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| x name | x image | x From | x To | x Emperor of | x article |
| x Augustus |
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27 B.C.E. | 14 C.E. | Roman Empire |
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 31 BC until his death in AD 14. Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted by his great-uncle Gaius Julius...
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| x Tiberius |
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14 C.E. | Mar 16, 37 C.E. | Roman Empire |
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16, 42 BC – March 16, AD 37), was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Octavian Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of...
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| x Caligula |
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Mar 16, 37 C.E. | Jan 24, 41 C.E. | Roman Empire |
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12 – 24 January AD 41), more commonly known by his cognomen Caligula (pronounced /kəˈlɪɡjʊlə/), was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41....
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| x Claudius |
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Roman Empire |
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) (Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to AD 4, then Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus from then until his accession) was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio...
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| x Nero |
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Roman Empire |
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted...
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| x Galba |
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Roman Empire |
Servius Sulpicius Galba ( 24 December 3 BC – 15 January 69), also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was the sixth Roman Emperor for seven months, from 8 June 68 until his murder. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four...
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| x Otho |
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Roman Empire |
For other uses, see Otho (disambiguation).
Marcus Salvius Otho (28 April 32 – 16 April 69), also called Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus, was the seventh Roman Emperor from 15 January to 16 April 69, the second emperor of the Year of the four...
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| x Vitellius |
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Roman Empire |
Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius (24 September or 7 September and according to Suetonius, 12 September or 15 September 15 – 22 December 69), was the eighth Roman Emperor, who reigned from 16 April 69...
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| x Vespasian |
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Roman Empire |
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, known in English as Vespasian (17 November 9AD – 23 June 79AD), was the ninth Roman Emperor, who reigned from 69 AD until his death in 79 AD. Vespasian was the founder of the short-lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the...
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| x Titus |
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Roman Empire |
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus (December 30, 39 – September 13, 81), was the tenth Roman Emperor, who reigned from 79 until his death in 81. Titus was the second emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire...
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| x Domitian |
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Roman Empire |
Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), known as Domitian, was the eleventh Roman Emperor, who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, the house which ruled...
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| x Nerva |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Cocceius Nerva (8 November 30 – 25 January 98) was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 96 until his death in 98. Nerva acceded to this position at the advanced age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the...
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| x Trajan |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan (18 September 53 – 8 August 117), was the thirteenth Roman Emperor, who reigned from AD 98 until his death in AD 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a non-patrician family in the Hispania...
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| x Hadrian |
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Roman Empire |
Publius Aelius Hadrianus (as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after his apotheosis, known as Hadrian in English; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was the fourteenth emperor of Rome from AD 117...
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| x Antoninus Pius |
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Roman Empire |
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus (19 September 86 – 7 March 161), generally known in English as Antoninus Pius was the fifteenth Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors and a member of the Aurelii....
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| x Marcus Aurelius |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Lucius' death in 169. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also...
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| x Commodus |
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Roman Empire |
Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with his father, Marcus Aurelius, from 177 until 180). The name given here was his official name at his accession to sole rule;...
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| x Pertinax |
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Roman Empire |
Publius Helvius Pertinax, commonly known as Pertinax (August 1, 126 – March 28, 193), was a Roman emperor who briefly reigned from December 31, 192 until his death on March 28, 193. He was emperor for only 86 days. He is known as the first emperor...
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| x Didius Julianus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (February 2, 137 – June 1, 193) was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. He ascended the throne after buying it from the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. This led to...
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| x Septimius Severus |
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Roman Empire |
Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) (11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 April 193 until his death in 211. Severus was the first emperor of the troubled Severan dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of the...
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| x Caracalla |
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Roman Empire |
Caracalla (April 4, 188 – April 8, 217. Caracallus), born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 to 217. He was...
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| x Publius Septimius Geta |
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Roman Empire |
Publius Septimius Geta (7 March 189 – 26 December 211), was a Roman Emperor co-ruling with his father Septimius Severus and his older brother Caracalla from 209 to his death.
Geta was the younger son of Septimius Severus by his second wife Julia...
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| x Macrinus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Opellius Macrinus (ca. 165 - June 218) was Roman emperor for fourteen months in 217 and 218. Macrinus was the first emperor to become so without membership in the senatorial class. Macrinus was of Berber descent.
Born in Caesarea (modern...
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| x Elagabalus |
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Roman Empire |
Elagabalus (pronounced /elaga'balus/, c. 203 – March 11, 222), also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222. Born Varius Avitus Bassianus, he was Syrian on his mother...
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| x Alexander Severus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (October 1, 208–March 18, 235 AD), commonly called Alexander Severus, was the last Roman emperor (11 March 222–235) of the Severan dynasty. Alexander Severus succeeded his cousin, Elagabalus upon the latter's...
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| x Maximinus Thrax |
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Roman Empire |
Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus (c. 173–238), also known as Maximinus Thrax (i.e. Maximinus the Thracian) and Maximinus I, was Roman Emperor from 235 to 238.
Maximinus is described by several ancient sources (none of which, except for Herodian's Roman...
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| x Gordian I |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. 159 – April 12, 238), known in English as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.
Little is known on the early life and family background of Gordian. There is no reliable...
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| x Gordian II |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. 192 – April 12, 238), known in English as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.
Gordian was the son of Emperor Gordian I. Gordian's mother may be the granddaughter of Greek...
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| x Pupienus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus (born c. 178) was jointly Roman Emperor with Balbinus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. The sources for this period are scanty, and thus knowledge of the emperor limited. In most...
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| x Balbinus |
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Roman Empire |
Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (born c. 165) was jointly Roman Emperor with Pupienus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.
Not much is known about Balbinus before his elevation to emperor. It has been conjectured that he...
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| x Gordian III |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius (January 20, 225 – February 11, 244), known in English as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238. Antonia...
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| x Philip the Arab |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs (c. 204–249), known in English as Philip the Arab or formerly (prior to World War II) in English as Philip the Arabian, was a Roman Emperor from 244 to 249.
Little is known about Philip's early life and...
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| x Decius |
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Roman Empire |
Gaius Messius Quintus Decius (ca. 201- June 251) was the Emperor of Rome from 249 to 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus.
Decius, who was born at...
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| x Herennius Etruscus |
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Roman Empire |
Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius (ca. 227 - June 251), was Roman emperor in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother.
Herennius was born in near Sirmium in Pannonia (now Sremska Mitrovica...
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| x Trebonianus Gallus |
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Roman Empire |
Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus (206 - August, 253), was Roman Emperor from 251 to 253, in a joint rule with his son Volusianus.
Gallus was born in Italy, in a family with respected ancestry of Etruscan senatorial background. He had two children in...
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| x Volusianus |
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Roman Empire |
Gaius Vibius Volusianus (d. August, 253) was a Roman emperor (251 - 253).
He was son to Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus by his wife Afinia Gemina Baebiana. He is known to have had a sister, Vibia Galla.
The death of Decius in early June, 251 led to...
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| x Aemilianus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus (Girba, c. 207/213 - Spoletium, 253), commonly known in English as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for about three months in 253.
Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and...
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| x Valerian |
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Roman Empire |
Publius Licinius Valerianus Maior (c. 193, c. 195, c. 200 - aft. 260 or 264), commonly known in English as Valerian or Valerian I, the Elder, was the only Roman Emperor to be taken captive alive, having reigned from 253 to 260.
Unlike the majority...
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| x Gallienus |
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Roman Empire |
Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (c. 218 - 268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. He took control of the empire at a time when it was undergoing...
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| x Claudius II |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Claudius (May 10, 213 - January, 270), often referred to as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was a Roman Emperor. He ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years (268 - 270), but during that brief time he managed to obtain some...
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| x Quintillus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus (ca 220 - April 270) was born in Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in Illyricum. He was brother of Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became Emperor himself in 270. Quintillus' origin is uncertain. He was either...
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| x Aurelian |
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Roman Empire |
Lucius Domitius Aurelianus (September 9, 214 or 215 –September or October 275), known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270–275), was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during...
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| x Marcus Claudius Tacitus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Claudius Tacitus (ca. 200 - June 276) was a Roman Emperor from September 25 275, to June 276.
He was born in Interamna (Terni), in Italia. He circulated copies of the historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus' work, which was barely read at the time,...
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| x Florianus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Annius Florianus (died 276), commonly known as Florian in English, was a Roman Emperor who ruled in 276.
Florian was reportedly a maternal half-brother to Marcus Claudius Tacitus. According to sources, he was chosen by the army in the West to...
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| x Probus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Probus (c. August 19, 232–September/October, 282) was a Roman Emperor (276–282).
A native of Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia), in Pannonia, at an early age he entered the army, where he distinguished himself under the Emperors...
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| x Carus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Carus (c. 230 - late July/early August, 283) was a Roman Emperor (282-283). During his short reign, Carus tried to follow the path of restoration of the empire strength marked by Aurelian and Probus. His sons Carinus and Numerian...
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| x Carinus |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Carinus (died 285) was Roman Emperor (283 – July, 285) and elder son of the Emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed governor of the western portion of the empire.
He fought with success against the Quadi tribes, but soon...
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| x Numerian |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus (d. November, 284), known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor (December 283 – November, 284), together with his brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a Gaul raised to the office of praetorian prefect...
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| x Diocletian |
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Eastern Roman Empire |
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. 22 December 244 – 3 December 311), born Diocles (Greek: Διοκλῆς) and commonly known as Diocletian (pronounced /ˌdаɪ.ɵˈkliːʃən/), was Roman Emperor from 20 November 284 to 1 May 305. Born to a Dalmatian family...
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| x Maximian |
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Western Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c. 250 – c. July 310), commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar (junior Roman Emperor) from July 285 and Augustus (senior Roman Emperor) from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305. He shared the latter title...
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| x Constantius Chlorus |
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Roman Empire |
Flavius Valerius Constantius (March 31 c. 250 – July 25, 306), also Constantius I, was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire (305–306). He was commonly called Chlorus (the Pale) an epithet given to him by Byzantine historians. He was the father of...
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| x Galerius |
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Roman Empire |
Galerius Maximianus (ca. 260 – late April or early May 311), formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311.
Galerius was born on a small farm estate, on the site where he later built his palace, Felix Romuliana. His...
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| x Flavius Valerius Severus |
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Roman Empire |
Flavius Valerius Severus (or rarely Severus II) (died 16 September 307) was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307.
Severus was of humble birth, born in the Illyrian provinces around the middle of the third century AD. He rose to become a senior...
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| x Constantine I |
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Roman Empire |
Caesar Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus (27 February c. 272 – 22 May 337), commonly known in English as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Christians) Saint...
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| x Maxentius |
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Roman Empire |
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c. 278 – 28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.
Maxentius' exact date of birth is unknown; it was...
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| x Maximinus Daia |
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Roman Empire |
Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus (20 November, c. 270 – July/August, 313) Roman emperor from 308 to 313, was originally named Daia. He was born of peasant stock to the half sister of the Roman emperor Galerius near their family lands around Felix...
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