1983 | SPARK programming language |
Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has strong built-in language support for explicit concurrency, offering...
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| x Objective Modula-2 |
Objective Modula-2 (or ObjM2) is an extension to Modula-2 which follows the Objective-C object model and retains the bracketed Smalltalk message passing syntax introduced in Objective-C. Like Objective-C, Objective Modula-2 is a reflective, object...
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| x Modula-3 | Object-oriented programming |
In computer science, Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+. While it has been influential in research circles (influencing the designs of languages such as Java, C#, and...
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| Structured programming | |||||
| Imperative programming | |||||
| x ISO | Modula-2 | ||||
| x PIM4 | Modula-2 | ||||
| x PIM3 | Modula-2 | ||||
| x PIM2 | Modula-2 | ||||
| x Cedar | |||||
| x *Lisp | Common Lisp | Parallel computing | 1986 |
The *Lisp (aka StarLisp) programming language was conceived of in 1985 by Cliff Lasser and Steve Omohundro (employees of the Thinking Machines Corporation) as a way of providing an efficient yet high-level language for programming the nascent...
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| Lisp | |||||
| x Lisp | Lambda calculus | Functional programming | 1958 | Arc |
Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish prefix notation. Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in...
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| Object-oriented programming | Maclisp | ||||
| Procedural programming | Scheme | ||||
| Interpreted language | Emacs Lisp | ||||
| Mathematics | Common Lisp | ||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x Common Lisp | Lisp | Multi-paradigm programming language | *Lisp |
Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004), (formerly X3.226-1994 (R1999)). From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived for use...
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| ALGOL | Procedural programming | SubL | |||
| Object-oriented programming | |||||
| Functional programming | |||||
| Generic programming | |||||
| x Scheme | Lisp | Functional programming | 1975 | Scheme48 |
Scheme is a functional programming language and one of the two main dialects of the programming language Lisp. Unlike Common Lisp, the other main dialect, Scheme follows a minimalist design philosophy specifying a small standard core with powerful...
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| Interpreted language | PLT Scheme | ||||
| Multi-paradigm programming language | Bigloo | ||||
| Procedural programming | T | ||||
| x Emacs Lisp | Lisp | Functional programming |
Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors (which this article will refer to collectively as "Emacs"). It is used for implementing most of the editing functionality built into Emacs, the...
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| x Dylan | Object-oriented programming |
Dylan ( /ˈdɪlən/) is a multi-paradigm programming language that includes support for functional and object-oriented programming, and is dynamic and reflective while providing a programming model designed to support efficient machine code generation,...
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| Reflective programming | |||||
| Dynamic programming language | |||||
| Functional programming | |||||
| Multi-paradigm programming language | |||||
| x CLOS | Object-oriented programming |
The Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) is the facility for object-oriented programming which is part of ANSI Common Lisp. CLOS is a powerful dynamic object system which differs radically from the OOP facilities found in more static languages such as C...
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| x Logo | Lisp | Functional programming | 1967 | StarLogo |
Logo is a multi-paradigm computer programming language used in education. It is an adaptation and dialect of the Lisp language; some have called it Lisp without the parentheses. It was originally conceived and written as a functional programming...
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| Educational programming language | |||||
| Procedural programming | |||||
| Multi-paradigm programming language | |||||
| x Fortran | Procedural programming | Apr 1957 | Fortran 2008 |
Fortran (previously FORTRAN) is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in...
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| Imperative programming | Fortran 2003 | ||||
| Object-oriented programming | FORTRAN 95 | ||||
| Structured programming | FORTRAN 90 | ||||
| Generic programming | FORTRAN 77 | ||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x PL/I | Structured programming | 1964 | PL/8 |
PL/I ("Programming Language One", pronounced "pee-el-one") is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and systems programming applications. It has been used by various academic,...
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| Imperative programming | PL/C | ||||
| Procedural programming | PL/S | ||||
| XPL | |||||
| EPL | |||||
| more ▼ | |||||
| x FORTRAN II | Fortran | ||||
| x FORTRAN III | Fortran | ||||
| x FORTRAN IV | Fortran | ||||
| x FORTRAN 66 | Fortran | ||||
| x FORTRAN 77 | Fortran | ||||
| x FORTRAN 90 | Fortran | ||||
| x FORTRAN 95 | Fortran | ||||
| x Fortran 2003 | Fortran | ||||
| x Fortran 2008 | Fortran | ||||
| x PL/M | PL/I |
The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers) is a high-level language developed by Gary Kildall in 1972 for Intel for its microprocessors.
The language incorporated ideas from PL/I, ALGOL and XPL, and had an...
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| x EPL | PL/I | ||||
| x XPL | PL/I |
XPL is a programming language based on PL/I, and a portable one-pass compiler written in its own language, and a parser generator tool for easily implementing similar compilers for other languages. XPL was designed in 1967 as a way to teach compiler...
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| x PL/S | PL/I |
PL/S, short for Programming Language/Systems, is a "machine-oriented" programming language based on PL/I. It was developed by IBM in the late 1960s, under the name Basic Systems Language (BSL), as a replacement for assembly language on internal...
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