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Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 31 BC until his death in AD 14. Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted by his great-uncle Gaius Julius...
Date of birth:
- Sep 23, 63 B.C.E.
Date of death:
- Aug 19, 14 C.E. (age 77 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16, 42 BC – March 16, AD 37), was the second Roman Emperor, from the death of Octavian Augustus in AD 14 until his own death in 37. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of...
Date of birth:
- Nov 16, 42 B.C.E.
Date of death:
- Mar 16, 37 C.E. (age 79 years)
Place of birth:
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Prececessor:
Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) (Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to AD 4, then Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus from then until his accession) was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio...
Date of birth:
- Aug 1, 10 B.C.E.
Date of death:
- Oct 13, 54 C.E. (age 64 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Galba
Servius Sulpicius Galba ( 24 December 3 BC – 15 January 69), also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was the sixth Roman Emperor for seven months, from 8 June 68 until his murder. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four...
Date of birth:
- Dec 24, 3 B.C.E.
Date of death:
- Jan 15, 69 C.E. (age 72 years)
Place of birth:
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Prececessor:
Vespasian
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, known in English as Vespasian (17 November 9AD – 23 June 79AD), was the ninth Roman Emperor, who reigned from 69 AD until his death in 79 AD. Vespasian was the founder of the short-lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the...
Date of birth:
- Nov 17, 9 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 23, 79 C.E. (age 69 years)
Place of birth:
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Prececessor:
Caligula
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12 – 24 January AD 41), more commonly known by his agnomen Caligula (pronounced /kəˈlɪɡjʊlə/), was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41....
Date of birth:
- Aug 31, 12 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jan 24, 41 C.E. (age 28 years)
Place of birth:
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Prececessor:
Vitellius
Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius (24 September or 7 September and according to Suetonius, 12 September or 15 September 15 – 22 December 69), was the eighth Roman Emperor, who reigned from 16 April 69...
Date of birth:
- Sep 24, 15 C.E.
Date of death:
- Dec 22, 69 C.E. (age 54 years)
Successor:
Prececessor:
Nerva
Marcus Cocceius Nerva (8 November 30 – 25 January 98) was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 96 until his death in 98. Nerva acceded to this position at the advanced age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the...
Date of birth:
- Nov 8, 30 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jan 25, 98 C.E. (age 67 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Otho
For other uses, see Otho (disambiguation).
Marcus Salvius Otho (28 April 32 – 16 April 69), also called Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus, was the seventh Roman Emperor from 15 January to 16 April 69, the second emperor of the Year of the four...
Date of birth:
- Apr 28, 32 C.E.
Date of death:
- Apr 16, 69 C.E. (age 36 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted...
Date of birth:
- Dec 15, 37 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 9, 68 C.E. (age 30 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Titus
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus (December 30, 39 – September 13, 81), was the tenth Roman Emperor, who reigned from 79 until his death in 81. Titus was the second emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire...
Date of birth:
- Dec 30, 39 C.E.
Date of death:
- Sep 13, 81 C.E. (age 41 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Domitian
Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), known as Domitian, was the eleventh Roman Emperor, who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, the house which ruled...
Date of birth:
- Oct 24, 51 C.E.
Date of death:
- Sep 18, 96 C.E. (age 44 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Trajan
Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan (18 September 53 – 8 August 117), was the thirteenth Roman Emperor, who reigned from AD 98 until his death in AD 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a non-patrician family in the Hispania...
Date of birth:
- Sep 18, 53 C.E.
Date of death:
- Aug 8, 117 C.E. (age 63 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Hadrian
Publius Aelius Hadrianus (as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after his apotheosis, known as Hadrian in English; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was the fourteenth emperor of Rome from AD 117...
Date of birth:
- 76 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jul 10, 138 C.E. (age 62 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Antoninus Pius
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus (19 September 86 – 7 March 161), generally known in English as Antoninus Pius was the fifteenth Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors and a member of the Aurelii....
Date of birth:
- Sep 19, 86 C.E.
Date of death:
- Mar 7, 161 C.E. (age 74 years)
Successor:
Prececessor:
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Lucius' death in 169. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also...
Date of birth:
- Apr 26, 121 C.E.
Date of death:
- Mar 17, 180 C.E. (age 58 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax, commonly known as Pertinax (August 1, 126 – March 28, 193), was a Roman emperor who briefly reigned from December 31, 192 until his death on March 28, 193. He was emperor for only 86 days. He is known as the first emperor...
Date of birth:
- Aug 1, 126 C.E.
Date of death:
- Mar 28, 193 C.E. (age 66 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Didius Julianus
Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (February 2, 137 – June 1, 193) was briefly Roman Emperor from 28 March 193 to 1 June 193. He ascended the throne after buying it from the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. This led to...
Date of birth:
- Feb 2, 137 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 1, 193 C.E. (age 56 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Septimius Severus
Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) (11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 April 193 until his death in 211. Severus was the first emperor of the troubled Severan dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of the...
Date of birth:
- Apr 11, 145 C.E.
Date of death:
- Feb 4, 211 C.E. (age 65 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Gordian I
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. 159 – April 12, 238), known in English as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.
Little is known on the early life and family background of Gordian. There is no reliable...
Date of birth:
- 159 C.E.
Date of death:
- Apr 12, 238 C.E. (age 79 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Commodus
Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with his father, Marcus Aurelius, from 177 until 180). The name given here was his official name at his accession to sole rule;...
Date of birth:
- Aug 31, 161 C.E.
Date of death:
- Dec 31, 192 C.E. (age 31 years)
Successor:
Prececessor:
Macrinus
Marcus Opellius Macrinus (ca. 165 - June 218) was Roman emperor for fourteen months in 217 and 218. Macrinus was the first emperor to become so without membership in the senatorial class. Macrinus was of Berber descent.
Born in Caesarea (modern...
Date of birth:
- 165 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 218 C.E. (age 53 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Balbinus
Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (born c. 165) was jointly Roman Emperor with Pupienus between April and July of 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.
Not much is known about Balbinus before his elevation to emperor. It has been conjectured that he...
Date of birth:
- 165 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jul 29, 238 C.E. (age 73 years)
Successor:
Maximinus Thrax
Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus (c. 173–238), also known as Maximinus Thrax (i.e. Maximinus the Thracian) and Maximinus I, was Roman Emperor from 235 to 238.
Maximinus is described by several ancient sources (none of which, except for Herodian's Roman...
Date of birth:
- 173 C.E.
Date of death:
- 238 C.E. (age 65 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Pupienus
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus (born c. 164 or c. 178 – Rome, 29 July 238) was jointly Roman Emperor with Balbinus between April and July 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. The sources for this period are scanty, and thus knowledge of the emperor...
Date of birth:
- 178 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jul 29, 238 C.E. (age 60 years)
Caracalla
Caracalla (April 4, 188 – April 8, 217. Caracallus), born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 to 217. He was...
Date of birth:
- Apr 4, 188 C.E.
Date of death:
- Apr 8, 217 C.E. (age 29 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Publius Septimius Geta
Publius Septimius Geta (7 March 189 – 26 December 211), was a Roman Emperor co-ruling with his father Septimius Severus and his older brother Caracalla from 209 to his death.
Geta was the younger son of Septimius Severus by his second wife Julia...
Date of birth:
- Mar 7, 189 C.E.
Date of death:
- Dec 26, 211 C.E. (age 22 years)
Successor:
Prececessor:
Gordian II
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. 192 – April 12, 238), known in English as Gordian II, was Roman Emperor during the year 238.
Gordian was the son of Emperor Gordian I. Gordian's mother may be the granddaughter of Greek...
Date of birth:
- 192 C.E.
Date of death:
- Apr 12, 238 C.E. (age 46 years)
Place of birth:
Marcus Claudius Tacitus
Marcus Claudius Tacitus (ca. 200 - June 276) was a Roman Emperor from September 25 275, to June 276.
He was born in Interamna (Terni), in Italia. He circulated copies of the historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus' work, which was barely read at the time,...
Date of birth:
- 200 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 276 C.E. (age 76 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Valerian
Publius Licinius Valerianus Maior (c. 193, c. 195, c. 200 - aft. 260 or 264), commonly known in English as Valerian or Valerian I, the Elder, was the only Roman Emperor to be taken captive alive, having reigned from 253 to 260.
Unlike the majority...
Date of birth:
- 200 C.E.
Date of death:
- 260 C.E. (age 60 years)
Successor:
Prececessor:
Decius
Gaius Messius Quintus Decius (ca. 201- June 251) was the Emperor of Rome from 249 to 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until both of them were killed in the Battle of Abrittus.
Decius, who was born at...
Date of birth:
- 201 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 251 C.E. (age 50 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Elagabalus
Elagabalus (pronounced /elaga'balus/, c. 203 – March 11, 222), also known as Heliogabalus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman Emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222. Born Varius Avitus Bassianus, he was Syriac/Aramean on...
Date of birth:
- 203 C.E.
Date of death:
- Mar 11, 222 C.E. (age 19 years)
Successor:
Prececessor:
Philip the Arab
Marcus Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs (c. 204–249), known in English as Philip the Arab or formerly (prior to World War II) as Philip the Arabian, was a Roman Emperor from 244 to 249.
Little is known about Philip's early life and political...
Date of birth:
- 204 C.E.
Date of death:
- 249 C.E. (age 45 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Trebonianus Gallus
Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus (206 - August, 253), was Roman Emperor from 251 to 253, in a joint rule with his son Volusianus.
Gallus was born in Italy, in a family with respected ancestry of Etruscan senatorial background. He had two children in...
Date of birth:
- 206 C.E.
Date of death:
- Aug 253 C.E. (age 47 years)
Place of birth:
Aemilianus
Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus (Girba, c. 207/213 - Spoletium, 253), commonly known in English as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for about three months in 253.
Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and...
Date of birth:
- 207 C.E.
Date of death:
- 253 C.E. (age 46 years)
Place of birth:
Alexander Severus
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (October 1, 208–March 18, 235 AD), commonly called Alexander Severus, was the last Roman emperor (11 March 222–235) of the Severan dynasty. Alexander Severus succeeded his cousin, Elagabalus upon the latter's...
Date of birth:
- Oct 1, 208 C.E.
Date of death:
- Mar 18, 235 C.E. (age 26 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Claudius II
Marcus Aurelius Claudius (May 10, 213 - January, 270), often referred to as Claudius Gothicus or Claudius II, was a Roman Emperor. He ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years (268 - 270), but during that brief time he managed to obtain some...
Date of birth:
- May 10, 213 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jan 270 C.E. (age 56 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Aurelian
Lucius Domitius Aurelianus (September 9, 214 or 215 –September or October 275), known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270–275), was the second of several highly successful "soldier-emperors" who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during...
Date of birth:
- 214 C.E.
Date of death:
- 275 C.E. (age 61 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Gallienus
Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (c. 218 - 268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. He took control of the empire at a time when it was undergoing...
Date of birth:
- 218 C.E.
Date of death:
- 268 C.E. (age 50 years)
Successor:
Quintillus
Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus (ca 220 - April 270) was born in Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in Illyricum. He was brother of Roman Emperor Claudius II, and became Emperor himself in 270. Quintillus' origin is uncertain. He was either...
Date of birth:
- 220 C.E.
Date of death:
- Apr 270 C.E. (age 50 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Gordian III
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius (January 20, 225 – February 11, 244), known in English as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238. Antonia...
Date of birth:
- Jan 20, 225 C.E.
Date of death:
- Feb 11, 244 C.E. (age 19 years)
Successor:
Herennius Etruscus
Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius (ca. 227 - June 251), was Roman emperor in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother.
Herennius was born in near Sirmium in Pannonia (now Sremska Mitrovica...
Date of birth:
- 227 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jun 251 C.E. (age 24 years)
Place of birth:
Carus
Marcus Aurelius Carus (c. 230 - late July/early August, 283) was a Roman Emperor (282-283). During his short reign, Carus tried to follow the path of restoration of the empire strength marked by Aurelian and Probus. His sons Carinus and Numerian...
Date of birth:
- 230 C.E.
Date of death:
- Aug 283 C.E. (age 53 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Probus
Marcus Aurelius Probus (c. August 19, 232–September/October, 282) was a Roman Emperor (276–282).
A native of Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia), in Pannonia, at an early age he entered the army, where he distinguished himself under the Emperors...
Date of birth:
- Aug 19, 232 C.E.
Date of death:
- 282 C.E. (age 49 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Diocletian
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. 22 December 244 – 3 December 311), born Diocles (Greek: Διοκλῆς) and commonly known as Diocletian (pronounced /ˌdаɪ.ɵˈkliːʃən/), was Roman Emperor from 20 November 284 to 1 May 305. Born to a Dalmatian family...
Date of birth:
- Dec 22, 244 C.E.
Date of death:
- Dec 3, 311 C.E. (age 66 years)
Place of birth:
Maximian
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c. 250 – c. July 310), commonly referred to as Maximian, was Caesar (junior Roman Emperor) from July 285 and Augustus (senior Roman Emperor) from April 1, 286 to May 1, 305. He shared the latter title...
Date of birth:
- 250 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jul 310 C.E. (age 60 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Flavius Valerius Severus
Flavius Valerius Severus (or rarely Severus II) (died 16 September 307) was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307.
Severus was of humble birth, born in the Illyrian provinces around the middle of the third century AD. He rose to become a senior...
Date of birth:
- 250 C.E.
Date of death:
- Sep 16, 307 C.E. (age 57 years)
Place of birth:
Successor:
Prececessor:
Constantius Chlorus
Flavius Valerius Constantius (March 31 c. 250 – July 25, 306), also Constantius I, was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire (305–306). He was commonly called Chlorus (the Pale) an epithet given to him by Byzantine historians. He was the father of...
Date of birth:
- Mar 31, 250 C.E.
Date of death:
- Jul 25, 306 C.E. (age 56 years)
Galerius
Galerius Maximianus (ca. 260 – late April or early May 311), formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311.
Galerius was born on a small farm estate, on the site where he later built his palace, Felix Romuliana. His...
Date of birth:
- 260 C.E.
Date of death:
- 311 C.E. (age 51 years)
Maximinus Daia
Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus (20 November, c. 270 – July/August, 313) Roman emperor from 308 to 313, was originally named Daia. He was born of peasant stock to the half sister of the Roman emperor Galerius near their family lands around Felix...
Date of birth:
- Nov 20, 270 C.E.
Date of death:
- 313 C.E. (age 42 years)
Place of birth:
Prececessor:
Constantine I
Caesar Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus (27 February c. 272 – 22 May 337), commonly known in English as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Christians) Saint...
Date of birth:
- Feb 27, 272 C.E.
Date of death:
- May 22, 337 C.E. (age 65 years)
Place of birth:
Maxentius
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c. 278 – 28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.
Maxentius' exact date of birth is unknown; it was...
Date of birth:
- 278 C.E.
Date of death:
- Oct 28, 312 C.E. (age 34 years)
Successor:
Numerian
Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus (d. November, 284), known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor (December 283 – November, 284), together with his brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a Gaul raised to the office of praetorian prefect...
Date of death:
- Nov 284 C.E.
Carinus
Marcus Aurelius Carinus (died 285) was Roman Emperor (283 – July, 285) and elder son of the Emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed governor of the western portion of the empire.
He fought with success against the Quadi tribes, but soon...
Date of death:
- 285 C.E.
Florianus
Marcus Annius Florianus (died 276), commonly known as Florian in English, was a Roman Emperor who ruled in 276.
Florian was reportedly a maternal half-brother to Marcus Claudius Tacitus. According to sources, he was chosen by the army in the West to...
Date of death:
- 276 C.E.
Successor:
Prececessor:
Volusianus
Gaius Vibius Volusianus (d. August, 253) was a Roman emperor (251 - 253).
He was son to Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus by his wife Afinia Gemina Baebiana. He is known to have had a sister, Vibia Galla.
The death of Decius in early June, 251 led to...
Date of death:
- Aug 253 C.E.
