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| x name | x image | x Model | x Installed | x Decommissioned | x article |
| x ASCI White |
ASCI White was a supercomputer at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in California.
It was a computer cluster based on IBM's commercial RS/6000 SP computer. 512 of these machines were connected together for ASCI White, with 16 processors per node and...
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| x ASCI Purple |
ASC Purple was a supercomputer installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA. The computer was a collaboration between IBM Corporation and Lawrence Livermore Lab. Announced November 19th, 2002, it was installed in July...
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| x ASCI Blue Mountain |
ASCI Blue Mountain is a supercomputer that is installed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The computer was a collaboration between Silicon Graphics Corporation and Los Alamos National Laboratory. It was installed in...
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| x ASCI Blue Pacific |
ASCI Blue Pacific was a supercomputer installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA at the end of 1998. It was a collaboration between IBM Corporation and Lawerence Livermore Lab.
It was an IBM RS6000 SP massively parallel...
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| x TX-0 | 1956 |
The TX-0, for Transistorized Experimental computer zero, but affectionately referred to as tixo (pronounced "tix oh"), was an early fully transistorized computer and contained a then-huge 64K of 18-bit words of magnetic core memory. The TX-0 was...
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| x Whirlwind |
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Apr 20, 1951 | 1973 |
The Whirlwind computer was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is the first computer that operated in real time, used video displays for output, and the first that was not simply an electronic replacement of older mechanical...
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| x EDSAC |
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May 6, 1949 |
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was an early British computer. The machine, having been inspired by John von Neumann's seminal First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, was constructed by Maurice Wilkes and his team at the...
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| x ENIAC |
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Jul 29, 1947 | Oct 2, 1955 11:45pm |
ENIAC ( /ˈɛni.æk/; Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
ENIAC was...
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| x ASCI Red |
ASCI Red (also known as ASCI Option Red or TFLOPS) was the first computer built under the Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). ASCI Red was built by Intel and installed at Sandia in late 1996. The design was based on the Intel Paragon...
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| x ORDVAC |
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1951 |
The ORDVAC or Ordnance Discrete Variable Automatic Computer, an early computer built by the University of Illinois for the Ballistics Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, was based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann,...
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| x ILLIAC I | 1952 |
The ILLIAC I (Illinois Automatic Computer), a pioneering computer built in 1952 by the University of Illinois, was the first computer built and owned entirely by a US educational institution, Manchester University UK having built Manchester Mark 1...
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| x ILLIAC II |
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The ILLIAC II was a revolutionary super-computer built by the University of Illinois that became operational in 1962.
The concept, proposed in 1958, pioneered Emitter-coupled logic (ECL) circuitry, pipelining, and transistor memory with a design...
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| x ILLIAC III |
The ILLIAC III was a fine-grained SIMD pattern recognition computer built by the University of Illinois in 1966.
This ILLIAC's initial task was image processing of bubble chamber experiments used to detect nuclear particles. Later it was used on...
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| x ILLIAC IV |
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The ILLIAC IV was one of the most infamous supercomputers ever built. One of a series of research machines, the ILLIACs from the University of Illinois, the ILLIAC IV design featured fairly high parallelism with up to 256 processors, used to allow...
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| x TX-2 |
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The MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-2 computer was the successor to the Lincoln TX-0 and was known for its role in advancing both artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction.
The TX-2 was a transistor-based computer using the then-huge amount...
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| x APEXC |
The APE(X)C, or All Purpose Electronic (X) Computer series was designed by Andrew Donald Booth at Birkbeck College, London in the early 1950s. His work on the APE(X)C series was sponsored by the British Rayon Research Association. Although the...
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| x Analytical engine |
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The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical calculator. The...
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| x ARRA |
The ARRA (for "Automatische Relais Rekenmachine Amsterdam", Automatic Relay Calculator Amsterdam) was the first Dutch computer, and was built from relays for the Dutch Mathematical Centre (Dutch: Mathematisch Centrum), which later became the Centrum...
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| x Atanasoff-Berry Computer |
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1942 |
The Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) was the first electronic digital computing device. Conceived in 1937, the machine was not programmable, being designed only to solve systems of linear equations. It was successfully tested in 1942. However, its...
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| x ACE |
The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer design produced by Alan Turing at the invitation of John R. Womersley, superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The use...
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| x BINAC |
BINAC, the Binary Automatic Computer, was an early electronic computer designed for Northrop Aircraft Company by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1949. Eckert and Mauchly, though they had started the design of EDVAC at the University of...
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| x BRLESC |
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The BRLESC I (Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer) was a first-generation electronic computer built by the United States Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground with assistance from the...
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| x Belle |
Belle was the name of a chess computer and its associated software, developed by Joe Condon and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs in the 1970s and 1980s. Belle was the first computer built for the sole purpose of chess playing. The strongest computer chess...
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| x Bomba |
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The bomba, or bomba kryptologiczna (Polish for "bomb" or "cryptologic bomb") was a special-purpose machine designed about October 1938 by Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologist Marian Rejewski to break German Enigma-machine ciphers.
The German Enigma...
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| x CALDIC |
CALDIC (the California Digital Computer) was an electronic digital computer built with the assistance of the Office of Naval Research at the University of California, Berkeley between 1951 and 1955 to assist and enhance research being conducted at...
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| x CAP computer |
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The Cambridge CAP computer was the first successful experimental computer that demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software. It was developed at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in the 1970s. As well as...
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| x CER-2 |
CER (Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – Digital Electronic Computer) model 22 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1960s. CER-2 was a prototype computer model only.
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| x CER-10 |
CER (Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – Digital Electronic Computer) model 10 was a vacuum tube , transistor and electronic relays based computer developed at IBK-Vinca and Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1960, [Ref.lit. #1, #2, #4, #8]....
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| x CER-20 |
CER (Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар / Cifarski Elektronski Računar - Digital Electronic Computer) model 20 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia). It was designed as the "electronic bookkeeping machine"....
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| x CER-200 |
CER (Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – Digital Electronic Computer) model 200 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1966.
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| x CER-202 |
CER (Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – Digital Electronic Computer) model 202 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in the 1960s.
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| x ChipTest |
ChipTest was a 1985 chess playing computer built by Feng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman and Murray Campbell at Carnegie Mellon University. It is the predecessor of Deep Thought which in turn evolved into Deep Blue.
ChipTest was based on a special...
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| x Columbia |
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Named in honor of the crew who died in the Columbia disaster, Columbia is a supercomputer built by Silicon Graphics for NASA. Its main purpose was to simulate the violent collision and merger of spiral galaxies that lead to the formation of...
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| x CSIRAC | Nov 1949 | 1964 |
CSIRAC ( /ˈsaɪræk/; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Automatic Computer), originally known as CSIR Mk 1, was Australia's first digital computer, and the fourth stored program computer in the world. It was first to play digital music...
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| x DASK |
The DASK was the first computer in Denmark. It was commissioned in 1955, designed and constructed by Regnecentralen, and began operation in September 1957. DASK is an acronym for Dansk Aritmetisk Sekvens Kalkulator or Danish Arithmetic Sequence...
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| x DATAR |
DATAR, short for Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving, was a pioneering computerized battlefield information system.
Development on DATAR was started by the Canadian Navy in partnership with Ferranti Canada (later known as Ferranti-Packard) in...
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| x DRTE Computer |
The DRTE Computer was a transistorized computer built at the Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE), part of the Canadian Defence Research Board. It was one of the earlier fully transistorized machines, running in prototype form in...
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| x DYSEAC |
DYSEAC was the Second Standards Electronic Automatic Computer. (See SEAC.)
DYSEAC was a first-generation computer built by the National Bureau of Standards for the US Army Signal Corps. It was housed in a truck, making it one of the first portable...
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| x Datasaab D2 |
D2 was a concept and prototype computer designed by Datasaab in Linköping, Sweden. It was built with discrete transistors and completed in 1960. Its purpose was to investigate the feasibility of building a computer for use in an aircraft to assist...
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| x Deep Blue |
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1997 |
Deep Blue was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM. On May 11, 1997, the machine won the second six-game match against world champion Garry Kasparov by two wins to one with three draws . Kasparov accused IBM of cheating and demanded a rematch,...
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| x Deep Thought |
Deep Thought was a computer designed to play chess. Deep Thought was initially developed at Carnegie Mellon University and later at IBM. It was second in the line of chess computers developed by Feng-hsiung Hsu, starting with ChipTest and...
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| x EDVAC |
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1951 | 1961 |
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program computer.
ENIAC inventors John Mauchly and J. Presper...
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| x EFF DES cracker |
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In cryptography, the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed "Deep Crack") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 1998 to perform a brute force search of DES cipher's key space — that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying every...
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| x Earth Simulator |
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The Earth Simulator (ES), developed by the Japanese government's initiative "Earth Simulator Project", was a highly parallel vector supercomputer system for running global climate models to evaluate the effects of global warming and problems in...
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| x FUJIC |
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FUJIC was the first stored-program computer built in Japan. It was finished in March 1956, the project having been effectively started in 1949, and was essentially built almost entirely by one person – Dr. Okazaki Bunji. Originally designed to...
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| x Finite element machine |
The Finite Element Machine (FEM) was a late 1970s-early 1980s NASA project to build and evaluate the performance of a parallel computer for structural analysis. The FEM was completed and successfully tested at the NASA Langley Research Center in...
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| x Goodyear MPP |
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The Goodyear Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) was a massively parallel processing supercomputer built by Goodyear Aerospace for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It was designed to deliver enormous computational power at lower cost than other...
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| x Harvard Mark I |
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May 1944 |
The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), called the Mark I by Harvard University, was an electro-mechanical computer.
The electromechanical ASCC was devised by Howard H. Aiken, built at IBM and shipped to Harvard in February 1944. It...
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| x Harvard Mark II |
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1947 |
The Harvard Mark II was an electromechanical computer built at Harvard University under the direction of Howard Aiken and was finished in 1947. It was financed by the United States Navy.
The Mark II was constructed with high-speed electromagnetic...
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| x Harvard Mark III | Mar 1950 |
The Harvard Mark III, also known as ADEC (for Aiken Dahlgren Electronic Calculator) was an early computer that was partially electronic and partially electromechanical. It was built at Harvard University under the supervision of Howard Aiken for the...
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| x Harvard Mark IV | 1952 |
The Harvard Mark IV was an electronic stored-program computer built by Harvard University under the supervision of Howard Aiken for the United States Air Force. The computer was finished being built in 1952. It stayed at Harvard, where the Air Force...
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| x Harwell CADET |
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The Harwell CADET was the first fully transistorised computer in Europe, and may have been the first fully transistorised computer in the world.
The electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, UK built the Harwell...
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| x HiTech |
HiTech was a chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Dr. Hans J. Berliner, by Berliner, Carl Ebeling, Murray Campbell, and Gordon Goetsch.
HiTech won the 1985 and 1989 editions of...
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| x Hydra |
Hydra was a chess machine, designed by a team with Dr. Christian "Chrilly" Donninger, Dr. Ulf Lorenz, GM Christopher Lutz and Muhammad Nasir Ali. Since 2006 the development team consisted only of Donninger and Lutz. Hydra was under the patronage of...
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| x Harvest |
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1962 | 1976 |
The IBM 7950, also known as Harvest, was a one-of-a-kind adjunct to the Stretch computer which was installed at the US National Security Agency (NSA). Built by IBM, it was delivered in 1962 and operated until 1976, when it was decommissioned....
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| x SSEC |
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Jan 1948 |
The IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) was an electromechanical computer built by IBM. Its design was started in late 1944, and it operated from January 1948 to 1952. It had many of the features of a stored-program computer and was...
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| x NORC | Dec 1954 |
The IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator (NORC) was a one-of-a-kind first-generation (vacuum tube) electronic computer built by IBM for the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance. It went into service in December 1954 and was likely the most...
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| x IBM Sequoia |
Sequoia is a petascale Blue Gene/Q supercomputer being constructed by IBM for the National Nuclear Security Administration as part of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC). It was delivered to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory...
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| x MANIAC II | 1957 |
The MANIAC II (Mathematical Analyzer Numerical Integrator and Computer Model II) was a first-generation electronic computer, built in 1957 for use at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.
MANIAC II was built by the University of California and the Los...
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| x MANIAC III | 1961 |
The Maniac III (Mathematical Analyzer Numerical Integrator and Automatic Computer Model III) was a second-generation electronic computer (i.e., using solid state electronics rather than vacuum tubes), built in 1961 for use at the Institute for...
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